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Article Open Access

Prognostic impact of syndecan‑1 expression and serum concentration in colorectal cancer

  • Authors:
    • Kakeru Tawada
    • Hirokatsu Hayashi
    • Masahide Endo
    • Takeshi Horaguchi
    • Ryoma Yokoi
    • Keita Matsumoto
    • Masashi Kuno
    • Masahiro Fukada
    • Ryuichi Asai
    • Yuta Sato
    • Itaru Yasufuku
    • Jesse Yu Tajima
    • Yoshihiro Tanaka
    • Takao Takahashi
    • Nobuhisa Matsuhashi
    • Hiroyuki Tomita
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu 501‑1194, Japan, Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu 501‑1194, Japan
    Copyright: © Tawada et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 402
    |
    Published online on: June 19, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15148
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Abstract

Syndecan‑1 (SDC1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that serves an important role in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis, has been suggested as a potential biomarker for malignancy and as a therapeutic target. However, its role remains controversial because of its varying functions depending on carcinoma type and location. Elevated serum SDC1 levels after surgery have previously been associated with favorable disease‑free survival (DFS). The present study aimed to clarify the role of SDC1 in resectable colorectal cancer (CRC) by evaluating its expression in tumor tissue, correlation with serum SDC1 levels and association with prognosis. In total, 46 patients who underwent radical surgery between July and December 2019 at Gifu University Hospital (Gifu, Japan) were included. The association between SDC1 expression in tumor tissues, assessed using immunohistochemical staining, and DFS was analyzed. Tumor tissue was compartmentalized into the membrane, cytoplasm and stroma. Staining intensity and percentage of positive cells were scored and categorized into two groups based on quartiles (Qs). The Q3‑Q4 SDC1 staining scores for the membrane, cytoplasm and stroma were 30 (65.2%), 26 (56.6%) and 23 (50.0%) patients, respectively. Low SDC1 expression in all compartments was associated with advanced tumor stage (P=0.017, P=0.008 and P=0.035). In addition, low membranous SDC1 expression was associated with shorter DFS (P=0.013) and was an independent risk factor for recurrence (hazard ratio: 7.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.24‑39.62, P=0.028). No significant correlation was observed between membranous SDC1 expression and serum SDC1 levels. The current study demonstrated that low membranous SDC1 expression may be an independent risk factor for recurrence and could serve as a prognostic biomarker for CRC. Furthermore, serum SDC1 levels may not depend solely on expression in tumor cells and are possibly influenced by multiple factors, including the tumor microenvironment and release from other tissues.
View Figures

Figure 1

Immunohistochemical staining
intensities. Grading of immunohistochemical staining intensities
was defined independently in the membranous, cytoplasmic, and
stromal compartments. Magnification, ×200.

Figure 2

Correlation between compartmental
SDC1 scores. (A) Strong positive correlation between membranous and
cytoplasmic SDC1 scores. (B) Positive correlation between
membranous and stromal SDC1 scores. (C) Positive correlation
between cytoplasmic and stromal SDC1 scores. Correlations were
assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. SDC1,
syndecan-1.

Figure 3

Correlation between membranous SDC1
scores and serum SDC1 levels after outliers were excluded using the
Smirnov-Grubbs test. Membranous SDC1 score and (A) preoperative and
(B) postoperative SDC1 levels. (C) Membranous SDC1 score and
changes in serum SDC1 level from preoperative to postoperative.
Correlations were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation
coefficient. SDC1, syndecan-1.

Figure 4

Comparison of DFS according to
compartmental SDC1 scores. DFS according to (A) membranous, (B)
cytoplasmic (C) and stromal SDC1 scores (Q1-Q2 vs. Q3-Q4). DFS,
disease-free survival; SDC1, syndecan-1; Q, quartile.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tawada K, Hayashi H, Endo M, Horaguchi T, Yokoi R, Matsumoto K, Kuno M, Fukada M, Asai R, Sato Y, Sato Y, et al: Prognostic impact of syndecan‑1 expression and serum concentration in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 30: 402, 2025.
APA
Tawada, K., Hayashi, H., Endo, M., Horaguchi, T., Yokoi, R., Matsumoto, K. ... Tomita, H. (2025). Prognostic impact of syndecan‑1 expression and serum concentration in colorectal cancer. Oncology Letters, 30, 402. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15148
MLA
Tawada, K., Hayashi, H., Endo, M., Horaguchi, T., Yokoi, R., Matsumoto, K., Kuno, M., Fukada, M., Asai, R., Sato, Y., Yasufuku, I., Tajima, J. Y., Tanaka, Y., Takahashi, T., Matsuhashi, N., Tomita, H."Prognostic impact of syndecan‑1 expression and serum concentration in colorectal cancer". Oncology Letters 30.2 (2025): 402.
Chicago
Tawada, K., Hayashi, H., Endo, M., Horaguchi, T., Yokoi, R., Matsumoto, K., Kuno, M., Fukada, M., Asai, R., Sato, Y., Yasufuku, I., Tajima, J. Y., Tanaka, Y., Takahashi, T., Matsuhashi, N., Tomita, H."Prognostic impact of syndecan‑1 expression and serum concentration in colorectal cancer". Oncology Letters 30, no. 2 (2025): 402. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15148
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tawada K, Hayashi H, Endo M, Horaguchi T, Yokoi R, Matsumoto K, Kuno M, Fukada M, Asai R, Sato Y, Sato Y, et al: Prognostic impact of syndecan‑1 expression and serum concentration in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 30: 402, 2025.
APA
Tawada, K., Hayashi, H., Endo, M., Horaguchi, T., Yokoi, R., Matsumoto, K. ... Tomita, H. (2025). Prognostic impact of syndecan‑1 expression and serum concentration in colorectal cancer. Oncology Letters, 30, 402. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15148
MLA
Tawada, K., Hayashi, H., Endo, M., Horaguchi, T., Yokoi, R., Matsumoto, K., Kuno, M., Fukada, M., Asai, R., Sato, Y., Yasufuku, I., Tajima, J. Y., Tanaka, Y., Takahashi, T., Matsuhashi, N., Tomita, H."Prognostic impact of syndecan‑1 expression and serum concentration in colorectal cancer". Oncology Letters 30.2 (2025): 402.
Chicago
Tawada, K., Hayashi, H., Endo, M., Horaguchi, T., Yokoi, R., Matsumoto, K., Kuno, M., Fukada, M., Asai, R., Sato, Y., Yasufuku, I., Tajima, J. Y., Tanaka, Y., Takahashi, T., Matsuhashi, N., Tomita, H."Prognostic impact of syndecan‑1 expression and serum concentration in colorectal cancer". Oncology Letters 30, no. 2 (2025): 402. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15148
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