Open Access

Craniopharyngioma resection and aneurysm clipping performed simultaneously by pure endoscopic endonasal approach: A case report and literature review

  • Authors:
    • Mingchao Zhang
    • Jian Wen Liao
    • Jingyang Chi
    • Huan Yu
    • Jianmin Kang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: August 22, 2022     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13472
  • Article Number: 352
  • Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

Craniopharyngioma is one of the most challenging issues for neurosurgeons as a brain tumor. Among the approaches of neurosurgery, in comparison to craniotomy, the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has risen in popularity over the last two decades; unruptured intracranial aneurysms are relatively commonly found in the general population. The EEA as a new paradigm in the treatment of aneurysm has been reported to successfully clip dozens of cases of intracranial aneurysm. However, when reviewing the domestic and foreign literature, it appeared that cases of craniopharyngioma complicated with intracranial aneurysm purely treated by EEA have not been reported so far. In the present study, the published literature regarding endoscopic endonasal surgery for craniopharyngioma and intracranial aneurysms was reviewed, accompanied with a case of craniopharyngioma complicated with intracranial aneurysm, both of which were simultaneously treated by EEA.

Introduction

Craniopharyngioma is a common benign tumor type of the central nervous system. It accounts for 3% of total tumors and 4% of cranial tumors in children (1); however, the co-occurrence of craniopharyngioma and intracranial aneurysm is rarely reported. Fusiform dilation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) following resection of craniopharyngioma has been reported previously, but it has been suggested to occur as a result of surgical manipulation (2). For the first time, intracranial aneurysms were described to be associated to a certain extent with craniopharyngioma by Shida et al (3). In 2013, Takeuchi et al (4) present a case of anterior cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm associated with craniopharyngioma and discussed the relationship between these two lesions, but they did not perform any treatment of the craniopharyngioma. However, to the best of our knowledge, the treatment of both of the co-occurrence lesions purely by endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) simultaneously has not been reported so far (search strategy shown as Data S1).

Case report

A 62-year-old female was admitted to Huanhu Hospital (Tianjin, China) in August 2021. The patient had been diagnosed with intracranial space-occupying lesions 2 years previously with occasional double vision and had recently developed a headache, which was getting worse. Neurological examination of the patient revealed partial temporal visual field defects in both eyes. CT scan indicated a space-occupying lesion in the anterior tri-ventricle (Fig. 1), and together with the MRI findings (Fig. 2), a diagnosis of craniopharyngioma was determined. Specifically, on MRI, the tumor was irregularly defined, with a cyst-solid intra- and suprasellar cystic lesion expansively growing into the third ventricle, and indicated to be isointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2. The optic nerve, optic chiasma and pituitary stalk were obviously displaced under compression. Enhancement was inhomogeneous and the imaging specialist diagnosed craniopharyngioma empirically. CT angiography (CTA) was routinely scheduled for the patient, which revealed a 6.0×6.0×5.0 mm aneurysm originating at the C5 segment of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) (Fig. 3A). For further confirmation, digital subtraction angiography was performed, based on which the presence of the aneurysm was confirmed (Fig. 3B-D). After sufficient preoperative preparation, endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal tumor resection and aneurysm clipping were carried out. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of the study.

After the general anesthesia accompanied by intravenous infusion of third-generation cephalosporins, the patient was placed in the supine position with the head elevated at 20° and slightly tilted to the operator's side. Following routine facial disinfection with chlorhexidine, the nasal cavity was disinfected with iodophor cotton balls and then filled with absorbent cotton soaked with epinephrine to facilitate its mucosal vasoconstriction, thus reducing intraoperative bleeding. A Karl Storz endoscope was adopted with 0 and 30° lenses, equipped with an image 1HUB HD camera (Karl Storz SE & Co. KG). A bilateral nasal access was applied but the surgical approach was with a predominantly right-sided nasal access. The endoscope with a 0° lens was inserted into the right nostril to determine the middle turbinate and middle nasal meatus, and followed the middle nasal meatus inward to localize the aperture of the sphenoidal sinus above the root of the middle turbinate at the junction with the nasal septum, and then a standard nasoseptal flap was prepared (the upper edge was kept 1 cm away from the olfactory fissure, avoiding to affect the sense of smell).

