Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
January-2022 Volume 23 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2022 Volume 23 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data3.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data4.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data5.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data6.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data7.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data8.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data9.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data10.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data11.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data12.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data13.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data14.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data15.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data16.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data17.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data18.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data19.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data20.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data21.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data22.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data23.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data24.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data25.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data26.mp4
    • Supplementary_Data27.mp4
Article Open Access

Cancer‑associated fibroblasts as cellular vehicles in endometrial cancer cell migration

  • Authors:
    • Yap Chee Voon
    • Intan Sofia Omar
    • Ming-Heng Wu
    • Nur Akmarina B.M. Said
    • Ivy Chung
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Life Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Copyright: © Voon et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 3
    |
    Published online on: November 4, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.13121
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Cell motility is a critical step in the metastasis cascade. However, the role of cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in facilitating endometrial cancer (EC) cell motility remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of CAFs in EC motility in a 3D environment. A co‑culture model was established using an EC cell line (ECC‑1) and CAFs on a Matrigel® matrix and compared to the respective individual monocultures. It was demonstrated that endometrial CAFs increased the motility of the EC cell line, compared with the monoculture. Using live cell imaging, CAFs were observed to form cell projections that served as contact guidance for ECC‑1 cell locomotion in the spheroid formation process. These effects were specific to CAFs, as fibroblasts isolated from benign endometrial tissue samples did not form cell projections. Molecular analysis revealed that RhoA/Rho‑associated, coiled‑coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) signaling activation partly contributed to CAF‑mediated ECC‑1 cell migration. The presence of Matrigel® increased the mRNA expression of RhoA, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of its downstream effectors, ROCK1 and p‑MLC, respectively, in the ECC‑1 and CAF co‑culture, as well as the ECC‑1 and CAF monocultures. Interestingly, high phosphorylation levels of myosin light chain mediated the activation of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling in the ECC‑1 and CAF co‑culture. The ROCK1 inhibitor Y‑27632 attenuated the motility of tumor cells in ECC‑1 and CAF co‑cultures. However, similar treatment led to a significant inhibition in the motility of the CAF monoculture, but not the ECC‑1 monoculture. Moreover, tumor spheroid formation was inhibited due to a reduction in stress fiber formation in ECC‑1 and CAF co‑cultures. Altogether, these findings suggest that the regulation of the RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway is required for CAFs to serve as cellular vehicles in order for EC cells to migrate and form spheroids in a 3D environment.
View Figures
View References

1 

American Cancer Society, . Key statistics for endometrial cancer. Journal. 2018.

2 

World Cancer Research Fund International, . Endometrial cancer (cancer of the lining of the womb) statistics. Journal. 2018.

3 

American Cancer Society, . Cancer facts & figures 2015. https://oralcancerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Us_Cancer_Facts.pdf

