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Case Report Open Access

Synchronous rectal and endometrial cancer: A case report and literature review

  • Authors:
    • Zhuofan Li
    • Li Peng
    • Qing Su
    • Beige Zong
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Class 1, Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 2021, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China, Department of General Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 7
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    Published online on: October 24, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15360
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Abstract

Rectal cancer (RC) and endometrial cancer (EC) are among the most prevalent malignancies globally. However, their synchronous occurrence is rare. The current report presents a case of synchronous RC and EC, accompanied by a literature review, to provide insight into the diagnosis and management of such cases. A 54‑year‑old postmenopausal woman presented with intermittent vaginal bleeding and tenesmus. Diagnostic evaluations revealed synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma involving the cervix of the cervix and rectal adenocarcinoma. Following a multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion, an open radical resection was performed. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnoses. The patient is currently undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A total of five follow‑up assessments have indicated that the patient's recovery is satisfactory. Synchronous carcinomas are uncommon, particularly those involving both the rectum and endometrium. The etiological factors include genetic mutations, obesity and hormonal influences. Early diagnosis is critical for treatment decision‑making. Radical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, although the prognosis of synchronous carcinomas is generally poorer than that of metachronous carcinomas. The present case highlights the importance of MDT collaboration in managing complex malignancies.
View Figures

Figure 1

Pathological and immunohistochemical
images of the patient's preoperative cervical biopsy. Hematoxylin
and eosin staining of cervical tissue (A) core and (B) peripheral
areas (×100 magnification). (C) Cervical immunohistochemistry
results indicating estrogen receptor positivity (×100
magnification). (D) Cervical immunohistochemistry results
indicating progesterone receptor positivity (×100
magnification).

Figure 2

Pathological and immunohistochemical
images of the patient's preoperative cervical biopsy. (A) Cervical
immunohistochemistry results indicating cytokeratin 7 positivity
(×100 magnification). (B) Cervical immunohistochemistry results
indicating a Ki-67 proliferation index >80% (×200
magnification).

Figure 3

Fibrocolonoscopic biopsy images of
the patient's preoperative rectal biopsy and preoperative rectal
immunohistochemistry results. (A) Fibrocolonoscopic biopsy
revealing the presence of rectal adenocarcinoma (indicated by
arrow). Immunohistochemistry results indicating (B) an estrogen
receptor-negative result (×100 magnification) and (C) a
progesterone receptor-negative result for the rectal tumor (×100
magnification).

Figure 4

Preoperative rectal
immunohistochemistry results. (A) Immunohistochemistry results
indicating cytokeratin 20 positivity in the rectal tumor (×100
magnification). (B) Immunohistochemistry results indicating
sequence-binding protein 2 positivity in the rectal tumor (×200
magnification). (C) Immunohistochemistry results indicating a Ki-67
proliferation index >70% in the rectal tumor (×100
magnification).

Figure 5

Enhanced pelvic magnetic resonance
imaging scan. Arrow 1 and arrow 2 point to the rectal lesion and
the uterine lesion, respectively.

Figure 6

Postoperative gross specimen of the
resected rectum and sigmoid colon, the resected uterus, uterine
adnexa and lymph nodes. (A) The tumor was located at the junction
of the rectum and sigmoid colon. There was no association with the
uterine lesion. (B) Endometrial cancer specimen. (C) Rectal cancer
specimen. (D) Rectum and uterus (split specimen: Uterine adnexa and
lymph nodes).

Figure 7

Preoperative and postoperative
pathological examination revealing endometrioid adenocarcinoma of
the cervix. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the patient's
preoperative cervical biopsy (×100 magnification). (B) Hematoxylin
and eosin staining of the patient's postoperative cervical biopsy
(×100 magnification). The cancerous tissue invaded the entire
uterine cavity and extended downward to the cervical wall.

Figure 8

Postoperative immunohistochemistry.
(A) Rectal postmeiotic segregation increased 2 positivity (×100
magnification). (B) Rectal MutL Homolog 1 positivity (×100
magnification). (C) Rectal MSH2 positivity (×100 magnification).
(D) Rectal MSH6 positivity (×100 magnification). MSH, MutS
Homolog.

Figure 9

Magnetic resonance image captured 3
months after chemotherapy. No evidence of suspected regions of
cancer was found after treatment.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li Z, Peng L, Su Q and Zong B: Synchronous rectal and endometrial cancer: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 31: 7, 2026.
APA
Li, Z., Peng, L., Su, Q., & Zong, B. (2026). Synchronous rectal and endometrial cancer: A case report and literature review. Oncology Letters, 31, 7. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15360
MLA
Li, Z., Peng, L., Su, Q., Zong, B."Synchronous rectal and endometrial cancer: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 31.1 (2026): 7.
Chicago
Li, Z., Peng, L., Su, Q., Zong, B."Synchronous rectal and endometrial cancer: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 31, no. 1 (2026): 7. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15360
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li Z, Peng L, Su Q and Zong B: Synchronous rectal and endometrial cancer: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 31: 7, 2026.
APA
Li, Z., Peng, L., Su, Q., & Zong, B. (2026). Synchronous rectal and endometrial cancer: A case report and literature review. Oncology Letters, 31, 7. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15360
MLA
Li, Z., Peng, L., Su, Q., Zong, B."Synchronous rectal and endometrial cancer: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 31.1 (2026): 7.
Chicago
Li, Z., Peng, L., Su, Q., Zong, B."Synchronous rectal and endometrial cancer: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 31, no. 1 (2026): 7. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15360
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