Special attention should be paid to the sphenopalatine artery or its branches in order to preserve the irrigation of the nasoseptal flap. The anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus was removed by a grinding drill or biting forceps. For a smooth operation, the posterior wall of the pterygoid sinus, also known as the saddle base, was required to be adequately exposed. The following anatomical landmarks were identified: The planum sphenoidale, tuberculum sellae, both optic nerve protuberance, medial and lateral optic-carotid recess, floor of the sella turcica, clivus and inferior margin of the sphenoid sinus, cavernous segment of ICA and clinoidal carotid artery protuberance. The enlarged posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus was obviously exposed and then removed. The dura was then prepared for incision and the dura was then incised around the optic chiasm in an I-beam pattern after satisfactory dural hemostasis by bipolar electrocoagulation. After dissection of the arachnoid, the tumor process was fully removed (Fig. 4).

The next step was to examine the aneurysm (Fig. 5), for which the dura at the right optic-carotid recess was initially gradually incised and the distal and proximal rings of the right ICA were then further opened, so as to clearly expose the C5 segment of the right ICA and the C4-C5 transition, thus obtaining manipulation of the ICA proximal to the aneurysm. It was further indicated that the apex of the aneurysm was medially oriented and was in close proximity to the optic nerve; the adherent arachnoid was gradually separated by a microdebrider and the aneurysm dome and the aneurysm neck were then carefully freed. The visualization and control of the aneurysm were robust and a simulation of the application of a test clip confirmed the possibility of safe clipping. The aneurysm was initially clipped with one straight FT 720 T Yaşargil clip (B. Braun Melsungen AG); however, a small amount of bleeding from the aneurysm appeared during the clamping process. The C4 segment of the ICA was temporarily blocked with an aneurysm clip applied for additional clamping, then the aneurysm was perfectly clamped without bleeding (Fig. 6). Finally, the fascia lata of the thigh with adipose tissue was excised and the skull base was repaired with a combined artificial dural patch and nasoseptal flap (5).

During the postoperative treatment, the patient did not report any symptoms of intracranial infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, serious water and electrolyte metabolic disorders or ischemic symptoms of cerebral tissue. A transient urinary collapse was reported, which was relieved after symptomatic treatment with desmopressin tablets. Finally, the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma was confirmed by pathology (Fig. 7) and a postoperative enhanced MRI indicated the complete tumor resection (Fig. 8). Furthermore, CTA indicated complete aneurysm clamping without any residual aneurysm (Fig. 9). Nasal endoscopic examination 2 weeks after the surgery indicated a stable saddle base restoration with abundant blood flow in the nasal mucosal flap. The patient was discharged from the hospital without any neurological deficiency. The patient did not receive any radiotherapy or chemotherapy after surgery, and no tumor recurrence was observed at the follow-up until now.

