Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
October-2022 Volume 24 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2022 Volume 24 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article

S‑phase fraction, lymph node status and disease staging as the main prognostic factors to differentiate between young and older patients with invasive breast carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • António E. Pinto
    • João Matos
    • Teresa Pereira
    • Giovani L. Silva
    • Saudade André
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Lisbon, 1099‑023 Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Mathematics, Higher Technical Institute, University of Lisbon, 1049‑001 Lisbon, Portugal
  • Article Number: 329
    |
    Published online on: August 4, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13449
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The influence of age on the outcome of patients with invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) has not yet been fully established. The present study investigated two subgroups of patients either side of the age spectrum, and evaluated cytometric, histopathological and molecular characteristics. The series involved 219 patients with IBC that had long‑term follow‑up, which were divided into two subgroups: Young (≤45 years; n=103) and old patients (≥75 years; n=116). Immunohistochemical evaluation of hormonal receptors, Ki67 index and HER2 status (plus HER2 silver in situ hybridization in equivocal cases) were used as the basis for surrogate molecular subtyping. Ploidy and S‑phase fraction (SPF) were analysed by DNA flow cytometry. Differences between the subgroups' characteristics were assessed by the two proportion Z test. Kaplan‑Meier estimation and log‑rank test were applied for survival analyses. The median age in the subgroups were 40 years (range, 19‑45 years) in the young group and 78 years (range, 75‑91 years) in the older subgroup. Young patients exhibited higher lymph node involvement, more advanced disease staging, higher SPF tumour proliferative activity, and a trend of lower incidence of Luminal A and higher incidence of Luminal B tumours. The median SPF value was significantly higher in young patients [7.1% (range, 1.5‑23.7%) vs. 4.5% (range, 0.7‑26.4%)], whereas the ploidy pattern showed no significant difference. In the whole series, as within IBC of no special type, young patients had a higher rate of recurrence (46.6 vs. 22.4%; P<0.001) and deaths from disease (35.9 vs. 20.7%; P=0.030), with a statistically significant difference for disease‑free survival. In conclusion, the present study indicated that young patients with IBC exhibited more aggressive disease, with an increased risk of recurrence and shorter disease‑free survival. SPF, lymph node status and staging appeared to be the main prognostic factors to differentiate young from older patients with IBC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

DeSantis C, Ma J, Bryan L and Jemal A: Breast cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin. 64:52–62. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/European Union, Health at a Glance, . Europe 2020: State of Health in the EU Cycle. OECD Publishing; Paris: 2020

3 

Gabriel CA and Domchek SM: Breast cancer in young women. Breast Cancer Res. 12:2122010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Beadle BM, Woodward WA and Buchholz TA: The impact of age on outcome in early-stage breast cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol. 21:26–34. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Liedtke C, Rody A, Gluz O, Baumann K, Beyer D, Kohls EB, Lausen K, Hanker L, Holtrich U, Becker S and Karn T: The prognostic impact of age in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 152:667–673. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Zhong W, Tan L, Jiang WG, Chen K, You N, Sanders AJ, Liang G, Liu Z, Ling Y and Gong C: Effect of younger age on survival outcomes in T1N0M0 breast cancer: A propensity score matching analysis. J Surg Oncol. 119:1039–1046. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Keegan TH, DeRouen MC, Press DJ, Kurian AW and Clarke CA: Occurrence of breast cancer subtypes in adolescent and young adult women. Breast Cancer Res. 14:R552012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Partridge AH, Hughes ME, Warner ET, Ottesen RA, Wong YN, Edge SB, Theriault RL, Blayney DW, Niland JC, Winer EP, et al: Subtype-dependent relationship between young age at diagnosis and breast cancer survival. J Clin Oncol. 34:3308–3314. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Paluch-Shimon S, Pagani O, Partridge AH, Abulkhair O, Cardoso MJ, Dent RA, Gelmon K, Gentilini O, Harbeck N, Margulies A, et al: ESO-ESMO 3rd international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY3). Breast. 35:203–217. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Diab SG, Elledge RM and Clark GM: Tumor characteristics and clinical outcome of elderly women with breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 92:550–556. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Pinto AE, André S and Soares J: Short term significance of DNA ploidy and cell proliferation in breast carcinoma: A multivariate analysis of prognostic markers in a series of 308 patients. J Clin Pathol. 52:604–611. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Pinto AE, Pereira T, Santos M, Branco M, Dias A, Silva GL, Ferreira MC and André S: DNA ploidy is an independent predictor of survival in breast invasive ductal carcinoma: A long-term multivariate analysis of 393 patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 20:1530–1537. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Pinto AE, Pereira T, Silva GL and André S: Prognostic relevance of DNA flow cytometry in breast cancer revisited: The 25-year experience of the Portuguese institute of oncology of Lisbon. Oncol Lett. 13:2027–2033. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, . Breast Tumours. WHO Classification of Tumour Series. 5th edition. Vol 2. International Agency for Research on Cancer; Lyon: 2019

