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Article Open Access

Integrative machine learning reveals the biological function and prognostic significance of α‑ketoglutarate in gastric cancer

  • Authors:
    • Fangyuan Liu
    • Xuemeng Sun
    • Yun Zeng
    • Xiangyun Meng
    • Rongrong Zhang
    • Liya Su
    • Gang Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010030, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice‑Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 392
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    Published online on: June 11, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15138
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Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) has a poor response to treatment, an unfavorable prognosis and a lack of reliable biomarkers for predicting disease progression and therapeutic outcomes. α‑Ketoglutarate (α‑KG) is a critical metabolite involved in cellular energy metabolism and epigenetic regulation during tumor development, which has emerged as a potential prognostic biomarker for GC. The present study aimed to explore this potential using publicly available datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases to analyze α‑KG‑related genes and establish the α‑KG Index (AKGI). By assessing the predictive performance of the AKGI model, the results demonstrated its capability to predict survival outcomes in patients with GC. Notably, high AKGI scores were associated with worse prognoses. Building on these findings, the associations between AKGI and clinical variables, immune cell infiltration and tumor mutation characteristics were assessed, further identifying potential therapeutic drugs for patients with high AKGI scores. Additionally, by analyzing signaling pathways and biological functions correlated with AKGI, the regulatory mechanisms and biological roles of α‑KG in GC were elucidated. The findings of these analyses were further evaluated using cellular experiments, where α‑KG treatment was demonstrated to significantly inhibit GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In conclusion, the present study successfully constructed and validated the AKGI as a potential prognostic biomarker for GC. The findings indicate that AKGI can identify patients likely to benefit from immunotherapy, enhance diagnostic precision and improve clinical outcomes in GC management. Moreover, AKGI offers a valuable framework for advancing the understanding of the role and mechanisms of α‑KG in GC.
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Liu F, Sun X, Zeng Y, Meng X, Zhang R, Su L and Liu G: Integrative machine learning reveals the biological function and prognostic significance of α‑ketoglutarate in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 30: 392, 2025.
APA
Liu, F., Sun, X., Zeng, Y., Meng, X., Zhang, R., Su, L., & Liu, G. (2025). Integrative machine learning reveals the biological function and prognostic significance of α‑ketoglutarate in gastric cancer. Oncology Letters, 30, 392. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15138
MLA
Liu, F., Sun, X., Zeng, Y., Meng, X., Zhang, R., Su, L., Liu, G."Integrative machine learning reveals the biological function and prognostic significance of α‑ketoglutarate in gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 30.2 (2025): 392.
Chicago
Liu, F., Sun, X., Zeng, Y., Meng, X., Zhang, R., Su, L., Liu, G."Integrative machine learning reveals the biological function and prognostic significance of α‑ketoglutarate in gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 30, no. 2 (2025): 392. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15138
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Spandidos Publications style
Liu F, Sun X, Zeng Y, Meng X, Zhang R, Su L and Liu G: Integrative machine learning reveals the biological function and prognostic significance of α‑ketoglutarate in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 30: 392, 2025.
APA
Liu, F., Sun, X., Zeng, Y., Meng, X., Zhang, R., Su, L., & Liu, G. (2025). Integrative machine learning reveals the biological function and prognostic significance of α‑ketoglutarate in gastric cancer. Oncology Letters, 30, 392. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15138
MLA
Liu, F., Sun, X., Zeng, Y., Meng, X., Zhang, R., Su, L., Liu, G."Integrative machine learning reveals the biological function and prognostic significance of α‑ketoglutarate in gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 30.2 (2025): 392.
Chicago
Liu, F., Sun, X., Zeng, Y., Meng, X., Zhang, R., Su, L., Liu, G."Integrative machine learning reveals the biological function and prognostic significance of α‑ketoglutarate in gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 30, no. 2 (2025): 392. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15138
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