Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
November-2025 Volume 30 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2025 Volume 30 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.pdf
Article Open Access

Prognostic value of inflammation‑ and nutrition‑based biomarkers in patients with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: 
A retrospective study

  • Authors:
    • Sachiko Yamasaki
    • Nanako Ito
    • Atsuko Hamada
    • Fumitaka Obayashi
    • Mirai Higaki
    • Takayuki Nakagawa
    • Shigehiro Ono
    • Koichi Koizumi
    • Tomonao Aikawa
    • Souichi Yanamoto
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734‑8553, Japan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734‑8553, Japan
    Copyright: © Yamasaki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 503
    |
    Published online on: August 28, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15249
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The prognostic value of inflammation‑ and nutrition-based biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. The present study evaluated the prognostic significance of these biomarkers in patients with recurrent or metastatic OSCC (R/M‑OSCC) undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The retrospective study analyzed 45 patients with R/M‑OSCC who were treated with ICIs at Hiroshima University Hospital (Hiroshima, Japan) between October 2017 and December 2024. Clinical and treatment data were collected alongside inflammation‑based prognostic scores (IBPSs). These biomarkers were calculated prior to and 4‑6 weeks after ICI initiation. The 1‑ and 2‑year overall survival (OS) rates for patients were 40 and 22%, respectively, with a median OS of 8.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.2‑14.2). The 1‑ and 2‑year progression‑free survival (PFS) rates for patients were 34 and 6.7%, respectively (median PFS, 5.3 months; 95% CI: 2.7‑7.9). Post‑treatment biomarkers demonstrated superior prognostic value compared with pre‑treatment values. Male sex [hazard ratio (HR)=4.11, P=0.0059] and lower body mass index (HR=3.33, P=0.0188) were significantly associated with poorer OS. Post‑treatment neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (HR=4.17, P=0.0337) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (HR=3.92, P=0.0073) were significantly associated with OS. Post‑treatment NLR (HR=3.80, P=0.0339), lymphocyte-to‑monocyte ratio (LMR) (HR=4.02, P=0.0304) and PNI (HR=2.96, P=0.0342) were significantly associated with PFS. Furthermore, post‑treatment IBPS markers, including NLR (P=0.0006), LMR (P=0.0065), platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (P=0.0396), C‑reactive protein‑to‑albumin ratio (P=0.0062), PNI (P=0.0358) and lymphocyte counts (P=0.0321), were significantly associated with the disease control rate. In conclusion, post‑treatment inflammation‑ and nutrition‑based biomarkers could help clinicians identify early those patients most likely to benefit from ICIs and support the development of individualized treatment strategies.
View Figures

Figure 1

Kaplan-Meier curves for OS. (A) OS of
the ICI-treated cohort, (B) OS of patients receiving ICI
monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, (C) OS of patients
treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab, (D) OS of patients treated
with pembrolizumab or in combination with chemotherapy, and (E) PFS
of the ICI-treated cohort. ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; OS,
overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; CI, confidence
interval; CT, chemotherapy; Nivo, nivolumab; Pem,
pembrolizumab.

Figure 2

Comparison of OS by CPS values. (A)
OS according to CPS values, (B) OS by CPS values in patients
treated with pembrolizumab, and (C) OS by CPS values in patients
treated with nivolumab. CPS, combined positive score; OS, overall
survival.

Figure 3

Kaplan-Meier curves of OS according
to each inflammation-based prognostic score. OS according to the
(A) pre-NLR (A), (B) pre-LMR, (C) pre-PNI, (D) pre-PLR, (E)
pre-CAR, (F) pre-Eo, (G) pre-Ly, (H) post-NLR, (I) post-LMR, (J)
post-PNI, (K) post-PLR, (L) post-CAR, (M) post-Eo, (N) post-Ly and
(O) post-mGPS. CAR, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio; Eo,
eosinophils; LMR, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; Ly, lymphocytes;
mGPS, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score; NLR,
neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; OS, overall survival; PLR,
platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PNI, prognostic nutritional
index.
View References

1 

Werning JW: Oral cancer: Diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation. 1st Edition. Thieme Medical Publishing Group; New York, USA: pp. 12007

2 

Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 74:229–263. 2024.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Olson CM, Burda BU, Beil T and Whitlock EP: Screening for oral cancer: A targeted evidence update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013