15 

Elston CW and Ellis IO: Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: Experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology. 19:403–410. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Goldhirsch A, Winer EP, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Piccart-Gebhart M, Thürlimann B and Senn HJ; Panel members, : Personalizing the treatment of women with early breast cancer: Highlights of the st gallen international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2013. Ann Oncol. 24:2206–2223. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Wolff AC, Hammond MEH, Allison KH, Harvey BE, Mangu PB, Bartlett JMS, Bilous M, Ellis IO, Fitzgibbons P, Hanna W, et al: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: American society of clinical oncology/college of american pathologists clinical practice guideline focused update. J Clin Oncol. 36:2105–2122. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Ahn S, Woo JW, Lee K and Park SY: HER2 status in breast cancer: Changes in guidelines and complicating factors for interpretation. J Pathol Transl Med. 54:34–44. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Deitch AD, Law H and White RD: A stable propidium iodide staining procedure for flow cytometry. J Histochem Cytochem. 30:967–972. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Dean PN and Jett JH: Mathematical analysis of DNA distributions derived from flow microfluorometry. J Cell Biol. 60:523–527. 1974. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Corder GW and Foreman DI: Nonparametric statistics: A step-by-step approach. 2nd edition. Wiley; Hoboken, NJ: 2014

22 

Perou CM, Sørlie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Rees CA, Pollack JR, Ross DT, Johnsen H, Akslen LA, et al: Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 406:747–752. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Desmedt C, Haibe-Kains B, Wirapati P, Buyse M, Larsimont D, Bontempi G, Delorenzi M, Piccart M and Sotiriou C: Biological processes associated with breast cancer clinical outcome depend on the molecular subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 14:5158–5165. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Zavagno G, Meggiolaro F, Pluchinotta A, Bozza F, Favretti F, Marconato R, Geraci G, Nistri R, Fontana P, Sorrentino P, et al: Influence of age and menopausal status on pathologic and biologic features of breast cancer. Breast. 9:320–328. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Karihtala P, Jääskeläinen A, Roininen N and Jukkola A: Real-world, single-centre prospective data of age at breast cancer onset: Focus on survival and reproductive history. BMJ Open. 11:e0417062021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Azim HA Jr, Nguyen B, Brohée S, Zoppoli G and Sotiriou C: Genomic aberrations in young and elderly breast cancer patients. BMC Med. 13:2662015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Anders CK, Hsu DS, Broadwater G, Acharya CR, Foekens JA, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Marcom PK, Marks JR, Febbo PG, et al: Young age at diagnosis correlates with worse prognosis and defines a subset of breast cancers with shared patterns of gene expression. J Clin Oncol. 26:3324–3330. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Zingh R, Hellman S and Heimann R: The natural history of breast carcinoma in the elderly: Implications for screening and treatment. Cancer. 100:1807–1813. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Avci O, Tacar SY, Seber ES and Yetisyigit T: Breast cancer in young and very young women; Is age related to outcome? J Cancer Res Ther. 17:1322–1327. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Assi HA, Khoury KE, Dbouk H, Khalil LE, Mouhieddine TH and El Saghir NS: Epidemiology and prognosis of breast cancer in young women. J Thorac Dis. 5:S2–S8. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Sheridan W, Scott T, Caroline S, Yvonne Z, Vanessa B, David V, Karen G and Stephen C: Breast cancer in young women: have the prognostic implications of breast cancer subtypes changed over time? Breast Cancer Res Treat. 147:617–629. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Van Herck Y, Feyaerts A, Alibhai S, Papamichael D, Decoster L, Lambrechts Y, Pinchuk M, Bechter O, Herrera-Caceres J, Bibeau F, et al: Is cancer biology different in older patients? Lancet Healthy Longev. 2:e663–e677. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Wang MX, Ren JT, Tang LY and Ren ZF: Molecular features in young vs elderly breast cancer patients and the impacts on survival disparities by age at diagnosis. Cancer Med. 7:3269–3277. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Collins LC, Marotti JD, Gelber S, Cole K, Ruddy K, Kereakoglow S, Brachtel EF, Schapira L, Come SE, Winer EP and Partridge AH: Pathologic features and molecular phenotype by patient age in a large cohort of young women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 131:1061–1066. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Lodi M, Scheer L, Reix N, Heitz D, Carin AJ, Thiébaut N, Neuberger K, Tomasetto C and Mathelin C: Breast cancer in elderly women and altered clinico-pathological characteristics: A systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 166:657–668. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Kim HJ, Kim S, Freedman RA and Partridge AH: The impact of young age at diagnosis (age <40 years) on prognosis varies by breast cancer subtype: A U S. SEER database analysis. Breast. 61:77–83. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Massafra R, Bove S, La Forgia D, Comes MC, Didonna V, Gatta G, Giotta F, Latorre A, Nardone A, Palmiotti G, et al: An invasive disease event-free survival analysis to investigate Ki67 role with respect to breast cancer patients' age: A retrospective cohort study. Cancers (Basel). 14:22152022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Pinto AE, André S, Pereira T, Nóbrega S and Soares J: Prognostic comparative study of S-phase fraction and Ki67 index in breast carcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 54:543–549. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Callaghan KA, Becker TE, Ellsworth DL, Hooke JA, Ellsworth RE and Shriver CD: Genomic instability and the development of metastatic lymph node tumors. Ann Surg Oncol. 14:3125–3132. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Lischka A, Doberstein N, Freitag-Wolf S, Koçak A, Gemoll T, Heselmeyer-Haddad K, Ried T, Auer G and Habermann JK: Genome instability profiles predict disease outcome in a cohort of 4,003 breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 26:4606–4615. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Shackney SE, Smith CA, Miller BW, Burholt DR, Murtha K, Giles HR, Ketterer DM and Pollice AA: Model for the genetic evolution of human solid tumors. Cancer Res. 49:3344–3354. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Sennerstam RB and Strömberg JO: Young breast cancer patients aged <40 years and tumor DNA ploidy progression. Anal Quant Cytopathol Histopathol. 39:57–68. 2017.

