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Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from Ganoderma lucidum

  • Authors:
    • Xiao Wu
    • Liping Jiang
    • Zeng Zhang
    • Yanming He
    • Yilong Teng
    • Jiaqi Li
    • Shilin Yuan
    • Yanna Pan
    • Haohui Liang
    • Hongjie Yang
    • Ping Zhou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China, Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 34
    |
    Published online on: November 12, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12295
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Abstract

The Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganoderma lucidum, has been widely used for its immunity-related and anti‑cancer effects. Fudan‑Yueyang‑Ganoderma lucidum (FYGL) is a proteoglycan, extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, that has shown safe anti‑diabetic activity in vivo. The present study demonstrated that FYGL could selectively inhibit the viability of PANC‑1 and BxPC‑3 pancreatic cancer cells in a dose dependent manner, but not in Mia PaCa‑2 pancreatic cancer cells and HepG2 liver cancer cells. In addition, FYGL could inhibit migration and colony formation, and promote apoptosis in PANC‑1 cells, but not in Mia PaCa‑2 cells. Further investigation into the underlying mechanism revealed that FYGL could inhibit the expression level of the Bcl‑2 protein in PANC‑1 cells, but not in Mia PaCa‑2 cells, leading to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential and cell apoptosis. The increased ROS also promoted the formation of autophagosomes, along with an increase in the microtubule‑associated protein light chain 3 II/I ratio. However, FYGL halted autophagy by preventing the autophagosomes from entering the lysosomes. The inhibition of autophagy increased the accumulation of defective mitochondria, as well as the production of ROS. Taken together, the processes of ROS regulation and autophagy inhibition promoted apoptosis of PANC‑1 cells through the caspase‑3/cleaved caspase‑3 cascade. These results indicated that FYGL could be potentially used as an anti‑cancer agent in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wu X, Jiang L, Zhang Z, He Y, Teng Y, Li J, Yuan S, Pan Y, Liang H, Yang H, Yang H, et al: Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>. Oncol Lett 21: 34, 2021.
APA
Wu, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, Z., He, Y., Teng, Y., Li, J. ... Zhou, P. (2021). Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>. Oncology Letters, 21, 34. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12295
MLA
Wu, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, Z., He, Y., Teng, Y., Li, J., Yuan, S., Pan, Y., Liang, H., Yang, H., Zhou, P."Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>". Oncology Letters 21.1 (2021): 34.
Chicago
Wu, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, Z., He, Y., Teng, Y., Li, J., Yuan, S., Pan, Y., Liang, H., Yang, H., Zhou, P."Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>". Oncology Letters 21, no. 1 (2021): 34. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12295
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wu X, Jiang L, Zhang Z, He Y, Teng Y, Li J, Yuan S, Pan Y, Liang H, Yang H, Yang H, et al: Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>. Oncol Lett 21: 34, 2021.
APA
Wu, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, Z., He, Y., Teng, Y., Li, J. ... Zhou, P. (2021). Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>. Oncology Letters, 21, 34. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12295
MLA
Wu, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, Z., He, Y., Teng, Y., Li, J., Yuan, S., Pan, Y., Liang, H., Yang, H., Zhou, P."Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>". Oncology Letters 21.1 (2021): 34.
Chicago
Wu, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, Z., He, Y., Teng, Y., Li, J., Yuan, S., Pan, Y., Liang, H., Yang, H., Zhou, P."Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>". Oncology Letters 21, no. 1 (2021): 34. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12295
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