Discussion

Craniopharyngioma as a benign tumor type arising from the epithelial remnants of Rathke's pouch, commonly presenting in children with non-specific symptoms, accounting for 3% of total tumors and 4% of cranial tumors in children, with an annual incidence of 0.05-0.20 per 100,000 individuals (1,6,7). Unruptured intracranial aneurysms are relatively common in the general population, with a prevalence of 3.2% (8). With the popularity and application of non-invasive imaging technology for intracranial vessels, the diagnosis of unruptured intracranial aneurysms is made with increasing frequency. However, to the best of our knowledge, the probability of simultaneous occurrence of craniopharyngioma and intracranial aneurysm is rather low, and there is a lack of related literature reporting whether craniopharyngioma has a role in the occurrence of intracranial aneurysm. Shida et al (3) argued that craniopharyngioma typically invades the brain, eliciting anaplastic transformations and an intense glial reaction in subjacent brain and vascular structures, thus contributing to the development of aneurysm; however, the hypothesis has also been put forward that the craniopharyngioma itself or cyst rupture produces chemicals that induce asymptomatic chemical meningitis, resulting in degeneration of the vessel wall and development of the dissecting aneurysm (4). However, in any case, scientific and uniform evidence is still lacking to sufficiently explain the relationship between craniopharyngioma and aneurysm occurrence. For selecting the optimal surgical approach, craniopharyngiomas may be generally classified into the following four subtypes: Intrasellar, intrasuprasellar, suprasellar and intra-third ventricle (9). Due to its close reach to hypothalamus, pituitary gland, optic nerve and carotid artery, or other crucial nerve vessels, it is difficult to be completely removed, carrying a significant risk for recurrence and postoperative morbidity despite the general postoperative radiotherapy. The patient's tumor was completely removed. The team of clinicians suggested that radiotherapy should be decided at the follow-up of 3 months according to the results of the review. and in consideration of the wishes of the patient and the patient's family, the patient did not receive radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Transcranial approaches have always served as the main treatment for craniopharyngioma. In recent years, with the development of endoscope equipment and the enhancement of surgical techniques, the EEA has been widely adopted in the treatment of craniopharyngioma (10,11), despite its unique disadvantages, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and high incidence of intracranial infection, as well as the requirement of a nasal septum mucosal flap to repair the skull base and lumbar cisterna drainage to reduce the postoperative CSF leak, it has increased in popularity all over the world (12). Microsurgical clipping and endovascular coiling have always been adopted as the two main treatments for aneurysms (13). The pace of the progress in neurosurgeons' treatment and technological innovation for aneurysms have never stopped. EEA is a contributing technique for midline lesions of the skull base; however, to the best of our knowledge, only dozens of cases of intracranial aneurysm clipped by intranasal endoscopy have been reported so far (14,15) (Table I). As early as 2006, Kassam et al (16) successfully treated an intracranial aneurysm using an expanded EEA. Back in 2011, Fischer et al (17) reported that endoscopic enhancement of the visual field provided by the endoscope prior to, during and after microsurgical aneurysm occlusion may serve as a safe and effective application to increase the quality of treatment. In 2015, Gardner et al (18) reported a series of patients undergoing EEA for microsurgical clipping of intracranial aneurysm. In 2018, EEA clipping in 7 patients with 12 anterior circulatory aneurysms was reported by the group of Professor Hong Tao of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (Nanchang, China) (15). However, craniopharyngioma complicated with aneurysm has been rather rarely reported and no previous case of craniopharyngioma complicated with intracranial aneurysm purely treated by EEA has been reported at once so far, to the best of our knowledge. The present case was the first in which the patient was admitted for a craniopharyngioma and prepared for endoscopic resection according to the established treatment plan; however, the presence of aneurysm was incidentally discovered during the preoperative examination. The considerations for simultaneous treatment of the two lesions under pure endoscopy were as follows: First, the aneurysm was located in the deep C5 segment of the ICA and preoperative cerebral angiography indicated that the tip of the aneurysm was facing medially; thus, it was difficult to maximize the exposure of the lesion, which, however, was resolved by adopting an endoscopic approach, which provided excellent access. Furthermore, the craniopharyngioma is mostly located in the anterior tri-ventricle, which is not contraindicated for the EEA according to the ‘Kassam type’ (19). Finally, it was a wide-necked aneurysm with the size of 6.0×6.0×5.0 mm; if adopting an interventional method, endovascular stent placement may be required for auxiliary embolization, which means the patient requires to take oral antiplatelet drugs after the interventional procedure, resulting in the impossibility to perform tumor resection in a short time, thus missing the best time for tumor treatment. The anatomical exposure technique of the cavernous sinus segment of the ICA under endoscopy is sophisticated but is feasible to perform by a skilled surgeon, so it was possible to confidently perform proximal flow control of the aneurysm without any significant risk of serious adverse effects such as intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative cerebral infarction. Ultimately, in the present study, two lesions were successfully managed in one operation, which also further demonstrated that skull base lesions (tumor or vascular disorders) located in the midline area may be completely resolved by transnasal endoscopic surgery, depending on an adequate preoperative evaluation. However, this requires skilled neuro-endoscopic surgical experience and extensive knowledge of endoscopic anatomy, as well as advanced endoscopic surgical equipment and perfect teamwork. There is still a long way to go before the indications and contraindications of the procedure are fully demonstrated and the technique is widely used.