4 

Vermorken JB, Mesia R, Rivera F, Remenar E, Kawecki A, Rottey S, Erfan J, Zabolotnyy D, Kienzer HR, Cupissol D, et al: Platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med. 359:1116–1127. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ferris RL, Blumenschein G Jr, Fayette J, Guigay J, Colevas AD, Licitra L, Harrington K, Kasper S, Vokes EE, Even C, et al: Nivolumab for recurrent Squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med. 375:1856–1867. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Cohen EEW, Soulières D, Le Tourneau C, Dinis J, Licitra L, Ahn MJ, Soria A, Machiels JP, Mach N, Mehra R, et al: Pembrolizumab versus standard therapy for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-048): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 393:156–167. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Hanna GJ, Schoenfeld JD and Ferris RL: Immunotherapy approaches in head and neck cancer: Current and emerging strategies. Front Immunol. 13:8409042022.

8 

Zhang P, Su DM, Liang M and Fu J: Chemopreventive agents induce programmed death-1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) surface expression in breast cancer cells and promote PD-L1-mediated T cell apoptosis. Mol Immunol. 45:1470–1476. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Velculescu VE, Zhou S, Diaz LA and Kinzler KW: Cancer genome landscapes. Science. 339:1546–1558. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Fridman WH, Pagès F, Sautès-Fridman C and Galon J: The immune contexture in human tumours: Impact on clinical outcome. Nat Rev Cancer. 12:298–306. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Forrest LM, McMillan DC, McArdle CS, Angerson WJ and Dunlop DJ: Evaluation of cumulative prognostic scores based on the systemic inflammatory response in patients with inoperable Non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 89:1028–1030. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Shibutani M, Maeda K, Nagahara H, Iseki Y, Hirakawa K and Ohira M: The significance of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio as a marker for predicting survival and monitoring chemotherapeutic effectiveness in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. Springerplus. 5:17982016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

An X, Ding PR, Li YH, Wang FH, Shi YX, Wang ZQ, He YJ, Xu RH and Jiang WQ: Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in advanced pancreatic cancer. Biomarkers. 15:516–522. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wu Y, Li C, Zhao J, Yang L, Liu F, Zheng H, Wang Z and Xu Y: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios predict chemotherapy outcomes and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastasis. World J Surg Oncol. 14:2892016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Yang L, Huang Y, Zhou L, Dai Y and Hu G: High pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of poor survival prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Neck. 41:1525–1535. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Rassouli A, Saliba J, Castano R, Hier M and Zeitouni AG: Systemic inflammatory markers as independent prognosticators of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 37:103–110. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Takenaka Y, Oya R, Kitamiura T, Ashida N, Shimizu K, Takemura K, Yamamoto Y and Uno A: Platelet count and platelet-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic markers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Meta-analysis. Head Neck. 40:2714–2723. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Bardash Y, Olson C, Herman W, Khaymovich J, Costantino P and Tham T: Platelet-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of prognosis in head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncol Res Treat. 42:665–677. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Nishikawa D, Suzuki H, Koide Y, Beppu S, Kadowaki S, Sone M and Hanai N: Prognostic markers in head and neck cancer patients treated with nivolumab. Cancers (Basel). 10:4662018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Mohammed FF, Poon I, Zhang L, Elliott L, Hodson ID, Sagar SM and Wright J: Acute-phase response reactants as objective biomarkers of radiation-induced mucositis in head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 34:985–993. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Kano S, Homma A, Hatakeyama H, Mizumachi T, Sakashita T, Kakizaki T and Fukuda S: Pretreatment lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as an independent prognostic factor for head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 39:247–253. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Ikeguchi M: Glasgow prognostic score and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio are good prognostic indicators after radical neck dissection for advanced squamous cell carcinoma in the hypopharynx. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 401:861–866. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Turri-Zanoni M, Salzano G, Lambertoni A, Giovannardi M, Karligkiotis A, Battaglia P and Castelnuovo P: Prognostic value of pretreatment peripheral blood markers in paranasal sinus cancer: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Head Neck. 39:730–736. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Mikoshiba T, Ozawa H, Saito S, Ikari Y, Nakahara N, Ito F, Watanabe Y, Sekimizu M, Imanishi Y and Ogawa K: Usefulness of hematological inflammatory markers in predicting severe side-effects from induction chemotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. Anticancer Res. 39:3059–3065. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Yasumatsu R, Wakasaki T, Hashimoto K, Nakashima K, Manako T, Taura M, Matsuo M and Nakagawa T: Monitoring the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may be useful for predicting the anticancer effect of nivolumab in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 41:2610–2618. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Ferrucci PF, Ascierto PA, Pigozzo J, Del Vecchio M, Maio M, Antonini Cappellini GC, Guidoboni M, Queirolo P, Savoia P, Mandalà M, et al: Baseline neutrophils and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: Prognostic relevance in metastatic melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab. Ann Oncol. 27:732–738. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kiriu T, Yamamoto M, Nagano T, Hazama D, Sekiya R, Katsurada M, Tamura D, Tachihara M, Kobayashi K and Nishimura Y: The time-series behavior of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is useful as a predictive marker in non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One. 13:e01930182018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Sacdalan DB, Lucero JA and Sacdalan DL: Prognostic utility of baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: A review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther. 11:955–965. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Diem S, Schmid S, Krapf M, Flatz L, Born D, Jochum W, Templeton AJ and Früh M: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as prognostic markers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with nivolumab. Lung Cancer. 111:176–181. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Bagley SJ, Kothari S, Aggarwal C, Bauml JM, Alley EW, Evans TL, Kosteva JA, Ciunci CA, Gabriel PE, Thompson JC, et al: Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker of outcomes in nivolumab-treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 106:1–7. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Jain S, Harris J and Ware J: Platelets: Linking hemostasis and cancer. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 30:2362–2367. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Nieswandt B, Hafner M, Echtenacher B and Männel DN: Lysis of tumor cells by natural killer cells in mice is impeded by platelets. Cancer Res. 59:1295–1300. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Sobin LH, Gospodarowicz MK and Wittekind C: TNM classification of malignant tumours. 8th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell; Hoboken, NJ: 2016

