Usefulness of malignant pleural effusion for early cytological diagnosis of mesothelioma <em>in situ</em>: A case report

Yabuuchi,Yuki; Hiroshima,Kenzo; Oshima,Hisayuki; Kanazawa,Jun; Hayashihara,Kenji; Nakagawa,Takayuki; Shimanouchi,Masaki; Usui,Shingo; Oh‑ishi,Shuji; Saito,Takefumi; Hizawa,Nobuyuki; Minami,Yuko

doi:10.3892/ol.2022.13560

December-2022 Volume 24 Issue 6

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December-2022 Volume 24 Issue 6

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Case Report Open Access

Usefulness of malignant pleural effusion for early cytological diagnosis of mesothelioma in situ: A case report

Authors:
- Yuki Yabuuchi
- Kenzo Hiroshima
- Hisayuki Oshima
- Jun Kanazawa
- Kenji Hayashihara
- Takayuki Nakagawa
- Masaki Shimanouchi
- Shingo Usui
- Shuji Oh‑ishi
- Takefumi Saito
- Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Yuko Minami
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Affiliations: Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Ibaraki Higashi National Hospital, Tokai‑mura, Ibaraki 319‑1113, Japan, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachio, Chiba 276‑8524, Japan, Department of Respiratory Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Ibaraki Higashi National Hospital, Tokai‑mura, Ibaraki 319‑1113, Japan, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8576, Japan, Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Ibaraki Higashi National Hospital, Tokai‑mura, Ibaraki 319‑1113, Japan

Copyright: © Yabuuchi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
Article Number: 440
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Published online on: October 25, 2022

https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13560
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Abstract

Mesothelioma in situ (MIS) is defined as a preinvasive mesothelioma that forms a single layer of mild atypical mesothelial cells lining on the serosa surface of pleura. The atypical mesothelial cells present loss of BRCA‑1 associated protein‑1 (BAP‑1) and/or methylthioadenosine phosphorylase as examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or homozygous deletion of cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/p16 as examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. It is difficult to diagnose because of the unremarkable clinical findings except for pleural effusion. The present report describes a case in which MIS was diagnosed at the time of sampling due to the presence of clearly malignant mesothelial cells in the pleural fluid. In 2016, a 74‑year‑old man with a history of past exposure to asbestos was admitted to Ibaraki Higashi National Hospital (Tokai‑mura, Japan) with dyspnea. Chest CT indicated only right pleural effusion. Malignant mesothelial cells were suspected in a cell block made using pleural effusion; therefore, right pleural biopsy was performed. Pathologically, there was proliferation of mesothelial cells with mild atypia that formed a single‑flat layer on the pleural surface; however, there was no invasion. Furthermore, IHC revealed loss of BAP‑1 in cells from the biopsied pleura and pleural effusion. MIS was suspected at the time; however, the patient arbitrarily quit his medical check‑ups. After 44 months, the patient was readmitted to our hospital complaining of dyspnea. CT indicated a large right pleural mass. A specimen of the mass obtained via CT‑guided needle biopsy revealed malignant mesothelioma. The patient continued to deteriorate and eventually died. This case indicated that pleural effusion could be used to demonstrate overtly malignant mesothelial cells and diagnose MIS at the time of sampling. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report of MIS with overtly malignant mesothelial cells in pleural effusion. Pleural effusion may serve an important role in MIS diagnosis.

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Usefulness of malignant pleural effusion for early cytological diagnosis of mesothelioma in situ: A case report

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