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Case Report Open Access

Achieving stringent complete remission in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with liver extramedullary disease after CAR‑T cell therapy: A case report

  • Authors:
    • Lingyun Zhou
    • Danbo Liu
    • Fang Du
    • Jiao Chen
    • Wenyi Lu
    • Hongxian Xiang
    • Haifei Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 253
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    Published online on: March 28, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.14999
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Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy characterized by bone marrow infiltration and the presence of monoclonal proteins in the blood and urine. However, despite the advances that have been made in terms of its treatment, relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) remains a significant challenge. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‑T cell therapy, which involves the engineering of T‑cells to express CARs targeting specific antigens on tumor cells, has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for RRMM. The present case report presents a patient with RRMM with liver extramedullary disease (EMD) who achieved stringent complete remission following CAR‑T cell therapy. This case report highlights the efficacy of CAR‑T cell therapy in treating RRMM, also discussing the patient's clinical course, treatment outcomes and side effects, and moreover, a review of the literature that focuses on the treatment of EMD using CAR‑T cell therapy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Treatment progress and response
details. Dara + VRd=Daratumumab 16 mg/kg, once a week for the first
8 weeks, once every 2 weeks from the 9th week, and once every 4
weeks from the 25th week; bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on days
1, 4, 8 and 11; lenalidomide 25 mg days 1–21; dexamethasone 20 mg
on days 1–2, 4–5, 8–9 and 11–12; 4 weeks as a treatment cycle.
Id=Ixazomib 4 mg on days 1, 8 and 15; dexamethasone 10 mg on days
1, 8, 15 and 16. Vd=bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 8,
15 and 22; dexamethasone 20 mg on days 1, 8, 15 and 22; 4 weeks as
a treatment cycle. Dara + Pd=Daratumumab 16 mg/kg, once a week for
the first 8 weeks, once every 2 weeks from the 9th week;
pomalidomide 4 mg on days 1–21; dexamethasone 40 mg on days 1, 8,
15 and 22; 4 weeks as a treatment cycle. Dara + SKd=Daratumumab 16
mg/kg, once a week for the first 8 weeks, once every 2 weeks from
the 9th week; carfilzomib 51 mg on days 1–2, 8–9 and 15–16;
dexamethasone 10 mg on days 1–2, 8–9 and 15–16; 4 weeks as a
treatment cycle. sCR, stringent complete response; PD, progressive
disease; FC, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide; EMD, extramedullary
disease; CRS, cytokine release syndrome; MRD, minimal residual
disease; VGPR, very good partial remission; CAR-T, chimeric antigen
receptor T cell.

Figure 2

Whole-body PET/CT scans. (A)
Osteolytic bone destruction lesions (June 2023). (B) Osteolytic
bone destruction lesions increased (August 2023); (C) No lesion
change in the S4 segment of the liver on diagnosis (December 2019);
(D) Lesion changes in the S4 segment of the liver (April 2023). (E)
Lesion changes in the S4 segment of the liver reduced with no
hypermetabolism (March 2024). PET/CT, positron emission
tomography/computed tomography.

Figure 3

Changes in patient-associated
indicators after Equecabtagene Autoleucel reinfusion. (A) Changes
in the patient's IL-6 concentration are shown. (B) Changes in the
proportion of CAR-T cells among CD3+ cells are shown.
(C) Changes in the patient's internal expansion of CAR-T cells are
shown. CAR-T: chimeric antigen receptor T cell.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhou L, Liu D, Du F, Chen J, Lu W, Xiang H and Chen H: Achieving stringent complete remission in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with liver extramedullary disease after CAR‑T cell therapy: A case report. Oncol Lett 29: 253, 2025.
APA
Zhou, L., Liu, D., Du, F., Chen, J., Lu, W., Xiang, H., & Chen, H. (2025). Achieving stringent complete remission in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with liver extramedullary disease after CAR‑T cell therapy: A case report. Oncology Letters, 29, 253. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.14999
MLA
Zhou, L., Liu, D., Du, F., Chen, J., Lu, W., Xiang, H., Chen, H."Achieving stringent complete remission in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with liver extramedullary disease after CAR‑T cell therapy: A case report". Oncology Letters 29.5 (2025): 253.
Chicago
Zhou, L., Liu, D., Du, F., Chen, J., Lu, W., Xiang, H., Chen, H."Achieving stringent complete remission in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with liver extramedullary disease after CAR‑T cell therapy: A case report". Oncology Letters 29, no. 5 (2025): 253. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.14999
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhou L, Liu D, Du F, Chen J, Lu W, Xiang H and Chen H: Achieving stringent complete remission in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with liver extramedullary disease after CAR‑T cell therapy: A case report. Oncol Lett 29: 253, 2025.
APA
Zhou, L., Liu, D., Du, F., Chen, J., Lu, W., Xiang, H., & Chen, H. (2025). Achieving stringent complete remission in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with liver extramedullary disease after CAR‑T cell therapy: A case report. Oncology Letters, 29, 253. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.14999
MLA
Zhou, L., Liu, D., Du, F., Chen, J., Lu, W., Xiang, H., Chen, H."Achieving stringent complete remission in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with liver extramedullary disease after CAR‑T cell therapy: A case report". Oncology Letters 29.5 (2025): 253.
Chicago
Zhou, L., Liu, D., Du, F., Chen, J., Lu, W., Xiang, H., Chen, H."Achieving stringent complete remission in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with liver extramedullary disease after CAR‑T cell therapy: A case report". Oncology Letters 29, no. 5 (2025): 253. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.14999
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