Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
February-2026 Volume 31 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2026 Volume 31 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.pdf
Article Open Access

Identifying myosin heavy chain 11 as a predictive biomarker of prostate cancer progression and antiandrogen resistance

  • Authors:
    • Cong Chen
    • Zhi Li
    • Jianliang Shen
    • Guilin Xie
    • Liangming Pan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, Shanghai 201505, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 77
    |
    Published online on: December 15, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15430
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:


Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) poses a serious threat to the health of older men, with incidence rates steadily increasing worldwide. Antiandrogen drugs can effectively prolong survival in patients with PCa; however, resistance often develops after prolonged treatment and the mechanisms underlying this resistance remain to be elucidated. In the present study, genes that may serve key roles in antiandrogen drug resistance in PCa were investigated. Using the GSE211781 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, the present study analyzed RNA‑sequencing data from lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) cell lines resistant to three antiandrogen drugs: Bicalutamide, enzalutamide and apalutamide. The present study identified 54 differentially expressed genes common to all three resistant lines, of which nine hub genes were confirmed using protein‑protein interaction network analysis. Among these, myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) emerged as a key gene associated with both PCa progression and patient prognosis. Functional assays in C4‑2 and LNCaP cells further indicated that MYH11 modulates sensitivity to bicalutamide and enzalutamide. Collectively, the present study findings suggest that MYH11 may serve as a potential predictive biomarker of PCa development and antiandrogen drug resistance in the future.
View Figures

Figure 1

A total of nine hub genes among 54
ADRGs are key for resistance to antiandrogen drugs in LNCaP cells.
(A) A total of 54 ADRGs were identified in LNCaP cells resistant to
BIC, ENZ and APN. (B) Overall, nine hub genes were identified from
the PPI network. ADRGs, antiandrogen drug resistance genes; LNCaP,
lymph node carcinoma of the prostate; BIC, bicalutamide; ENZ,
enzalutamide; APN, apalutamide; PPI, protein-protein
interaction.

Figure 2

Expression levels of nine hub genes
from ADRGs in PCa tissues and healthy prostate tissues analyzed
using the GEPIA online tool based on TCGA. Expression levels of (A)
BCHE, (B) CCDC80, (C) CD200, (D) COL5A1, (E) COL27A1, (F) GCG, (G)
IL1B, (H) MYH11 and (I) NTS. *P<0.05. ADRGs, antiandrogen drug
resistance genes; PCa, prostate cancer; GEPIA, Gene Expression
Profiling Interactive Analysis; TGCA, The Cancer Genome Atlas;
CD200, cluster of differentiation 200; BCHE, butyrylcholinesterase;
CCDC80, coiled-coil domain containing 80; COL5A1, collagen type V α
1 chain; COL27A1, collagen type XXVII α 1 chain; GCG, glucagon;
IL1B, interleukin 1β; MYH11, myosin heavy chain 11; NTS,
neurotensin; PRAD, prostate adenocarcinoma; T, tumor; N,
normal.

Figure 3

Expression levels of nine hub genes
from ADRGs in the CPGEA database. CPGEA, Chinese Prostate Cancer
Genome and Epigenome Atlas; ADRGs, antiandrogen drug resistance
genes; NTS, neurotensin; GCG, glucagon; IL1B, interleukin 1β; BCHE,
butyrylcholinesterase; CCDC80, coiled-coil domain containing 80;
COL5A1, collagen type V α 1 chain; COL27A1, collagen type XXVII α 1
chain; MYH11, myosin heavy chain 11; CD200, cluster of
differentiation 200.

Figure 4

Expression levels of nine hub genes
from ADRGs in patients with PCa and different tumor stages (data
from TGCA). (A) T stage (B) N stage. *P<0.05. ADRGs,
antiandrogen drug resistance genes; PCa, prostate cancer; TGCA, The
Cancer Genome Atlas; T, tumor; N, lymph node; NTS, neurotensin;
GCG, glucagon; IL1B, interleukin 1β; BCHE, butyrylcholinesterase;
CCDC80, coiled-coil domain containing 80; COL5A1, collagen type V α
1 chain; COL27A1, collagen type XXVII α 1 chain; MYH11, myosin
heavy chain 11; CD200, cluster of differentiation 200.