Table I.

Summary of previously published cases of aneurysm clipped via the endonasal approach.

Table I.

Summary of previously published cases of aneurysm clipped via the endonasal approach.

Author (year)Patient age, sexClinical presentationLocation/size, mmComplicationsOutcome(Refs.)
Kassam (2006)51, FFocal deficitVerteb/11NoneComplete recovery16
Kassam (2007)56, FIncidental findingSup Hyp/5NoneComplete recovery20
Masahiko (2007)58, FIncidental findingAcom/n.aNoneComplete recovery21
Ensenat (2015)74, FSAHPICA/1.2CSF LeakComplete recovery22
Froelich S (2011)55, MIncidental findingAcom/7NoneComplete recovery23
Germanwala (2011)42, FSAHOphth/5Paracl/10NoneComplete recovery24
Drazin (2012)59, FSAHBas.Tr/4NoneRepeat surgery for reclipping25
Dehdashti A R (2015)42, FSAHBas.Ap/10NoneEndovascular coiling for residual neck26
Dehdashti A R (2015)70, FSAHBas.Ap/5Lacunar strokeNeurological disability26
Dehdashti A R (2015)35, MFocal deficitsPCA/9.4Stroke CSF leak MeningitisNeurological disability26
Dehdashti A R (2015)50, MSAHBas.Tr/9NoneComplete recovery26
Gardner (2015)42, FIncidental findingOphth/3.5NoneComplete recovery18
Gardner (2015)74, MCN palsyPCA/19CSF leakMild disability18
Meningitis
Lacunar stroke
Gardner (2015)43, FIncidental findingSup Hyp/5CSF leakComplete recovery18
Gardner (2015)47, FIncidental findingBas.Ap/9Lacunar strokeComplete recovery18
Gardner (2015)45, MVision loss hypopituitarismOphth/giant Ophth/5NoneComplete recovery18
Gardner (2015)73, FIncidental findingOphth/6CSF leak MeningitisComplete recovery18
Gardner (2015)45, FSAHOphth/7NoneComplete recovery18
Gardner (2015)34, FIncidental findingOphth/4NoneComplete recovery18
Gardner (2015)55, FIncidental findingSup.Hyp/NANoneComplete recovery18
Gardner (2015)42, FIncidental findingSup.Hyp/NANoneComplete recovery18
Yildirim (2015)72, FIncidental findingAcom/NANoneComplete recovery27
Xiao (2018)42, MSAHAcom/7.2NoneComplete recovery15
Xiao (2018)63, FIncidental finding R.para/13.3a L.para/7.2 Acom/3.1NoneEndovascular coiling of the right large paraclinoid aneurysm15
Xiao (2018)61, FIncidental finding L.cav-ICA/7.9a R.par/10NoneComplete recovery15
Xiao (2018)52, MIncidental findingAcom.an/3.5NoneComplete recovery15
Xiao (2018)50, MIncidental findingAcom/5.7NoneComplete recovery15
Xiao (2018)45, FIncidental findingAcom/2.8NoneComplete recovery15
Xiao (2018)47, FIncidental findingL.para/4.2 L.oph/2.2L. cav-ICA/2.4aNoneComplete recovery15
Present case62, FDouble vision; headacheR.C5-ICA (R.para)Transient urinary collapseComplete recovery/

a Indicated aneurysm was not clipped. F, female; M, male; R, right; L, left; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; Acom, anterior communicating aneurysm; para, paraclinoid aneurysm; oph, ophthalmic aneurysm; cav-ICA, cavernous segment of ICA; Verteb, vertebral artery; BS, brain stem; Endovasc, endovascular; Sup Hyp, superior hypophyseal artery; S.medial, supero-medial; P.medial, postero-medial; Bas. Tr, basilar trunk; Bas. Ap, basilar apex; CN, cranial nerve; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; I.medial, infero-medial; NA, not available; ICA, internal carotid artery; PICA, posterior inferior cerebellar artery.