34 

Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, et al: New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: Revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 45:228–247. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Granot Z and Jablonska J: Distinct functions of neutrophil in cancer and its regulation. Mediators Inflamm. 2015:7010672015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Ferris RL: Immunology and immunotherapy of head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol. 33:3293–3304. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Pettersen K, Andersen S, Degen S, Tadini V, Grosjean J, Hatakeyama S, Tesfahun AN, Moestue S, Kim J, Nonstad U, et al: Cancer cachexia associates with a systemic autophagy-inducing activity mimicked by cancer cell-derived IL-6 trans-signaling. Sci Rep. 7:20462017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Tanoue K, Tamura S, Kusaba H, Shinohara Y, Ito M, Tsuchihashi K, Shirakawa T, Otsuka T, Ohmura H, Isobe T, et al: Predictive impact of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving nivolumab. Sci Rep. 11:27412021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Duffy SA, Taylor JM, Terrell JE, Islam M, Li Y, Fowler KE, Wolf GT and Teknos TN: Interleukin-6 predicts recurrence and survival among head and neck cancer patients. Cancer. 113:750–757. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Riedel F, Zaiss I, Herzog D, Götte K, Naim R and Hörmann K: Serum levels of interleukin-6 in patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 25:2761–2765. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Ravishankaran P and Karunanithi R: Clinical significance of preoperative serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein level in breast cancer patients. World J Surg Oncol. 9:182011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

