Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
December-2022 Volume 24 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2022 Volume 24 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Low expression of MYCN promotes cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer

  • Authors:
    • Rao Yu
    • Hao Zhang
    • Rong Wang
    • Lin Xiao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 423
    |
    Published online on: October 11, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13543
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common cause of gynecological cancer‑associated mortality. Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs used in EOC; however, its use can lead to relapse due to cisplatin resistance. MYCN sensitizes neuroblastoma to undergo cisplatin‑induced apoptosis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies to date on the association between MYCN and cisplatin resistance in EOC. Therefore, the present study assessed this association. Datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were used. The overall survival (OS) of patients receiving platin‑based therapy was analyzed using Kaplan‑Meier Plotter software. RNA sequencing data of 300 patients with EOC were downloaded from cBioportal. The co‑expressed genes were subjected to ‘Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes’ analysis using DAVID software. For gene set enrichment analysis, the expression matrix was separated according to the median expression of MYCN, which was selected for hallmark gene set enrichment. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess MYCN expression in EOC tissue. Western blotting was used to evaluate MYCN, p53, Bax and Bcl‑2 protein expression levels in EOC cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The results demonstrated that MYCN upregulation was associated with increased cisplatin sensitivity and prolonged OS of patients with EOC and patients receiving platin‑based therapy. Cisplatin downregulated MYCN expression in cisplatin‑sensitive, but not resistant, EOC cells. The genes co‑expressed with MYCN were primarily involved in pathways involved in ‘chemotherapeutic resistance’ and ‘apoptosis’. MYCN enriched the apoptosis and p53 signaling pathways in hallmark gene sets. Cells in which MYCN was knocked down demonstrated significantly increased cisplatin resistance; however, MYCN overexpression in cisplatin‑resistant cells restored cisplatin sensitivity. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that MYCN downregulation promoted cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in EOC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 70:7–30. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Markman M and Bookman MA: Second-line treatment of ovarian cancer. Oncologist. 5:26–35. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Assis J, Pereira C, Nogueira A, Pereira D, Carreira R and Medeiros R: Genetic variants as ovarian cancer first-line treatment hallmarks: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev. 61:35–52. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Marchetti C, De Felice F, Romito A, Iacobelli V, Sassu CM, Corrado G, Ricci C, Scambia G and Fagotti A: Chemotherapy resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer: Mechanisms and emerging treatments. Semin Cancer Biol. 77:144–166. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Khan MA, Vikramdeo KS, Sudan SK, Singh S, Wilhite A, Dasgupta S, Rocconi RP and Singh AP: Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: From drug resistance mechanisms to liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for disease management. Semin Cancer Biol. 77:99–109. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Lheureux S, Gourley C, Vergote I and Oza AM: Epithelial ovarian cancer. Lancet. 393:1240–1253. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Kurnit KC, Fleming GF and Lengyel E: Updates and new options in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer treatment. Obstet Gynecol. 137:108–121. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kelland L: The resurgence of platinum-based cancer chemotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 7:573–584. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Zhang J, Wei H, Liu X, Wang N, Qi Y, Zhang Y and Zhang S: Downregulation of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase inhibits proliferation and enhances cisplatin sensitivity in cervical adenocarcinoma cells by regulating Bcl-2 and caspase-3. Cancer Biol Ther. 16:541–548. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Binju M, Amaya-Padilla MA, Wan G, Gunosewoyo H, Suryo Rahmanto Y and Yu Y: Therapeutic inducers of apoptosis in ovarian cancer. Cancers (Basel). 11:17862019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Kartalou M and Essigmann JM: Mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin. Mutat Res. 478:23–43. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Wernyj RP and Morin PJ: Molecular mechanisms of platinum resistance: Still searching for the Achilles' heel. Drug Resist Updat. 7:227–232. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Cancer Genome Altas Research Network, . Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma. Nature. 474:609–615. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Meyer N and Penn LZ: Reflecting on 25 years with MYC. Nat Rev Cancer. 8:976–990. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Neri F, Zippo A, Krepelova A, Cherubini A, Rocchigiani M and Oliviero S: Myc regulates the transcription of the PRC2 gene to control the expression of developmental genes in embryonic stem cells. Mol Cell Biol. 32:840–851. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Zajac-Kaye M: Myc oncogene: A key component in cell cycle regulation and its implication for lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 34 (Suppl 2):S43–S46. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Boxer RB, Jang JW, Sintasath L and Chodosh LA: Lack of sustained regression of c-MYC-induced mammary adenocarcinomas following brief or prolonged MYC inactivation. Cancer Cell. 6:577–586. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Bild AH, Yao G, Chang JT, Wang Q, Potti A, Chasse D, Joshi MB, Harpole D, Lancaster JM, Berchuck A, et al: Oncogenic pathway signatures in human cancers as a guide to targeted therapies. Nature. 439:353–357. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Mo H, Vita M, Crespin M and Henriksson M: Myc overexpression enhances apoptosis induced by small molecules. Cell Cycle. 5:2191–2194. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

