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Case Report Open Access

Integrated diagnostic evaluation of multiple malignant neoplasms via 99mTc‑MDP three‑phase bone imaging: A case report

  • Authors:
    • Jing-Yi Lian
    • Jian-Lin Lu
    • Hui-Yu Zheng
    • Si-Xia Yuan
    • Jin-Shan Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lian et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 59
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    Published online on: December 1, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15412
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Abstract

Multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMNs) are two or more independent cancer types arising in different organs, either at the same time or one after another. Diagnosing MPMNs is often difficult as multiple organs can be involved and early symptoms may be subtle or absent. The present study reports the case of a 79‑year‑old man with a recurrent left forearm mass whose 99mTc‑labeled methylene diphosphonate (99mTc‑MDP) three‑phase bone scan unexpectedly showed a classic ‘superscan’. Surgical pathology confirmed two primary malignancies: Subcutaneous myxofibrosarcoma and prostate cancer with extensive bone metastases. The present case illustrates how 99mTc‑MDP imaging, especially when combined with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography, can reveal both soft‑tissue tumors and diffuse skeletal involvement, thereby improving early detection of MPMNs.
View Figures

Figure 1

Axial, coronal and sagittal MRI scans
of the left forearm with multiple malignant tumors. (A) Axial T1-
and (B) T2-weighted images of the larger lesion. (C) Coronal
T1-weighted contrast-enhanced image of entire lesion. (D) Axial T1-
and (E) Axial T2-weighted images of the smaller lesion. (F)
Coronary PDW-weighted image of entire lesion. (G) Sagittal
T1-weighted and (H) Sagittal T1-weighted contrast-enhanced images
of the larger lesion. (I) Sagittal T2-weighted and (J) Sagittal T2
fat-suppressed images of the larger lesion. (K) Sagittal
T1-weighted and (L) Sagittal T1-weighted contrast-enhanced images
of the smaller lesion. (M) Sagittal T2-weighted and (N) Sagittal T2
fat-suppressed images of the smaller lesion. The two largest
lesions measured 46×27×60 and 38×12×72 mm. The lesions exhibited
uneven enhancement in T1-weighted images and displayed
heterogeneous iso- and hyperintense signals in T2-weighted images.
The PDWI sequences also demonstrated high signal intensity, while
contrast-enhanced scans revealed heterogeneous and marked
enhancement. MRI demonstrated subcutaneous lesions with
heterogeneous enhancement, clearly separated from surrounding
muscle tissue. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PDWI, proton
density-weighted imaging.

Figure 2

99mTc-labeled methylene
diphosphonate three-phase bone imaging of the dual primary
myxofibrosarcoma involving subcutaneous tissue and prostate cancer
with multiple bone metastases. (A) Blood perfusion phase showing
the blood flow phase of the left forearm, indicating increased
local perfusion (red arrow). (B) Blood pool phase showing the blood
pool phase, revealing a focal area of radiotracer accumulation in
the left forearm (red arrow). (C) Whole-body three-phase bone
imaging demonstrating significantly increased radiotracer uptake
across the skeleton, consistent with a ‘superscan’ appearance. (D)
Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography
fusion image (lumbar, pelvic and forearm regions) in bone window
settings, identifying multiple patchy areas of increased bone
density (yellow arrow), predominantly indicative of osteoblastic
activity.

Figure 3

High-resolution thin-section CT of
pelvis and prostate. (A) (Bone window) Multiple areas of
osteoblastic bone destruction in the pelvic transverse plane. (B)
(Bone window) Multiple areas of osteoblastic bone destruction in
the femoral head transverse plane. (C) (Bone window) Multiple areas
of osteoblastic bone destruction in the pelvic coronal plane. (D)
(Soft tissue window) The prostate gland demonstrated marked
enlargement with calcification.

Figure 4

Pathological biopsy of multiple
lesions in the left forearm. (A) Gross specimen image of tumor
tissue from the left forearm. (B) Tumor cells exhibiting sheet-like
growth patterns with lymphocytic infiltration visible in the stroma
and perivascular areas. (C) Mucinous degeneration is present in
portions of the stroma. (D) Mucinous degeneration is present in
portions of the stroma in another section. Hematoxylin and eosin
staining; magnification, ×100.

Figure 5

Representative immunohistochemical
staining of myxofibrosarcoma and pubic bone metastasis. (A) Ki-67,
(B) desmin, (C) p16, (D) p53, (E) MDM2, (F) β-catenin, (G)
Pan-tropomyosin receptor kinase, (H) S-100, (I) smooth muscle
actin, (J) CD34, (K) prostate-specific antigen, (L) cytokeratin.
Magnification, ×100.

Figure 6

Absence of marker expression in
myxofibrosarcoma and pubic symphysis metastasis. (A) Anaplastic
lymphoma kinase, (B) SRY-box transcription factor 10, (C) reticulin
stain, (D) CD3, (E) CD20, (F) CD61, (G) CD235a, (H) myeloperoxidase
and (I) CD38 staining. Magnification, ×100.

Figure 7

Pathological biopsy of the pubic
bone. (A) Multiple gray-white gross specimens from the pubic bone.
(B) Anisomorphic epithelial-like cells (cancer cells) with
infiltrative growth are visible in the fibrous tissue. (C) Another
section demonstrates cellular atypical growth. Hematoxylin and
eosin staining; magnification, ×200.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lian J, Lu J, Zheng H, Yuan S and Zhang J: Integrated diagnostic evaluation of multiple malignant neoplasms via <sup>99m</sup>Tc‑MDP three‑phase bone imaging: A case report. Oncol Lett 31: 59, 2026.
APA
Lian, J., Lu, J., Zheng, H., Yuan, S., & Zhang, J. (2026). Integrated diagnostic evaluation of multiple malignant neoplasms via <sup>99m</sup>Tc‑MDP three‑phase bone imaging: A case report. Oncology Letters, 31, 59. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15412
MLA
Lian, J., Lu, J., Zheng, H., Yuan, S., Zhang, J."Integrated diagnostic evaluation of multiple malignant neoplasms via <sup>99m</sup>Tc‑MDP three‑phase bone imaging: A case report". Oncology Letters 31.2 (2026): 59.
Chicago
Lian, J., Lu, J., Zheng, H., Yuan, S., Zhang, J."Integrated diagnostic evaluation of multiple malignant neoplasms via <sup>99m</sup>Tc‑MDP three‑phase bone imaging: A case report". Oncology Letters 31, no. 2 (2026): 59. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15412
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lian J, Lu J, Zheng H, Yuan S and Zhang J: Integrated diagnostic evaluation of multiple malignant neoplasms via <sup>99m</sup>Tc‑MDP three‑phase bone imaging: A case report. Oncol Lett 31: 59, 2026.
APA
Lian, J., Lu, J., Zheng, H., Yuan, S., & Zhang, J. (2026). Integrated diagnostic evaluation of multiple malignant neoplasms via <sup>99m</sup>Tc‑MDP three‑phase bone imaging: A case report. Oncology Letters, 31, 59. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15412
MLA
Lian, J., Lu, J., Zheng, H., Yuan, S., Zhang, J."Integrated diagnostic evaluation of multiple malignant neoplasms via <sup>99m</sup>Tc‑MDP three‑phase bone imaging: A case report". Oncology Letters 31.2 (2026): 59.
Chicago
Lian, J., Lu, J., Zheng, H., Yuan, S., Zhang, J."Integrated diagnostic evaluation of multiple malignant neoplasms via <sup>99m</sup>Tc‑MDP three‑phase bone imaging: A case report". Oncology Letters 31, no. 2 (2026): 59. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15412
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