McKeown DJ, Brown DJ, Kelly A, Wallace AM and McMillan DC: The relationship between circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 91:1993–1995. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Inoue Y, Iwata T, Okugawa Y, Kawamoto A, Hiro J, Toiyama Y, Tanaka K, Uchida K, Mohri Y, Miki C and Kusunoki M: Prognostic significance of a systemic inflammatory response in patients undergoing multimodality therapy for advanced colorectal cancer. Oncology. 84:100–107. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Matsuki T, Okamoto I, Fushimi C, Sawabe M, Kawakita D, Sato H, Tsukahara K, Kondo T, Okada T, Tada Y, et al: Hematological predictive markers for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck treated with nivolumab: A multicenter study of 88 patients. Cancer Med. 9:5015–5024. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Ueki Y, Takahashi T, Ota H, Shodo R, Yamazaki K and Horii A: Predicting the treatment outcome of nivolumab in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Prognostic value of combined performance status and modified Glasgow prognostic score. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 277:2341–2347. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Niwa K, Kawakita D, Nagao T, Takahashi H, Saotome T, Okazaki M, Yamazaki K, Okamoto I, Hirai H, Saigusa N, et al: Multicentre, retrospective study of the efficacy and safety of nivolumab for recurrent and metastatic salivary gland carcinoma. Sci Rep. 10:169882020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Minohara K, Matoba T, Kawakita D, Takano G, Oguri K, Murashima A, Nakai K, Iwaki S, Hojo W, Matsumura A, et al: Novel Prognostic Score for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer patients treated with Nivolumab. Sci Rep. 11:169922021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Matsuo M, Yasumatsu R, Masuda M, Toh S, Wakasaki T, Hashimoto K, Jiromaru R, Manako T and Nakagawa T: Inflammation-based prognostic score as a prognostic biomarker in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab therapy. In Vivo. 36:907–917. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Wagner DD: New links between inflammation and thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 25:1321–1324. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Stone RL, Nick AM, McNeish IA, Balkwill F, Han HD, Bottsford-Miller J, Rupairmoole R, Armaiz-Pena GN, Pecot CV, Coward J, et al: Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 366:610–618. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Zhang L, Ma W, Qiu Z, Kuang T, Wang K, Hu B and Wang W: Prognostic nutritional index as a prognostic biomarker for gastrointestinal cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Immunol. 14:12199292023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Shoji F, Takeoka H, Kozuma Y, Toyokawa G, Yamazaki K, Ichiki M and Takeo S: Pretreatment prognostic nutritional index as a novel biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Lung Cancer. 136:45–51. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Tachinami H, Tomihara K, Yamada SI, Ikeda A, Imaue S, Hirai H, Nakai H, Sonoda T, Kurohara K, Yoshioka Y, et al: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an early marker of outcomes in patients with recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 61:320–326. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Zhou XH, Obuchowski NA and McClish DK: Statistical methods in diagnostic medicine. 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons; New Jersey: 2011, View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Valero C, Lee M, Hoen D, Zehir A, Berger MF, Seshan VE, Chan TA and Morris LGT: Response rates to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in microsatellite-stable solid tumors with 10 or more mutations per megabase. JAMA Oncol. 7:739–743. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Iwasa YI, Kitoh R, Yokota Y, Hori K, Kasuga M, Kobayashi T, Kanda S and Takumi Y: Post-treatment neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is a prognostic factor in head and neck cancers treated with nivolumab. Cancer Diagn Progn. 4:182–188. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Shaverdian N, Lisberg AE, Bornazyan K, Veruttipong D, Goldman JW, Formenti SC, Garon EB and Lee P: Previous radiotherapy and the clinical activity and toxicity of pembrolizumab in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: A secondary analysis of the KEYNOTE-001 phase 1 trial. Lancet Oncol. 18:895–903. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Öjlert ÅK, Nebdal D, Lund-Iversen M, Åstrøm Ellefsen R, Brustugun OT, Gran JM, Halvorsen AR and Helland Å: Immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer-predictors of response and impact of previous radiotherapy. Acta Oncol. 60:149–156. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Shankar B, Zhang J, Naqash AR, Forde PM, Feliciano JL, Marrone KA, Ettinger DS, Hann CL, Brahmer JR, Ricciuti B, et al: Multisystem immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. JAMA Oncol. 6:1952–1956. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Hsiehchen D, Naqash AR, Espinoza M, Von Itzstein MS, Cortellini A, Ricciuti B, Owen DH, Laharwal M, Toi Y, Burke M, et al: Association between immune-related adverse event timing and treatment outcomes. Oncoimmunology. 11:20171622022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Wang M, Zhai X, Li J, Guan J, Xu S, Li Y and Zhu H: The role of cytokines in predicting the response and adverse events related to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Immunol. 12:6703912021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Fehrenbacher L, Spira A, Ballinger M, Kowanetz M, Vansteenkiste J, Mazieres J, Park K, Smith D, Artal-Cortes A, Lewanski C, et al: Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): A multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 387:1837–1846. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Sanmamed MF, Perez-Gracia JL, Schalper KA, Fusco JP, Gonzalez A, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Oñate C, Perez G, Alfaro C, Martín-Algarra S, et al: Changes in serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels reflect and predict response to anti-PD-1 treatment in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 28:1988–1995. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

