Open Access

Primary breast myeloid sarcoma: A case report and literature review

  • Authors:
    • Zhiying Zhang
    • Yibo Chen
    • Rui Zhang
    • Ming Liu
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  • Published online on: November 15, 2024     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14804
  • Article Number: 58
  • Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor originating from immature bone marrow cells. MS of the breast is an extremely uncommon disease with non‑specific clinical and radiological features. The present case report describes a distinctive case of MS of the breast, which posed diagnostic challenges due to the absence of typical imaging characteristics at the time of presentation. The patient was a 58‑year‑old woman who presented with a breast mass. Further examination and testing confirmed the diagnosis of MS in the right breast, with metastases to the right iliac, pubic and ischial regions. Immunohistochemical analysis identified metastatic tumors distinguished by the expression of a number of markers, including Ki‑67, myeloperoxidase and cluster of differentiation 43. The patient underwent six cycles of chemotherapy with a regimen comprising etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine and cisplatin, and 28 cycles (56 cGy each) of consolidation radiotherapy. Extensive examination and long‑term follow‑up revealed no further tumor recurrence or metastasis. Myeloid sarcomas of the breast typically manifest as palpable masses requiring diagnostic imaging. However, due to the rarity of MS of the breast without any signs of leukemia, its diagnosis and treatment are challenging. The present case report highlights the importance of maintaining high clinical, radiological and pathological standards when diagnosing this disease. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the literature on breast MS is provided. This highlights the necessity for clinicians to consider this rare diagnosis in patients presenting with a breast mass, to facilitate the appropriate treatment and prevent unnecessary procedures such as mastectomies.
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January-2025
Volume 29 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Zhang Z, Chen Y, Zhang R and Liu M: Primary breast myeloid sarcoma: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 29: 58, 2025.
APA
Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, R., & Liu, M. (2025). Primary breast myeloid sarcoma: A case report and literature review. Oncology Letters, 29, 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14804
MLA
Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, R., Liu, M."Primary breast myeloid sarcoma: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 29.1 (2025): 58.
Chicago
Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, R., Liu, M."Primary breast myeloid sarcoma: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 29, no. 1 (2025): 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14804