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Article Open Access

Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for colorectal cancer: A network meta‑analysis

  • Authors:
    • Chih-Chen Tzang
    • Yen-Wei Lee
    • Wei-Chen Lin
    • Long-Huei Lin
    • Yuan-Fu Kang
    • Ting-Yu Lin
    • Wei-Ting Wu
    • Ke-Vin Chang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, R.O.C., School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C., School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lo‑Hsu Medical Foundation, Inc., Lotung Poh‑Ai Hospital, Yilan 265, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, R.O.C.
    Copyright: © Tzang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 569
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    Published online on: September 27, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14702
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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is challenging to treat due to its high metastatic rate. Recent strategies have focused on combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with other treatments. The aim of the present study was to conduct a network meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy and adverse effects of different ICI treatments for CRC. A literature search for RCTs was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and Web of Science databases, covering the period from the inception of each database until April 2024. A total of 12 RCTs involving 2,050 participants were selected for inclusion in the analysis. The network meta‑analysis employed the MetaInsight tool to assess multiple endpoints. The criteria for study selection were based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Studies framework as follows: i) Population, patients with CRC; ii) intervention, studies using ICI to treat CRC; iii) comparison, active comparators, including placebo; iv) outcome, overall survival, progression‑free survival, objective response rate and adverse events; and v) study design, RCTs. The results of the analysis revealed that programmed cell death‑ligand 1 (PD‑L1) inhibitors significantly improved overall survival time [mean difference (MD), 2.28 months; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44 to 4.11], while programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‑1) inhibitors exhibited a superior progression‑free survival time (MD, 4.79 months; 95% CI, 3.18 to 6.40) compared with active comparators. However, none of the ICI treatments had significant differences in odds ratios for the objective response rate and adverse events compared with active comparators. These findings indicate that treatment with PD‑L1 and PD‑1 inhibitors improved the overall survival time and delayed disease progression in patients with CRC. These findings offer valuable insights for future research aimed at improving CRC patient outcomes.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tzang C, Lee Y, Lin W, Lin L, Kang Y, Lin T, Wu W and Chang K: Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for colorectal cancer: A network meta‑analysis. Oncol Lett 28: 569, 2024.
APA
Tzang, C., Lee, Y., Lin, W., Lin, L., Kang, Y., Lin, T. ... Chang, K. (2024). Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for colorectal cancer: A network meta‑analysis. Oncology Letters, 28, 569. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14702
MLA
Tzang, C., Lee, Y., Lin, W., Lin, L., Kang, Y., Lin, T., Wu, W., Chang, K."Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for colorectal cancer: A network meta‑analysis". Oncology Letters 28.6 (2024): 569.
Chicago
Tzang, C., Lee, Y., Lin, W., Lin, L., Kang, Y., Lin, T., Wu, W., Chang, K."Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for colorectal cancer: A network meta‑analysis". Oncology Letters 28, no. 6 (2024): 569. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14702
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tzang C, Lee Y, Lin W, Lin L, Kang Y, Lin T, Wu W and Chang K: Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for colorectal cancer: A network meta‑analysis. Oncol Lett 28: 569, 2024.
APA
Tzang, C., Lee, Y., Lin, W., Lin, L., Kang, Y., Lin, T. ... Chang, K. (2024). Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for colorectal cancer: A network meta‑analysis. Oncology Letters, 28, 569. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14702
MLA
Tzang, C., Lee, Y., Lin, W., Lin, L., Kang, Y., Lin, T., Wu, W., Chang, K."Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for colorectal cancer: A network meta‑analysis". Oncology Letters 28.6 (2024): 569.
Chicago
Tzang, C., Lee, Y., Lin, W., Lin, L., Kang, Y., Lin, T., Wu, W., Chang, K."Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for colorectal cancer: A network meta‑analysis". Oncology Letters 28, no. 6 (2024): 569. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14702
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