Figure 5

Association between the expression
levels of nine hub genes from ADRGs and DFS status from the GEPIA
online tool based on TCGA. (A) BCHE (B) CCDC80 (C) CD200 (D) COL5A1
(E) COL27A1 (F) GCG (G) IL1B (H) MYH11 (I) NTS. DFS, disease-free
survival; ADRGs, antiandrogen drug resistance genes; GEPIA, Gene
Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis; TGCA, The Cancer Genome
Atlas; CD200, cluster of differentiation 200; BCHE,
butyrylcholinesterase; CCDC80, coiled-coil domain containing 80;
COL5A1, collagen type V α 1 chain; COL27A1, collagen type XXVII α 1
chain; GCG, glucagon, IL1B, interleukin 1 β; MYH11, myosin heavy
chain 11; NTS, neurotensin.

Figure 6

Role of MYH11 in C4-2 cells resistant
to BIC and ENZ. (A) Protein levels of MYH11 in C4-2 cells treated
by BIC. (B) Protein levels of MYH11 in C4-2 cells treated by ENZ.
Proliferative ability of C4-2 cells after BIC (C) and ENZ (D)
treatment. (E) Protein levels of MYH11 after C4-2 PCa cells are
transduced with shMYH11 lentivirus. Proliferative ability of C4-2
cells after BIC (F) and ENZ (G) treatment after MYH11 knockdown.
MYH11, myosin heavy chain 11; BIC, bicalutamide; ENZ, enzalutamide;
APN, apalutamide; sh, short hairpin RNA.
View References

1 

Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 74:12–49. 2024.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Fu ZT, Guo XL, Zhang SW, Zheng RS, Zeng HM, Chen R, Wang SM, Sun KX, Wei WW and He J: Statistical analysis of incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China, 2015. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 42:718–722. 2020.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

3 

Sekhoacha M, Riet K, Motloung P, Gumenku L, Adegoke A and Mashele S: Prostate cancer review: Genetics, diagnosis, treatment options, and alternative approaches. Molecules. 27:57302022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Debes JD and Tindall DJ: Mechanisms of androgen-refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 351:1488–1490. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Watson PA, Arora VK and Sawyers CL: Emerging mechanisms of resistance to androgen receptor inhibitors in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 15:701–711. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ross RW, Xie W, Regan MM, Pomerantz M, Nakabayashi M, Daskivich TJ, Sartor O, Taplin ME, Kantoff PW and Oh WK: Efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with advanced prostate cancer: Association between Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen level, and prior ADT exposure with duration of ADT effect. Cancer. 112:1247–1253. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Garje R, Chennamadhavuni A, Mott SL, Chambers IM, Gellhaus P, Zakharia Y and Brown JA: Utilization and outcomes of surgical castration in comparison to medical castration in metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 18:e157–e166. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Patke R, Harris AE, Woodcock CL, Thompson R, Santos R, Kumari A, Allegrucci C, Archer N, Gudas LJ, Robinson BD, et al: Epitranscriptomic mechanisms of androgen signalling and prostate cancer. Neoplasia. 56:1010322024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Kolvenbag GJ and Nash A: Bicalutamide dosages used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate. 39:47–53. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Scott LJ: Enzalutamide: A review in Castration-resistant prostate cancer. Drugs. 78:1913–1924. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Clegg NJ, Wongvipat J, Joseph JD, Tran C, Ouk S, Dilhas A, Chen Y, Grillot K, Bischoff ED, Cai L, et al: ARN-509: A novel antiandrogen for prostate cancer treatment. Cancer Res. 72:1494–1503. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Chen X, Li H, Liu B, Wang X, Zhou W, Wu G and Xu C: Identification and validation of MSMB as a critical gene for prostate cancer development in obese people. Am J Cancer Res. 13:1582–1593. 2023.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Chen X, Ma J, Wang X, Zi T, Qian D, Li C and Xu C: CCNB1 and AURKA are critical genes for prostate cancer progression and castration-resistant prostate cancer resistant to vinblastine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 13:11061752022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Li H, Wang X, Zhai M, Xu C and Chen X: Exploration of the influence of GOLGA8B on prostate cancer progression and the resistance of castration-resistant prostate cancer to cabazitaxel. Discov Oncol. 15:1522024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Ma J, Qin X, Le W, Chen X, Wang X and Xu C: Identification of BBC3 as a novel indicator for predicting prostate cancer development and olaparib resistance. Discov Oncol. 15:4962024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Chen X, Wu Y, Wang X, Xu C, Wang L, Jian J, Wu D and Wu G: CDK6 is upregulated and may be a potential therapeutic target in Enzalutamide-resistant castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur J Med Res. 27:1052022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Barrett T, Wilhite SE, Ledoux P, Evangelista C, Kim IF, Tomashevsky M, Marshall KA, Phillippy KH, Sherman PM, Holko M, et al: NCBI GEO: Archive for functional genomics data sets-update. Nucleic Acids Res. 41:D991–D995. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Blum A, Wang P and Zenklusen JC: SnapShot: TCGA-Analyzed tumors. Cell. 173:5302018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Li J, Xu C, Lee HJ, Ren S, Zi X, Zhang Z, Wang H, Yu Y, Yang C, Gao X, et al: A genomic and epigenomic atlas of prostate cancer in Asian populations. Nature. 580:93–99. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Chawla S, Rockstroh A, Lehman M, Ratther E, Jain A, Anand A, Gupta A, Bhattacharya N, Poonia S, Rai P, et al: Gene expression based inference of cancer drug sensitivity. Nat Commun. 13:56802022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