McMahon SB: MYC and the control of apoptosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 4:a0144072014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Koach J, Holien JK, Massudi H, Carter DR, Ciampa OC, Herath M, Lim T, Seneviratne JA, Milazzo G, Murray JE, et al: Drugging MYCN oncogenic signaling through the MYCN-PA2G4 binding interface. Cancer Res. 79:5652–5667. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Beltran H: The N-myc oncogene: Maximizing its targets, regulation, and therapeutic potential. Mol Cancer Res. 12:815–822. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Jung M, Russell AJ, Liu B, George J, Liu PY, Liu T, DeFazio A, Bowtell DD, Oberthuer A, London WB, et al: A Myc activity signature predicts poor clinical outcomes in Myc-associated cancers. Cancer Res. 77:971–981. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Nakagawara A, Li Y, Izumi H, Muramori K, Inada H and Nishi M: Neuroblastoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 48:214–241. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Mizukami Y, Nonomura A, Takizawa T, Noguchi M, Michigishi T, Nakamura S and Ishizaki T: N-myc protein expression in human breast carcinoma: Prognostic implications. Anticancer Res. 15:2899–2905. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Huang X, Qi L, Lu W, Li Z, Li W and Li F: MYCN contributes to the sensitization of acute myelogenous leukemia cells to cisplatin by targeting SRY-box transcription factor 4. Bioengineered. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Veskimäe K, Scaravilli M, Niininen W, Karvonen H, Jaatinen S, Nykter M, Visakorpi T, Mäenpää J, Ungureanu D and Staff S: Expression analysis of platinum sensitive and resistant epithelial ovarian cancer patient samples reveals new candidates for targeted therapies. Transl Oncol. 11:1160–1170. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Schulz H, Kuhn C, Hofmann S, Mayr D, Mahner S, Jeschke U and Schmoeckel E: Overall survival of ovarian cancer patients is determined by expression of galectins-8 and −9. Int J Mol Sci. 19:3232018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Zhu H, Zou X, Lin S, Hu X and Gao J: Effects of naringin on reversing cisplatin resistance and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human ovarian cancer SKOV3/CDDP cells. J Int Med Res. 48:3000605198878692020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Zou GP, Yu CX, Shi SL, Li QG, Wang XH, Qu XH, Yang ZJ, Yao WR, Yan DD, Jiang LP, et al: Mitochondrial dynamics mediated by DRP1 and MFN2 contributes to cisplatin chemoresistance in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. J Cancer. 12:7358–7373. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Helland Å, Anglesio MS, George J, Cowin PA, Johnstone CN, House CM, Sheppard KE, Etemadmoghadam D, Melnyk N, Rustgi AK, et al: Deregulation of MYCN, LIN28B and LET7 in a molecular subtype of aggressive high-grade serous ovarian cancers. PLoS One. 6:e180642011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Ghasemi DR, Sill M, Okonechnikov K, Korshunov A, Yip S, Schutz PW, Scheie D, Kruse A, Harter PN, Kastelan M, et al: MYCN amplification drives an aggressive form of spinal ependymoma. Acta Neuropathol. 138:1075–1089. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

de Oliveira CB, Comunello LN, Maciel ES, Giubel SR, Bruno AN, Chiela EC, Lenz G, Gnoatto SC, Buffon A and Gosmann G: The inhibitory effects of phenolic and terpenoid compounds from Baccharis trimera in Siha cells: Differences in their activity and mechanism of action. Molecules. 18:11022–11032. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Plati J, Bucur O and Khosravi-Far R: Dysregulation of apoptotic signaling in cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. J Cell Biochem. 104:1124–1149. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Wang H, Luo Y, Qiao T, Wu Z and Huang Z: Luteolin sensitizes the antitumor effect of cisplatin in drug-resistant ovarian cancer via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration and invasion. J Ovarian Res. 11:932018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Green DR and Kroemer G: The pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death. Science. 305:626–629. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Czabotar PE, Lessene G, Strasser A and Adams JM: Control of apoptosis by the BCL-2 protein family: Implications for physiology and therapy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 15:49–63. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Vousden KH: p53: Death star. Cell. 103:691–694. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Pistritto G, Trisciuoglio D, Ceci C, Garufi A and D'Orazi G: Apoptosis as anticancer mechanism: Function and dysfunction of its modulators and targeted therapeutic strategies. Aging (Albany NY). 8:603–619. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

An SH, Kang JH, Kim DH and Lee MS: Vitamin C increases the apoptosis via up-regulation p53 during cisplatin treatment in human colon cancer cells. BMB Rep. 44:211–216. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Li X, Mu J, Lin Y, Zhao J and Meng X: Combination of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cisplatin induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in HeLa cells by reducing activity of endogenous antioxidants, increasing bax/bcl-2 mRNA expression ratio, and downregulating Nrf2 expression. J Food Biochem. 45:e138062021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Righetti SC, Perego P, Corna E, Pierotti MA and Zunino F: Emergence of p53 mutant cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells following drug exposure: Spontaneously mutant selection. Cell Growth Differ. 10:473–478. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

43 

Xie X, Lozano G and Siddik ZH: Heterozygous p53(V172F) mutation in cisplatin-resistant human tumor cells promotes MDM4 recruitment and decreases stability and transactivity of p53. Oncogene. 35:4798–806. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yu R, Zhang H, Wang R and Xiao L: Low expression of MYCN promotes cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 24: 423, 2022.
APA
Yu, R., Zhang, H., Wang, R., & Xiao, L. (2022). Low expression of MYCN promotes cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncology Letters, 24, 423. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13543
MLA
Yu, R., Zhang, H., Wang, R., Xiao, L."Low expression of MYCN promotes cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 24.6 (2022): 423.
Chicago
Yu, R., Zhang, H., Wang, R., Xiao, L."Low expression of MYCN promotes cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 24, no. 6 (2022): 423. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13543
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yu R, Zhang H, Wang R and Xiao L: Low expression of MYCN promotes cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 24: 423, 2022.
APA
Yu, R., Zhang, H., Wang, R., & Xiao, L. (2022). Low expression of MYCN promotes cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncology Letters, 24, 423. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13543
MLA
Yu, R., Zhang, H., Wang, R., Xiao, L."Low expression of MYCN promotes cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 24.6 (2022): 423.
Chicago
Yu, R., Zhang, H., Wang, R., Xiao, L."Low expression of MYCN promotes cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 24, no. 6 (2022): 423. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13543
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team