Supplementary Material

Supporting Data

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Funding

Funding: No funding was received.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Authors' contributions

The patient's surgery was performed by JYC and JMK. MCZ, JWL, JYC, HY and JM were involved in manuscript preparation and in data interpretation. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. JWL and HY confirm the authenticity of all the raw data.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Patient consent for publication

Informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of the study.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

References

1 

Erfurth EM, Holmer H and Fjalldal SB: Mortality and morbidity in adult craniopharyngioma. Pituitary. 16:46–55. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Sutton LN, Gusnard D, Bruce DA, Fried A, Packer RJ and Zimmerman RA: Fusiform dilatations of the carotid artery following radical surgery of childhood craniopharyngiomas. J Neurosurg. 74:695–700. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Shida N, Nakasato N, Mizoi K, Kanaki M and Yoshimoto T: Symptomatic vessel narrowing caused by spontaneous rupture of craniopharyngioma cyst-case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 38:666–668. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Takeuchi S, Wada K, Sakakibara F, Nawashiro H and Mori K: Anterior cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm associated with untreated craniopharyngioma. Br J Neurosurg. 27:102–104. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Conger A, Zhao F, Wang X, Eisenberg A, Griffiths C, Esposito F, Carrau RL, Barkhoudarian G and Kelly DF: Evolution of the graded repair of CSF leaks and skull base defects in endonasal endoscopic tumor surgery: Trends in repair failure and meningitis rates in 509 patients. J Neurosurg. 130:861–875. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Farah P, Ondracek A, Chen Y, Wolinsky Y, Stroup NE, Kruchko C and Barnholtz-Sloan JS: CBTRUS statistical report: Primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2006–2010. Neuro Oncol. 15 (Suppl 2):ii1–ii56. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Gupta S, Bi WL, Giantini Larsen A, Al-Abdulmohsen S, Abedalthagafi M and Dunn IF: Craniopharyngioma: A roadmap for scientific translation. Neurosurg Focus. 44:E122018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Bunin GR, Surawicz TS, Witman PA, Preston-Martin S, Davis F and Bruner JM: The Descriptive epidemiology of craniopharyngioma. Neurosurg Focus. 3:e11997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Lei C, Chuzhong L, Chunhui L, Peng Z, Jiwei B, Xinsheng W, Yazhuo Z and Songbai G: Approach selection and outcomes of craniopharyngioma resection: A single-institute study. Neurosurg Rev. 44:1737–1746. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Qiao N: Endocrine outcomes of endoscopic versus transcranial resection of craniopharyngiomas: A system review and meta-analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 169:107–115. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Algattas H, Setty P, Goldschmidt E, Wang EW, Tyler-Kabara EC, Snyderman CH and Gardner PA: EEndoscopic endonasal approach for craniopharyngiomas with intraventricular extension: Case series, long-term outcomes, and review. World Neurosurgery. 144:e447–e459. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zwagerman NT, Wang EW, Shin SS, Chang YF, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Snyderman CH and Gardner PA: Does lumbar drainage reduce postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery? A prospective, randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg. Oct 1–2018.doi: 10.3171/2018.4.JNS172447 (Epub Ahead of Print).