He Y, Wei T, Ye Z, Orme JJ, Lin D, Sheng H, Fazli L, Jeffrey Karnes R, Jimenez R, Wang L, et al: A noncanonical AR addiction drives enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer. Nat Commun. 12:15212021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Shah S, Carriveau WJ, Li J, Campbell SL, Kopinski PK, Lim HW, Daurio N, Trefely S, Won KJ, Wallace DC, et al: Targeting ACLY sensitizes castration-resistant prostate cancer cells to AR antagonism by impinging on an ACLY-AMPK-AR feedback mechanism. Oncotarget. 7:43713–43730. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, Hu Y, Law CW, Shi W and Smyth GK: Limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43:e472015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Tang Z, Li C, Kang B, Gao G, Li C and Zhang Z: GEPIA: A web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses. Nucleic Acids Res. 45:W98–W102. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Szklarczyk D, Morris JH, Cook H, Kuhn M, Wyder S, Simonovic M, Santos A, Doncheva NT, Roth A, Bork P, et al: The STRING database in 2017: Quality-controlled Protein-protein association networks, made broadly accessible. Nucleic Acids Res. 45:D362–D368. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, Amin N, Schwikowski B and Ideker T: Cytoscape: A software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res. 13:2498–2504. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Chen X, Ma J, Xu C, Wang L, Yao Y, Wang X, Zi T, Bian C, Wu D and Wu G: Identification of hub genes predicting the development of prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia and analyzing their clinical value in prostate cancer by bioinformatic analysis. Discov Oncol. 13:542022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Chen X, Li H, Xu C, Wang X, Wu G, Li C and Wu D: CYP19A1 is downregulated by BRD4 and suppresses castration-resistant prostate cancer cell invasion and proliferation by decreasing AR expression. Am J Cancer Res. 13:4003–4020. 2023.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Paner GP, Stadler WM, Hansel DE, Montironi R, Lin DW and Amin MB: Updates in the eighth edition of the Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging classification for urologic cancers. Eur Urol. 73:560–569. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 74:229–263. 2024.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Etzioni R, Tsodikov A, Mariotto A, Szabo A, Falcon S, Wegelin J, DiTommaso D, Karnofski K, Gulati R, Penson DF and Feuer E: Quantifying the role of PSA screening in the US prostate cancer mortality decline. Cancer Causes Control. 19:175–181. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Arsov C, Winter C, Rabenalt R and Albers P: Current second-line treatment options for patients with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) resistant to docetaxel. Urol Oncol. 30:762–771. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Fradet Y: Bicalutamide (Casodex) in the treatment of prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 4:37–48. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Armstrong AJ, Azad AA, Iguchi T, Szmulewitz RZ, Petrylak DP, Holzbeierlein J, Villers A, Alcaraz A, Alekseev B, Shore ND, et al: Improved survival with enzalutamide in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 40:1616–1622. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Smith MR, Saad F, Chowdhury S, Oudard S, Hadaschik BA, Graff JN, Olmos D, Mainwaring PN, Lee JY, Uemura H, et al: Apalutamide treatment and Metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 378:1408–1418. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zhang Z, Zhou C, Li X, Barnes SD, Deng S, Hoover E, Chen CC, Lee YS, Zhang Y, Wang C, et al: Loss of CHD1 Promotes heterogeneous mechanisms of resistance to AR-Targeted therapy via chromatin dysregulation. Cancer Cell. 37:584–598.e11. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Zhang Z, Karthaus WR, Lee YS, Gao VR, Wu C, Russo JW, Liu M, Mota JM, Abida W, Linton E, et al: Tumor Microenvironment-derived NRG1 promotes antiandrogen resistance in prostate cancer. Cancer Cell. 38:279–296.e9. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Spans L, Helsen C, Clinckemalie L, Van den Broeck T, Prekovic S, Joniau S, Lerut E and Claessens F: Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of LNCaP and C4-2B prostate cancer cell lines. PLoS One. 9:e900022014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Nie MJ, Pan XT, Tao HY, Xu MJ, Liu SL, Sun W, Wu J and Zou X: Clinical and prognostic significance of MYH11 in lung cancer. Oncol Lett. 19:3899–3906. 