4 

Bokhman JV: Two pathogenetic types of endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 15:10–17. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Amant F, Moerman P, Neven P, Timmerman D, Van Limbergen E and Vergote I: Endometrial cancer. Lancet. 366:491–505. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Bansal N, Yendluri V and Wenham RM: The molecular biology of endometrial cancers and the implications for pathogenesis, classification, and targeted therapies. Cancer Control. 16:8–13. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Baiden-Amissah REM, Annibali D, Tuyaerts S and Amant F: Endometrial cancer molecular characterization: The key to identifying high-risk patients and defining guidelines for clinical decision-making? Cancers (Basel). 13:39882021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, ; Kandoth C, Schultz N, Cherniack AD, Akbani R, Liu Y, Shen H, Robertson AG, Pashtan I, Shen R, et al: Integrated genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma. Nature. 497:67–73. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Welch DR and Hurst DR: Defining the hallmarks of metastasis. Cancer Res. 79:3011–3027. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Kurra V, Krajewski KM, Jagannathan J, Giardino A, Berlin S and Ramaiya N: Typical and atypical metastatic sites of recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Imaging. 13:113–122. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Ridley AJ: Rho GTPase signalling in cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 36:103–112. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Goubran HA, Kotb RR, Stakiw J, Emara ME and Burnouf T: Regulation of tumor growth and metastasis: The role of tumor microenvironment. Cancer Growth Metastasis. 7:9–18. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Cirri P and Chiarugi P: Cancer associated fibroblasts: The dark side of the coin. Am J Cancer Res. 1:482–497. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Dvorak HF: Tumors: Wounds that do not heal-redux. Cancer Immunol Res. 3:1–11. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kalluri R and Zeisberg M: Fibroblasts in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 6:392–401. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Subramaniam KS, Tham ST, Mohamed Z, Woo YL, Mat Adenan NA and Chung I: Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote proliferation of endometrial cancer cells. PLoS One. 8:e689232013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Jain P, Worthylake RA and Alahari SK: Quantitative analysis of random migration of cells using time-lapse video microscopy. J Vis Exp. e35852012.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Vega FM, Fruhwirth G, Ng T and Ridley AJ: RhoA and RhoC have distinct roles in migration and invasion by acting through different targets. J Cell Biol. 193:655–665. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Baghban R, Roshangar L, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Jaymand M, Kolahian S, Javaheri T and Zare P: Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance. Cell Commun Signal. 18:592020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Bussard KM, Mutkus L, Stumpf K, Gomez-Manzano C and Marini FC: Tumor-associated stromal cells as key contributors to the tumor microenvironment. Breast Cancer Res. 18:842016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Orimo A, Tomioka Y, Shimizu Y, Sato M, Oigawa S, Kamata K, Nogi Y, Inoue S, Takahashi M, Hata T and Muramatsu M: Cancer-associated myofibroblasts possess various factors to promote endometrial tumor progression. Clin Cancer Res. 7:3097–3105. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Teng F, Tian WY, Wang YM, Zhang YF, Guo F, Zhao J, Gao C and Xue FX: Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote the progression of endometrial cancer via the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. J Hematol Oncol. 9:82016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Neuzillet C, Tijeras-Raballand A, Ragulan C, Cros J, Patil Y, Martinet M, Erkan M, Kleeff J, Wilson J, Apte M, et al: Inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity in cancer-associated fibroblasts of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Pathol. 248:51–65. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Costa A, Kieffer Y, Scholer-Dahirel A, Pelon F, Bourachot B, Cardon M, Sirven P, Magagna I, Fuhrmann L, Bernard C, et al: Fibroblast heterogeneity and immunosuppressive environment in human breast cancer. Cancer Cell. 33:463–479.e10. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Subramaniam KS, Omar IS, Kwong SC, Mohamed Z, Woo YL, Mat Adenan NA and Chung I: Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote endometrial cancer growth via activation of interleukin-6/STAT-3/c-Myc pathway. Am J Cancer Res. 6:200–213. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Arnold JT, Lessey BA, Seppälä M and Kaufman DG: Effect of normal endometrial stroma on growth and differentiation in Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 62:79–88. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Shi M, Zhang H, Li M, Xue J, Fu Y, Yan L and Zhao X: Normal endometrial stromal cells regulate survival and apoptosis signaling through PI3K/AKt/Survivin pathway in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Gynecol Oncol. 123:387–392. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Luo N, Guan Q, Zheng L, Qu X, Dai H and Cheng Z: Estrogen-mediated activation of fibroblasts and its effects on the fibroid cell proliferation. Transl Res. 163:232–241. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Pineda MJ, Lu Z, Cao D and Kim JJ: Influence of cancer-associated endometrial stromal cells on hormone-driven endometrial tumor growth. Horm Cancer. 6:131–141. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Yang B, Chen R, Liang X, Shi J, Wu X, Zhang Z and Chen X: Estrogen enhances endometrial cancer cells proliferation by upregulation of prohibitin. J Cancer. 10:1616–1621. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Kim SA, Lee EK and Kuh HJ: Co-culture of 3D tumor spheroids with fibroblasts as a model for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro. Exp Cell Res. 335:187–196. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Yu Y, Xiao CH, Tan LD, Wang QS, Li XQ and Feng YM: Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells through paracrine TGF-β signalling. Br J Cancer. 110:724–732. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Baulida J: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factors in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Mol Oncol. 11:847–859. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Gaggioli C: Collective invasion of carcinoma cells: When the fibroblasts take the lead. Cell Adh Migr. 2:45–47. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Däster S, Amatruda N, Calabrese D, Ivanek R, Turrini E, Droeser RA, Zajac P, Fimognari C, Spagnoli GC, Iezzi G, et al: Induction of hypoxia and necrosis in multicellular tumor spheroids is associated with resistance to chemotherapy treatment. Oncotarget. 8:1725–1736. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Riffle S and Hegde RS: Modeling tumor cell adaptations to hypoxia in multicellular tumor spheroids. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 36:1022017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Zanoni M, Piccinini F, Arienti C, Zamagni A, Santi S, Polico R, Bevilacqua A and Tesei A: 3D tumor spheroid models for in vitro therapeutic screening: A systematic approach to enhance the biological relevance of data obtained. Sci Rep. 6:191032016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Choe C, Shin YS, Kim SH, Jeon MJ, Choi SJ, Lee J and Kim J: Tumor-stromal interactions with direct cell contacts enhance motility of non-small cell lung cancer cells through the hedgehog signaling pathway. Anticancer Res. 33:3715–3723. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Henriksson ML, Edin S, Dahlin AM, Oldenborg PA, Öberg Å, Van Guelpen B, Rutegård J, Stenling R and Palmqvist R: Colorectal cancer cells activate adjacent fibroblasts resulting in FGF1/FGFR3 signaling and increased invasion. Am J Pathol. 178:1387–1394. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Angelucci C, Lama G, Proietti G, Fabbri C, Masetti R, Sica S and Maulucci G: Breast cancer cells and fibroblasts in co-culture: Reciprocal influences on cell adhesion, membrane fluidity and migration. Ital J Anat Embryol. 116:122011.

