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Review Open Access

Novel therapeutic strategies for non‑small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Shengyao Ma
    • Ruixin Hu
    • Xiaobin Xue
    • Meihua Qu
    • Guoping Sun
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Seventh People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, P.R. China, Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Seventh People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, P.R. China, Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Ma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 424
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    Published online on: July 3, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15170
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Abstract

The treatment of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been notably improved by the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Although ICIs have been authorized by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the clinical treatment of NSCLC, concerns remain regarding resistance and adverse reactions. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy and other immunotherapies for cancer have the potential to impact cancer immunity, thereby boosting the ability of the body to kill the tumor cells. This provides preliminary evidence for combined therapy, which has been reported to be effective in numerous clinical trials, resulting in the approval of ICIs for use in combination with chemotherapy. Ongoing studies concentrate on novel approaches that can enhance immune responses against tumors through combined strategies. The present review primarily outlines the key mechanisms of combined treatment and the strategies for combining ICIs in NSCLC, demonstrating the viability of combined therapy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Mechanism of combination therapies.
1) Chemotherapeutic drugs can reduce the number of Tregs and MDSCs,
thereby enhance the function of T cells, NK cells and DCs. 2)
Anti-angiogenesis therapy enhances the infiltration of
CD8+ T cells and the function of DC cells; it reduces
the number of immunosuppressive cells such as MDSCs, Tregs and
M2-like TAMs. 3) Targeted therapy impacts the immune response
against tumors by inducing a decrease in immunosuppressive cells
(such as Tregs) and an enhancement in the infiltration and activity
of T cells. 4) Immunotherapy promotes CD4+ and
CD8+ T cell activation. Figdraw was used to construct
this figure. Treg, regulatory T cell; MDSC, myeloid-derived
suppressor cell; NK, natural killer; DC, dendritic cell; TAMs,
tumor-associated macrophages.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ma S, Hu R, Xue X, Qu M and Sun G: Novel therapeutic strategies for non‑small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review). Oncol Lett 30: 424, 2025.
APA
Ma, S., Hu, R., Xue, X., Qu, M., & Sun, G. (2025). Novel therapeutic strategies for non‑small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review). Oncology Letters, 30, 424. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15170
MLA
Ma, S., Hu, R., Xue, X., Qu, M., Sun, G."Novel therapeutic strategies for non‑small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review)". Oncology Letters 30.3 (2025): 424.
Chicago
Ma, S., Hu, R., Xue, X., Qu, M., Sun, G."Novel therapeutic strategies for non‑small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review)". Oncology Letters 30, no. 3 (2025): 424. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15170
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ma S, Hu R, Xue X, Qu M and Sun G: Novel therapeutic strategies for non‑small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review). Oncol Lett 30: 424, 2025.
APA
Ma, S., Hu, R., Xue, X., Qu, M., & Sun, G. (2025). Novel therapeutic strategies for non‑small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review). Oncology Letters, 30, 424. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15170
MLA
Ma, S., Hu, R., Xue, X., Qu, M., Sun, G."Novel therapeutic strategies for non‑small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review)". Oncology Letters 30.3 (2025): 424.
Chicago
Ma, S., Hu, R., Xue, X., Qu, M., Sun, G."Novel therapeutic strategies for non‑small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review)". Oncology Letters 30, no. 3 (2025): 424. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15170
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