2020.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Islam T, Rahman R, Gov E, Turanli B, Gulfidan G, Haque A, Arga KY and Haque Mollah N: Drug targeting and biomarkers in head and neck cancers: Insights from systems biology analyses. OMICS. 22:422–436. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Wang J, Xu P, Hao Y, Yu T, Liu L, Song Y and Li Y: Interaction between DNMT3B and MYH11 via hypermethylation regulates gastric cancer progression. BMC Cancer. 21:9142021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Cho BS, Min GJ, Park SS, Park S, Jeon YW, Shin SH, Yahng SA, Yoon JH, Lee SE, Eom KS, et al: Prognostic values of D816V KIT mutation and Peri-transplant CBFB-MYH11 MRD monitoring on acute myeloid leukemia with CBFB-MYH11. Bone Marrow Transplant. 56:2682–2689. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Ishikawa Y, Kawashima N, Atsuta Y, Sugiura I, Sawa M, Dobashi N, Yokoyama H, Doki N, Tomita A, Kiguchi T, et al: Prospective evaluation of prognostic impact of KIT mutations on acute myeloid leukemia with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and CBFB-MYH11. Blood Adv. 4:66–75. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Alhopuro P, Karhu A, Winqvist R, Waltering K, Visakorpi T and Aaltonen LA: Somatic mutation analysis of MYH11 in breast and prostate cancer. BMC Cancer. 8:2632008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Huang Y, Cao Q, Song Z, Ruan H, Wang K, Chen K and Zhang X: The identification of key gene expression signature in prostate cancer. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 30:153–168. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Aurilio G, Cimadamore A, Mazzucchelli R, Lopez-Beltran A, Verri E, Scarpelli M, Massari F, Cheng L, Santoni M and Montironi R: Androgen receptor signaling pathway in prostate cancer: From genetics to clinical applications. Cells. 9:26532020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Okumu LA, Bruinton S, Braden TD, Simon L and Goyal HO: Estrogen-induced maldevelopment of the penis involves down-regulation of myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) expression, a biomarker for smooth muscle cell differentiation. Biol Reprod. 87:1092012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen C, Li Z, Shen J, Xie G and Pan L: Identifying myosin heavy chain 11 as a predictive biomarker of prostate cancer progression and antiandrogen resistance. Oncol Lett 31: 77, 2026.
APA
Chen, C., Li, Z., Shen, J., Xie, G., & Pan, L. (2026). Identifying myosin heavy chain 11 as a predictive biomarker of prostate cancer progression and antiandrogen resistance. Oncology Letters, 31, 77. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15430
MLA
Chen, C., Li, Z., Shen, J., Xie, G., Pan, L."Identifying myosin heavy chain 11 as a predictive biomarker of prostate cancer progression and antiandrogen resistance". Oncology Letters 31.2 (2026): 77.
Chicago
Chen, C., Li, Z., Shen, J., Xie, G., Pan, L."Identifying myosin heavy chain 11 as a predictive biomarker of prostate cancer progression and antiandrogen resistance". Oncology Letters 31, no. 2 (2026): 77. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15430
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen C, Li Z, Shen J, Xie G and Pan L: Identifying myosin heavy chain 11 as a predictive biomarker of prostate cancer progression and antiandrogen resistance. Oncol Lett 31: 77, 2026.
APA
Chen, C., Li, Z., Shen, J., Xie, G., & Pan, L. (2026). Identifying myosin heavy chain 11 as a predictive biomarker of prostate cancer progression and antiandrogen resistance. Oncology Letters, 31, 77. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15430
MLA
Chen, C., Li, Z., Shen, J., Xie, G., Pan, L."Identifying myosin heavy chain 11 as a predictive biomarker of prostate cancer progression and antiandrogen resistance". Oncology Letters 31.2 (2026): 77.
Chicago
Chen, C., Li, Z., Shen, J., Xie, G., Pan, L."Identifying myosin heavy chain 11 as a predictive biomarker of prostate cancer progression and antiandrogen resistance". Oncology Letters 31, no. 2 (2026): 77. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15430
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team