42 

Wolf K, Wu YI, Liu Y, Geiger J, Tam E, Overall C, Stack MS and Friedl P: Multi-step pericellular proteolysis controls the transition from individual to collective cancer cell invasion. Nat Cell Biol. 9:893–904. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Djamgoz MB, Coombes RC and Schwab A: Ion transport and cancer: From initiation to metastasis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 369:201300922014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

MacDonald IC, Groom AC and Chambers AF: Cancer spread and micrometastasis development: Quantitative approaches for in vivo models. Bioessays. 24:885–893. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Spiering D and Hodgson L: Dynamics of the Rho-family small GTPases in actin regulation and motility. Cell Adh Migr. 5:170–180. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Liu J, Gao HY and Wang XF: The role of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in inhibiting axonal regeneration in the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res. 10:1892–1896. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Chiba Y, Goto K, Momata M, Kobayashi T and Misawa M: Induction of RhoA gene expression by interleukin-4 in cultured human bronchial smooth muscle cells. J Smooth Muscle Res. 46:217–224. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Chiba Y, Nakazawa S, Todoroki M, Shinozaki K, Sakai H and Misawa M: Interleukin-13 augments bronchial smooth muscle contractility with an up-regulation of RhoA protein. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 40:159–167. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Villar-Cheda B, Dominguez-Meijide A, Joglar B, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Guerra MJ and Labandeira-Garcia JL: Involvement of microglial RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway activation in the dopaminergic neuron death. Role of angiotensin via angiotensin type 1 receptors. Neurobiol Dis. 47:268–279. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Etienne-Manneville S and Hall A: Rho GTPases in cell biology. Nature. 420:629–635. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Yoneda A, Multhaupt HA and Couchman JR: The Rho kinases I and II regulate different aspects of myosin II activity. J Cell Biol. 170:443–453. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Wang Y, Zheng XR, Riddick N, Bryden M, Baur W, Zhang X and Surks HK: ROCK isoform regulation of myosin phosphatase and contractility in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res. 104:531–540. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Matsubara M and Bissell MJ: Inhibitors of Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling revert the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells in 3D context. Oncotarget. 7:31602–31622. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Anderson S, DiCesare L, Tan I, Leung T and SundarRaj N: Rho-mediated assembly of stress fibers is differentially regulated in corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Exp Cell Res. 298:574–583. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Kolega J: Cytoplasmic dynamics of myosin IIA and IIB: Spatial ‘sorting’ of isoforms in locomoting cells. J Cell Sci. 111:2085–2095. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Ishizaki T, Uehata M, Tamechika I, Keel J, Nonomura K, Maekawa M and Narumiya S: Pharmacological properties of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of rho-associated kinases. Mol Pharmacol. 57:976–983. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