43 

Chatsirisupachai K, Lesluyes T, Paraoan L, Van Loo P and de Magalhães JP: An integrative analysis of the age-associated multi-omic landscape across cancers. Nat Commun. 12:23452021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Pinto AE, Matos J, Pereira T, Silva GL and André S: S‑phase fraction, lymph node status and disease staging as the main prognostic factors to differentiate between young and older patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Oncol Lett 24: 329, 2022.
APA
Pinto, A.E., Matos, J., Pereira, T., Silva, G.L., & André, S. (2022). S‑phase fraction, lymph node status and disease staging as the main prognostic factors to differentiate between young and older patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 24, 329. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13449
MLA
Pinto, A. E., Matos, J., Pereira, T., Silva, G. L., André, S."S‑phase fraction, lymph node status and disease staging as the main prognostic factors to differentiate between young and older patients with invasive breast carcinoma". Oncology Letters 24.4 (2022): 329.
Chicago
Pinto, A. E., Matos, J., Pereira, T., Silva, G. L., André, S."S‑phase fraction, lymph node status and disease staging as the main prognostic factors to differentiate between young and older patients with invasive breast carcinoma". Oncology Letters 24, no. 4 (2022): 329. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13449
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Pinto AE, Matos J, Pereira T, Silva GL and André S: S‑phase fraction, lymph node status and disease staging as the main prognostic factors to differentiate between young and older patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Oncol Lett 24: 329, 2022.
APA
Pinto, A.E., Matos, J., Pereira, T., Silva, G.L., & André, S. (2022). S‑phase fraction, lymph node status and disease staging as the main prognostic factors to differentiate between young and older patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 24, 329. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13449
MLA
Pinto, A. E., Matos, J., Pereira, T., Silva, G. L., André, S."S‑phase fraction, lymph node status and disease staging as the main prognostic factors to differentiate between young and older patients with invasive breast carcinoma". Oncology Letters 24.4 (2022): 329.
Chicago
Pinto, A. E., Matos, J., Pereira, T., Silva, G. L., André, S."S‑phase fraction, lymph node status and disease staging as the main prognostic factors to differentiate between young and older patients with invasive breast carcinoma". Oncology Letters 24, no. 4 (2022): 329. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13449
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team