Open Access

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma among the Bidayuh of Sarawak, Malaysia: history and risk factors (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Reagan Entigu Linton
    • Maelinda Daker
    • Alan Soo‑Beng Khoo
    • Diana Chung Yiing Choo
    • Mignon Viljoen
    • Paul M. Neilsen
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: May 6, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12775
  • Article Number: 514
  • Copyright: © Linton et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer of the epithelial cells lining the nasopharynx. The incidence of NPC has a distinct geographical distribution, mainly affecting the Chinese population of Southern China. In Malaysia, this cancer is exceptionally prevalent among males. There is a high incidence rate of NPC among the Bidayuh natives in Sarawak, Malaysia. Other than epidemiology reports, there has not been an article describing plausible cancer risk factors contributing to NPC within this native group. Researchers are still trying to understand the reasons the Bidayuh and Southern Chinese are highly susceptible to NPC. This article discusses the risk factors of developing NPC: Epstein‑Barr virus infection, genetic predisposition, diet, environmental exposure and tobacco smoking. There is a need to improve the understanding of the role of risk factors to identify new ways to prevent cancer, especially among high‑risk groups.
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July-2021
Volume 22 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Spandidos Publications style
Linton RE, Daker M, Khoo AS, Choo DC, Viljoen M and Neilsen PM: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma among the Bidayuh of Sarawak, Malaysia: history and risk factors (Review). Oncol Lett 22: 514, 2021
APA
Linton, R.E., Daker, M., Khoo, A.S., Choo, D.C., Viljoen, M., & Neilsen, P.M. (2021). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma among the Bidayuh of Sarawak, Malaysia: history and risk factors (Review). Oncology Letters, 22, 514. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12775
MLA
Linton, R. E., Daker, M., Khoo, A. S., Choo, D. C., Viljoen, M., Neilsen, P. M."Nasopharyngeal carcinoma among the Bidayuh of Sarawak, Malaysia: history and risk factors (Review)". Oncology Letters 22.1 (2021): 514.
Chicago
Linton, R. E., Daker, M., Khoo, A. S., Choo, D. C., Viljoen, M., Neilsen, P. M."Nasopharyngeal carcinoma among the Bidayuh of Sarawak, Malaysia: history and risk factors (Review)". Oncology Letters 22, no. 1 (2021): 514. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12775