57 

Tanihara H, Inoue T, Yamamoto T, Kuwayama Y, Abe H and Araie M; K-115 Clinical Study Group, : Phase 1 clinical trials of a selective Rho kinase inhibitor, K-115. JAMA Ophthalmol. 131:1288–1295. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Okumura N, Kinoshita S and Koizumi N: Application of Rho kinase inhibitors for the treatment of corneal endothelial diseases. J Ophthalmol. 2017:26469042017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Mueller BK, Mack H and Teusch N: Rho kinase, a promising drug target for neurological disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 4:387–398. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Garnock-Jones KP: Ripasudil: First global approval. Drugs. 74:2211–2215. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Gaggioli C, Hooper S, Hidalgo-Carcedo C, Grosse R, Marshall JF, Harrington K and Sahai E: Fibroblast-led collective invasion of carcinoma cells with differing roles for RhoGTPases in leading and following cells. Nat Cell Biol. 9:1392–1400. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Cantelli G, Bruce F and Sanz-Moreno V: Rho, ROCK and actomyosin contractility in metastasis as drug targets. F1000Res 5 (F1000 Faculty Rev). 7832016. View Article : Google Scholar

63 

Liu S, Goldstein RH, Scepansky EM and Rosenblatt M: Inhibition of rho-associated kinase signaling prevents breast cancer metastasis to human bone. Cancer Res. 69:8742–8751. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Voon YC, Omar IS, Wu M, Said NA and Chung I: Cancer‑associated fibroblasts as cellular vehicles in endometrial cancer cell migration. Oncol Lett 23: 3, 2022.
APA
Voon, Y.C., Omar, I.S., Wu, M., Said, N.A., & Chung, I. (2022). Cancer‑associated fibroblasts as cellular vehicles in endometrial cancer cell migration. Oncology Letters, 23, 3. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.13121
MLA
Voon, Y. C., Omar, I. S., Wu, M., Said, N. A., Chung, I."Cancer‑associated fibroblasts as cellular vehicles in endometrial cancer cell migration". Oncology Letters 23.1 (2022): 3.
Chicago
Voon, Y. C., Omar, I. S., Wu, M., Said, N. A., Chung, I."Cancer‑associated fibroblasts as cellular vehicles in endometrial cancer cell migration". Oncology Letters 23, no. 1 (2022): 3. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.13121
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Voon YC, Omar IS, Wu M, Said NA and Chung I: Cancer‑associated fibroblasts as cellular vehicles in endometrial cancer cell migration. Oncol Lett 23: 3, 2022.
APA
Voon, Y.C., Omar, I.S., Wu, M., Said, N.A., & Chung, I. (2022). Cancer‑associated fibroblasts as cellular vehicles in endometrial cancer cell migration. Oncology Letters, 23, 3. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.13121
MLA
Voon, Y. C., Omar, I. S., Wu, M., Said, N. A., Chung, I."Cancer‑associated fibroblasts as cellular vehicles in endometrial cancer cell migration". Oncology Letters 23.1 (2022): 3.
Chicago
Voon, Y. C., Omar, I. S., Wu, M., Said, N. A., Chung, I."Cancer‑associated fibroblasts as cellular vehicles in endometrial cancer cell migration". Oncology Letters 23, no. 1 (2022): 3. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.13121
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team