McGranahan N, Furness AJ, Rosenthal R, Ramskov S, Lyngaa R, Saini SK, Jamal-Hanjani M, Wilson GA, Birkbak NJ, Hiley CT, et al: Clonal neoantigens elicit T cell immunoreactivity and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade. Science. 351:1463–1469. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Miao D, Margolis CA, Vokes NI, Liu D, Taylor-Weiner A, Wankowicz SM, Adeegbe D, Keliher D, Schilling B, Tracy A, et al: Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade in microsatellite-stable solid tumors. Nat Genet. 50:1271–1281. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Giroux Leprieur E, Hélias-Rodzewicz Z, Takam Kamga P, Costantini A, Julie C, Corjon A, Dumenil C, Dumoulin J, Giraud V, Labrune S, et al: Sequential ctDNA whole-exome sequencing in advanced lung adenocarcinoma with initial durable tumor response on immune checkpoint inhibitor and late progression. J Immunother Cancer. 8:e0005272020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Guibert N, Jones G, Beeler JF, Plagnol V, Morris C, Mourlanette J, Delaunay M, Keller L, Rouquette I, Favre G, et al: Targeted sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA to predict response to PD1 inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 137:1–6. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Zhang W, Li Y, Lyu J, Shi F, Kong Y, Sheng C, Wang S and Wang Q: An aging-related signature predicts favorable outcome and immunogenicity in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci. 113:891–903. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, Chow LQ, Vokes EE, Felip E, Holgado E, et al: Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 373:1627–1639. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Arbour KC, Mezquita L, Long N, Rizvi H, Auclin E, Ni A, Martínez-Bernal G, Ferrara R, Lai WV, Hendriks LEL, et al: Impact of baseline steroids on efficacy of programmed cell death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 blockade in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 36:2872–2878. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Liu C, Guo H, Mao H, Tong J, Yang M and Yan X: An up-to-date investigation into the correlation between proton pump inhibitor use and the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced solid cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 12:7532342022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Ochi N, Ichihara E, Takigawa N, Harada D, Inoue K, Shibayama T, Hosokawa S, Kishino D, Harita S, Oda N, et al: The effects of antibiotics on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer differ based on PD-L1 expression. Eur J Cancer. 149:73–81. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yamasaki S, Ito N, Hamada A, Obayashi F, Higaki M, Nakagawa T, Ono S, Koizumi K, Aikawa T, Yanamoto S, Yanamoto S, et al: Prognostic value of inflammation‑ and nutrition‑based biomarkers in patients with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors:&nbsp;<br />A retrospective study. Oncol Lett 30: 503, 2025.
APA
Yamasaki, S., Ito, N., Hamada, A., Obayashi, F., Higaki, M., Nakagawa, T. ... Yanamoto, S. (2025). Prognostic value of inflammation‑ and nutrition‑based biomarkers in patients with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors:&nbsp;<br />A retrospective study. Oncology Letters, 30, 503. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15249
MLA
Yamasaki, S., Ito, N., Hamada, A., Obayashi, F., Higaki, M., Nakagawa, T., Ono, S., Koizumi, K., Aikawa, T., Yanamoto, S."Prognostic value of inflammation‑ and nutrition‑based biomarkers in patients with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors:&nbsp;<br />A retrospective study". Oncology Letters 30.5 (2025): 503.
Chicago
Yamasaki, S., Ito, N., Hamada, A., Obayashi, F., Higaki, M., Nakagawa, T., Ono, S., Koizumi, K., Aikawa, T., Yanamoto, S."Prognostic value of inflammation‑ and nutrition‑based biomarkers in patients with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors:&nbsp;<br />A retrospective study". Oncology Letters 30, no. 5 (2025): 503. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15249
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yamasaki S, Ito N, Hamada A, Obayashi F, Higaki M, Nakagawa T, Ono S, Koizumi K, Aikawa T, Yanamoto S, Yanamoto S, et al: Prognostic value of inflammation‑ and nutrition‑based biomarkers in patients with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors:&nbsp;<br />A retrospective study. Oncol Lett 30: 503, 2025.
APA
Yamasaki, S., Ito, N., Hamada, A., Obayashi, F., Higaki, M., Nakagawa, T. ... Yanamoto, S. (2025). Prognostic value of inflammation‑ and nutrition‑based biomarkers in patients with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors:&nbsp;<br />A retrospective study. Oncology Letters, 30, 503. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15249
MLA
Yamasaki, S., Ito, N., Hamada, A., Obayashi, F., Higaki, M., Nakagawa, T., Ono, S., Koizumi, K., Aikawa, T., Yanamoto, S."Prognostic value of inflammation‑ and nutrition‑based biomarkers in patients with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors:&nbsp;<br />A retrospective study". Oncology Letters 30.5 (2025): 503.
Chicago
Yamasaki, S., Ito, N., Hamada, A., Obayashi, F., Higaki, M., Nakagawa, T., Ono, S., Koizumi, K., Aikawa, T., Yanamoto, S."Prognostic value of inflammation‑ and nutrition‑based biomarkers in patients with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors:&nbsp;<br />A retrospective study". Oncology Letters 30, no. 5 (2025): 503. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15249
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team