Open Access

High expression of regulator of G‑protein signalling 1 is associated with the poor differentiation and prognosis of gastric cancer

  • Authors:
    • Shilong Li
    • Huaxiang Yang
    • Shuliang Li
    • Zongxian Zhao
    • Daohan Wang
    • Weihua Fu
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 23, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12584
  • Article Number: 322
  • Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Emerging evidence has highlighted that immune and stromal cells form the majority of the tumour microenvironment (TME), which plays important roles in tumour progression. The present study aimed to screen vital prognostic genes associated with the TME in gastric cancer (GC). The ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to calculate TME‑related scores, and the relationship between clinicopathological variables and these scores was analysed. Heatmaps and Venn plots were then used to visualize and screen differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was performed, and a protein‑protein interaction network was constructed. Kaplan‑Meier curves were generated to evaluate survival differences for each hub gene. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR was employed to evaluate the expression of the three hub genes in the validation cohort. The association between gene expression, clinicopathological variables and survival was also evaluated. Higher stromal scores were associated with worse outcomes in patients with GC. In addition, higher scores were significantly associated with a higher tumour grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and T stage with regard to immune scores, stromal scores and ESTIMATE scores, respectively. In total, 644 upregulated intersecting genes and 126 downregulated genes were identified. Moreover, 71 TME‑associated hub genes were identified. Batch survival analysis revealed that higher expression of CXCR4, PTGFR and RGS1 was significantly associated with worse outcome. Subsequently, the relationship between high expression of RGS1 and poor prognosis was verified, and high expression of RGS1 was associated with poor differentiation. In conclusion, it was found that compared with immune cells, stromal cells may play a more important role in the prognosis of patients with GC. In addition, the influence of RGS1 expression on survival in GC patients was identified and verified, and high expression of RGS1 was found to be associated with a low differentiation degree of GC.
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April-2021
Volume 21 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Spandidos Publications style
Li S, Yang H, Li S, Zhao Z, Wang D and Fu W: High expression of regulator of G‑protein signalling 1 is associated with the poor differentiation and prognosis of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 21: 322, 2021
APA
Li, S., Yang, H., Li, S., Zhao, Z., Wang, D., & Fu, W. (2021). High expression of regulator of G‑protein signalling 1 is associated with the poor differentiation and prognosis of gastric cancer. Oncology Letters, 21, 322. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12584
MLA
Li, S., Yang, H., Li, S., Zhao, Z., Wang, D., Fu, W."High expression of regulator of G‑protein signalling 1 is associated with the poor differentiation and prognosis of gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 21.4 (2021): 322.
Chicago
Li, S., Yang, H., Li, S., Zhao, Z., Wang, D., Fu, W."High expression of regulator of G‑protein signalling 1 is associated with the poor differentiation and prognosis of gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 21, no. 4 (2021): 322. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12584