13 

Weir B: Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A review. J Neurosurg. 96:3–42. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Martinez-Perez R, Hardesty DA, Silveira-Bertazzo G, Albonette-Felicio T, Carrau RL and Prevedello DM: Safety and effectiveness of endoscopic endonasal intracranial aneurysm clipping: A systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 44:889–896. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Xiao LM, Tang B, Xie SH, Huang GL, Wang ZG, Zeng EM and Hong T: Endoscopic endonasal clipping of anterior circulation aneurysm: Surgical techniques and results. World Neurosurg. 115:e33–e44. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Kassam AB, Mintz AH, Gardner PA, Horowitz MB, Carrau RL and Snyderman CH: The expanded endonasal approach for an endoscopic transnasal clipping and aneurysmorrhaphy of a large vertebral artery aneurysm: Technical case report. Neurosurgery. 59 (1 Suppl 1):ONSE162–ONSE165. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Fischer G, Oertel J and Perneczky A: Endoscopy in aneurysm surgery. Neurosurgery. 70:1842011.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Gardner PA, Vaz-Guimaraes F, Jankowitz B, Koutourousiou M, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Wang EW and Snyderman CH: Endoscopic endonasal clipping of intracranial aneurysms: Surgical technique and results. World Neurosurg. 84:1380–1393. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Hardesty DA, Montaser AS, Beer-Furlan A, Carrau RL and Prevedello DM: Limits of endoscopic endonasal surgery for III ventricle craniopharyngiomas. J Neurosurg Sci. 62:310–321. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kassam AB, Thomas AJ, Zimmer LA, Snyderman CH, Carrau RL, Mintz A and Horowitz M: Expanded endonasal approach: A fully endoscopic completely transnasal resection of a skull base arteriovenous malformation. Childs Nerv Syst. 23:491–498. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Masahiko K and Mamoru T: Extended transsphenoidal approach to anterior communicating artery aneurysm: Aneurysm incidentally identified during macroadenoma resection: Technical case report. Neurosurgery. 61 (5 Suppl 2):E299–E300. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Enseñat J, d'Avella E, Tercero A, Valero R and Alobid I: Endoscopic endonasal surgery for a mesencephalic cavernoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 157:53–55. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Froelich S, Cebula H, Debry C and Boyer P: Anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipped via an endoscopic endonasal approach: Technical note. Neurosurgery. 68 (2 Suppl Operative):S310–S316. 2011.

24 

Germanwala AV and Zanation AM: Endoscopic endonasal approach for clipping of ruptured and unruptured paraclinoid cerebral aneurysms: Case report. Neurosurgery. 68 (1 Suppl Operative):S234–S240. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Drazin D, Zhuang L, Schievink WI and Mamelak AN: Expanded endonasal approach for the clipping of a ruptured basilar aneurysm and feeding artery to a cerebellar arteriovenous malformation. J Clin Neurosci. 19:144–148. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Dehdashti AR: Extended endoscopic endonasal transclival clipping of posterior circulation aneurysms-an alternative to the transcranial approach. Acta Neurochirurgica. 157:2087–2088. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Yildirim AE, Divanlioglu D, Karaoglu D, Cetinalp NE and Belen AD: Pure endoscopic endonasal clipping of an incidental anterior communicating artery aneurysm. J Craniofac Surg. 26:1378–1381. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

Journal Cover

October-2022
Volume 24 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang M, Liao JW, Chi J, Yu H and Kang J: Craniopharyngioma resection and aneurysm clipping performed simultaneously by pure endoscopic endonasal approach: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 24: 352, 2022
APA
Zhang, M., Liao, J.W., Chi, J., Yu, H., & Kang, J. (2022). Craniopharyngioma resection and aneurysm clipping performed simultaneously by pure endoscopic endonasal approach: A case report and literature review. Oncology Letters, 24, 352. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13472
MLA
Zhang, M., Liao, J. W., Chi, J., Yu, H., Kang, J."Craniopharyngioma resection and aneurysm clipping performed simultaneously by pure endoscopic endonasal approach: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 24.4 (2022): 352.
Chicago
Zhang, M., Liao, J. W., Chi, J., Yu, H., Kang, J."Craniopharyngioma resection and aneurysm clipping performed simultaneously by pure endoscopic endonasal approach: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 24, no. 4 (2022): 352. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13472