Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
October-2025 Volume 30 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2025 Volume 30 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Transcriptional analysis of BMP2 and BMP6 in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

  • Authors:
    • Panagiotis Stoikos
    • Angelos Giannakoulas
    • Evangelia Kouvata
    • Georgia Stefani
    • George Vassilopoulos
    • Nikolaos Giannakoulas
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Laboratory of Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
    Copyright: © Stoikos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 448
    |
    Published online on: July 17, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15194
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogenous disease with diverse outcomes across patients. Stratifying patients is a promising approach to predict their clinical outcomes. However, despite notable progress in stratification systems, there is still a need for further optimization. Combining the existing staging parameters with molecular approaches could offer a better understanding of ‘high risk’ disease and guide treatment decisions. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) represent a group of proteins, which are members of the TGF‑β superfamily that are now considered to be multifunctional cytokines. BMPs are mostly differentiation factors that are involved in bone metabolism, tissue development and carcinogenesis. In MM, BMP signaling is less well characterized and its association with the pathogenesis of MM is still under investigation. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate BMP2 and BMP6 expression and to study the clinical impact of their expression. BMP2 and BMP6 expression was quantified using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR post‑RNA extraction from bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from patients with MM and healthy donors. According to the observations in a group of patients with newly diagnosed MM, neither BMP2 nor BMP6 were able to serve as prognostic biomarkers for patients.
View Figures

Figure 1

Transcriptional analysis of BMP2 and
BMP6 in MM. Relative gene expression analysis of (A) BMP6 and (B)
BMP2 between patients with NDMM and healthy controls. (C) Response
patterns between patients with elevated BMP6 expression values
(High group) and patients with lower BMP6 values (Low group).
Response was evaluated post 5 cycles of induction therapy.
Comparison of (D) progression free survival and (E) probability of
survival in the High and Low expression groups. BMP, bone
morphogenetic protein; MM, multiple myeloma; NDMM, newly diagnosed
multiple myeloma; HD, healthy donors; CR, complete response; VGPR,
very good partial response; PR, partial response; MR, minimal
response.
View References

1 

Ludwig H, Novis Durie S, Meckl A, Hinke A and Durie B: Multiple Myeloma incidence and mortality around the globe; Interrelations between health access and quality, economic resources, and patient empowerment. Oncologist. 25:e1406–e1413. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Eisfeld C, Kajüter H, Möller L, Wellmann I, Shumilov E and Stang A: Time trends in survival and causes of death in multiple myeloma: A population-based study from Germany. BMC Cancer. 23:3172023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Rajkumar SV: Multiple myeloma: 2022 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management. Am J Hematol. 97:1086–1107. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Katagiri T and Watabe T: Bone morphogenetic proteins. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 8:a0218992016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Bragdon B, Moseychuk O, Saldanha S, King D, Julian J and Nohe A: Bone morphogenetic proteins: A critical review. Cell Signal. 23:609–620. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Grcević D, Kusec R, Kovacić N, Lukić A, Lukić IK, Ivcević S, Nemet D, Seiwerth RS, Ostojić SK, Croucher PI and Marusić A: Bone morphogenetic proteins and receptors are over-expressed in bone-marrow cells of multiple myeloma patients and support myeloma cells by inducing ID genes. Leuk Res. 34:742–751. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Seckinger A, Meissner T, Moreaux J, Goldschmidt H, Fuhler GM, Benner A, Hundemer M, Rème T, Shaughnessy JD Jr, Barlogie B, et al: Bone morphogenic protein 6: A member of a novel class of prognostic factors expressed by normal and malignant plasma cells inhibiting proliferation and angiogenesis. Oncogene. 28:3866–3879. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Olsen OE, Wader KF, Misund K, Våtsveen TK, Rø TB, Mylin AK, Turesson I, Størdal BF, Moen SH, Standal T, et al: Bone morphogenetic protein-9 suppresses growth of myeloma cells by signaling through ALK2 but is inhibited by endoglin. Blood Cancer J. 4:1962014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Maes K, Nemeth E, Roodman GD, Huston A, Esteve F, Freytes C, Callander N, Katodritou E, Tussing-Humphreys L, Rivera S, et al: In anemia of multiple myeloma, hepcidin is induced by increased bone morphogenetic protein 2. Blood. 116:3635–3644. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Wu CK, Wei MT, Wu HC, Wu CL, Wu CJ, Liaw H and Su WP: BMP2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis through BMP receptor 2-mediated SMAD1/5 activation. Sci Rep. 12:163102022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Raida M, Clement JH, Leek RD, Ameri K, Bicknell R, Niederwieser D and Harris AL: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and induction of tumor angiogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 131:741–750. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Du J, Yang S, Wang Z, Zhai C, Yuan W, Lei R, Zhang J and Zhu T: Bone morphogenetic protein 6 inhibit stress-induced breast cancer cells apoptosis via both Smad and p38 pathways. J Cell Biochem. 103:1584–1597. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Stieglitz D, Lamm S, Braig S, Feuerer L, Kuphal S, Dietrich P, Arndt S, Echtenacher B, Hellerbrand C, Karrer S and Bosserhoff AK: BMP6-induced modulation of the tumor micro-milieu. Oncogene. 38:609–621. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, Blade J, Merlini G, Mateos MV, Kumar S, Hillengass J, Kastritis E, Richardson P, et al: International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 15:538–548. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Fleige S and Pfaffl MW: RNA integrity and the effect on the real-time qRT-PCR performance. Mol Aspects Med. 27:126–139. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Giraldo-Parra L, Ramirez LG, Navas A and Gómez MA: Quality parameters for RNA preparations from biopsies of ulcerated human skin. Wellcome Open Res. 28:2492023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Okamoto T and Okabe S: Ultraviolet absorbance at 260 and 280 nm in RNA measurement is dependent on measurement solution. Int J Mol Med. 5:657–659. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Pinto FL, Thapper A, Sontheim W and Lindblad P: Analysis of current and alternative phenol based RNA extraction methodologies for cyanobacteria. BMC Mol Biol. 7:792009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Wilfinger WW, Mackey K and Chomczynski P: Effect of pH and ionic strength on the spectrophotometric assessment of nucleic acid purity. Biotechniques. 22:478–481. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ebisawa T, Tada K, Kitajima I, Tojo K, Sampath TK, Kawabata M, Miyazono K and Imamura T: Characterization of bone morphogenetic protein-6 signaling pathways in osteoblast differentiation. J Cell Sci. 112:3519–27. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Xu H, Tong G, Yan T, Dong L, Yang X, Dou D, Sun Z, Liu T, Zheng X, Yang J, et al: Transcriptomic analysis provides insights to reveal the bmp6 function related to the development of intermuscular bones in zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol. 10:8214712022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Zhan F, Huang Y, Colla S, Stewart JP, Hanamura I, Gupta S, Epstein J, Yaccoby S, Sawyer J, Burington B, et al: The molecular classification of multiple myeloma. Blood. 108:2020–2028. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Fonseca R, Bergsagel PL, Drach J, Shaughnessy J, Gutierrez N, Stewart AK, Morgan G, Van Ness B, Chesi M, Minvielle S, et al: International myeloma working group. International myeloma working group molecular classification of multiple myeloma: spotlight review. Leukemia. 23:2210–2221. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Matsuzaki Y, Umemoto T, Tanaka Y, Okano T and Yamato M: β2-Microglobulin is an appropriate reference gene for RT-PCR-based gene expression analysis of hematopoietic stem cells. Regen Ther. 23:91–97. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Sabbir H: Validation of internal control genes for quantitative real-time PCR under different experiment conditions in Multiple Myeloma. J Bio Sci Biotechnol. 7:79–90. 2019.

