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Effects of the IL6 ‑174G>C promoter polymorphism and IL‑6 serum levels on the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma

  • Authors:
    • Tatyana Vlaykova
    • Mateuzh Kurzawski
    • Tanya Tacheva
    • Dimo Dimov
    • Asen Anastasov
    • Denitsa Vlaykova
    • Ani Miteva
    • Niamh O'Donoghue
    • Marek Drozdzik
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70‑204, Poland, Department of Medical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
    Copyright: © Vlaykova et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1781-1791
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    Published online on: June 16, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11740
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Abstract

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is one of the most immunogenic types of cancer, with a 6‑fold higher rate of spontaneous regression than any other malignancy. In addition to responsiveness to different immunotherapies, the immunogenicity of CMM highlights the important role of the host immune system in the response to CMM. The present study aimed to explore the role of two functional promoter polymorphisms [IL6 ‑174G>C (rs1800785) and TNFA ‑308G>A (rs1800629)] in the regulation of the genes encoding the pro‑inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‑6 and tumor necrosis factor‑α, specifically in patients with CMM. A total of 76 patients with CMM and 200 control subjects were genotyped using PCR‑restriction fragment length polymorphism. The genotype frequencies for both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) did not differ significantly between the patients and controls (P=0.358 and P=0.810 for IL6 and TNFA, respectively). However, compared with carriers of C‑allele genotypes (CG+CC), patients with the IL6 ‑174GG genotype exhibited more advanced melanoma (Clark scale ≥3; P=0.037) and shorter survival times, particularly those who worked outdoors (in conditions with increased sunlight exposure; P=0.016). Furthermore, the serum IL‑6 levels of patients with CMM were significantly higher than those of the control subjects, which were associated with unfavorable blood and serum characteristics and tumor progression (development of new distant metastases; P=0.004), and with a shorter overall survival time (P=0.042). Using a Cox proportional hazard model, the IL6 ‑174GG genotype was found to be an independent prognostic factor for reduced survival time (P=0.030), together with sex (being male; P=0.004) and occupations with higher exposure to sunlight (P=0.047). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that the promoter polymorphisms IL6 ‑174G>C and TNFA ‑308G>A are not predisposing factors for CMM. However, the IL6 ‑174G>C SNP and IL‑6 serum concentrations are likely to influence the progression of the disease, and the GG genotype and higher IL‑6 serum levels may indicate shorter survival.
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Spandidos Publications style
Vlaykova T, Kurzawski M, Tacheva T, Dimov D, Anastasov A, Vlaykova D, Miteva A, O'Donoghue N and Drozdzik M: Effects of the IL6 ‑174G>C promoter polymorphism and IL‑6 serum levels on the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Oncol Lett 20: 1781-1791, 2020.
APA
Vlaykova, T., Kurzawski, M., Tacheva, T., Dimov, D., Anastasov, A., Vlaykova, D. ... Drozdzik, M. (2020). Effects of the IL6 ‑174G>C promoter polymorphism and IL‑6 serum levels on the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Oncology Letters, 20, 1781-1791. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11740
MLA
Vlaykova, T., Kurzawski, M., Tacheva, T., Dimov, D., Anastasov, A., Vlaykova, D., Miteva, A., O'Donoghue, N., Drozdzik, M."Effects of the IL6 ‑174G>C promoter polymorphism and IL‑6 serum levels on the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma". Oncology Letters 20.2 (2020): 1781-1791.
Chicago
Vlaykova, T., Kurzawski, M., Tacheva, T., Dimov, D., Anastasov, A., Vlaykova, D., Miteva, A., O'Donoghue, N., Drozdzik, M."Effects of the IL6 ‑174G>C promoter polymorphism and IL‑6 serum levels on the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma". Oncology Letters 20, no. 2 (2020): 1781-1791. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11740
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Spandidos Publications style
Vlaykova T, Kurzawski M, Tacheva T, Dimov D, Anastasov A, Vlaykova D, Miteva A, O'Donoghue N and Drozdzik M: Effects of the IL6 ‑174G>C promoter polymorphism and IL‑6 serum levels on the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Oncol Lett 20: 1781-1791, 2020.
APA
Vlaykova, T., Kurzawski, M., Tacheva, T., Dimov, D., Anastasov, A., Vlaykova, D. ... Drozdzik, M. (2020). Effects of the IL6 ‑174G>C promoter polymorphism and IL‑6 serum levels on the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Oncology Letters, 20, 1781-1791. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11740
MLA
Vlaykova, T., Kurzawski, M., Tacheva, T., Dimov, D., Anastasov, A., Vlaykova, D., Miteva, A., O'Donoghue, N., Drozdzik, M."Effects of the IL6 ‑174G>C promoter polymorphism and IL‑6 serum levels on the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma". Oncology Letters 20.2 (2020): 1781-1791.
Chicago
Vlaykova, T., Kurzawski, M., Tacheva, T., Dimov, D., Anastasov, A., Vlaykova, D., Miteva, A., O'Donoghue, N., Drozdzik, M."Effects of the IL6 ‑174G>C promoter polymorphism and IL‑6 serum levels on the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma". Oncology Letters 20, no. 2 (2020): 1781-1791. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11740
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