27 

Nazari F, Parham A and Maleki AF: GAPDH, β-actin and β2-microglobulin, as three common reference genes, are not reliable for gene expression studies in equine adipose- and marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Anim Sci Technol. 57:182015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Lin J and Redies C: Histological evidence: Housekeeping genes beta-actin and GAPDH are of limited value for normalization of gene expression. Dev Genes Evol. 222:369–376. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Bach DH, Park HJ and Lee SK: The dual role of bone morphogenetic proteins in cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 8:1–13. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ro TB, Holt RU, Brenne AT, Hjorth-Hansen H, Waage A, Hjertner O, Sundan A and Borset M: Bone morphogenetic protein-5, −6 and −7 inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in human myeloma cells. Oncogene. 23:3024–3032. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Stoikos P, Giannakoulas A, Kouvata E, Stefani G, Vassilopoulos G and Giannakoulas N: Transcriptional analysis of BMP2 and BMP6 in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Oncol Lett 30: 448, 2025.
APA
Stoikos, P., Giannakoulas, A., Kouvata, E., Stefani, G., Vassilopoulos, G., & Giannakoulas, N. (2025). Transcriptional analysis of BMP2 and BMP6 in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Oncology Letters, 30, 448. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15194
MLA
Stoikos, P., Giannakoulas, A., Kouvata, E., Stefani, G., Vassilopoulos, G., Giannakoulas, N."Transcriptional analysis of BMP2 and BMP6 in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma". Oncology Letters 30.4 (2025): 448.
Chicago
Stoikos, P., Giannakoulas, A., Kouvata, E., Stefani, G., Vassilopoulos, G., Giannakoulas, N."Transcriptional analysis of BMP2 and BMP6 in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma". Oncology Letters 30, no. 4 (2025): 448. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15194
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Stoikos P, Giannakoulas A, Kouvata E, Stefani G, Vassilopoulos G and Giannakoulas N: Transcriptional analysis of BMP2 and BMP6 in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Oncol Lett 30: 448, 2025.
APA
Stoikos, P., Giannakoulas, A., Kouvata, E., Stefani, G., Vassilopoulos, G., & Giannakoulas, N. (2025). Transcriptional analysis of BMP2 and BMP6 in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Oncology Letters, 30, 448. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15194
MLA
Stoikos, P., Giannakoulas, A., Kouvata, E., Stefani, G., Vassilopoulos, G., Giannakoulas, N."Transcriptional analysis of BMP2 and BMP6 in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma". Oncology Letters 30.4 (2025): 448.
Chicago
Stoikos, P., Giannakoulas, A., Kouvata, E., Stefani, G., Vassilopoulos, G., Giannakoulas, N."Transcriptional analysis of BMP2 and BMP6 in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma". Oncology Letters 30, no. 4 (2025): 448. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15194
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team