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Case Report Open Access

Individualized management strategies for advanced non‑small cell lung cancer with EGFR exon 19 deletion and L861Q compound mutations based on circulating tumor DNA monitoring: A case report

  • Authors:
    • Xiaobang Zhu
    • Ye Sun
    • Ruirui Cai
    • Wenbin Zhang
    • Xiangwei Zhang
    • Ailing Song
    • Xiaoyan Chen
    • Cuicui Liu
    • Jianping Zhou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi Branch, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Wuxi Branch, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China, Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 88
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    Published online on: December 23, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15441
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Abstract

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are major oncogenic drivers in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These alterations, particularly prevalent in lung adenocarcinoma among the Chinese population, include the exon 19 deletion (19del), L858R point mutation and the less frequent L861Q variant. However, to the best of our knowledge, no standardized treatment regimen exists for patients harboring both common and rare EGFR mutations. The current study presents a case of advanced metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with concurrent EGFR 19del and L861Q mutations, managed with tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR and dynamic plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring. The patient achieved a progression‑free survival time of 11 months. Serial plasma ctDNA monitoring detected molecular progression, characterized by an increase in total ctDNA and a rising EGFR C797S allele fraction, prior to radiographic changes. The present case emphasized the importance of individualized management and the key role of ctDNA in real‑time treatment monitoring, offering a potentially novel approach for precise disease evaluation in the future. Further research and the development of novel therapies are warranted to potentially improve outcomes in patients with advanced EGFR‑mutated NSCLC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Histopathological and
immunohistochemical evaluation of tumor tissue and pleural effusion
cells. (A) H&E staining of tumor tissue from the left lung (×40
magnification). (B) TTF-1 staining of tumor tissue from the left
lung (×40 magnification). (C) H&E staining of pleural effusion
sediment cells (×40 magnification). (D) TTF-1 staining of pleural
effusion sediment cells (×40 magnification). TTF-1, thyroid
transcription factor-1.

Figure 2

Treatment timeline and corresponding
radiographic assessments at key monitoring points. (A) Timeline of
systemic treatments, including almonertinib, osimertinib,
furmonertinib combined with PC and sacituzumab tirumotecan. (B)
Representative axial CT images captured at each monitoring point.
The top row displays lesions located in the upper lobe of the right
lung and the bottom row displays lesions in the lower lobe of the
right lung. Red arrows indicate tumor sites. PC, pemetrexed plus
carboplatin; PR, partial response; PD, progressive disease; SD,
stable disease.

Figure 3

Dynamic monitoring of ctDNA and tumor
markers. ctDNA equivalent is expressed as hGE/ml, representing the
quantitative amount of tumor-derived ctDNA in plasma and serving as
a surrogate for tumor burden. ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA; hGE,
haploid genome equivalents.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhu X, Sun Y, Cai R, Zhang W, Zhang X, Song A, Chen X, Liu C and Zhou J: Individualized management strategies for advanced non‑small cell lung cancer with <em>EGFR</em> exon 19 deletion and L861Q compound mutations based on circulating tumor DNA monitoring: A case report. Oncol Lett 31: 88, 2026.
APA
Zhu, X., Sun, Y., Cai, R., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Song, A. ... Zhou, J. (2026). Individualized management strategies for advanced non‑small cell lung cancer with <em>EGFR</em> exon 19 deletion and L861Q compound mutations based on circulating tumor DNA monitoring: A case report. Oncology Letters, 31, 88. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15441
MLA
Zhu, X., Sun, Y., Cai, R., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Song, A., Chen, X., Liu, C., Zhou, J."Individualized management strategies for advanced non‑small cell lung cancer with <em>EGFR</em> exon 19 deletion and L861Q compound mutations based on circulating tumor DNA monitoring: A case report". Oncology Letters 31.2 (2026): 88.
Chicago
Zhu, X., Sun, Y., Cai, R., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Song, A., Chen, X., Liu, C., Zhou, J."Individualized management strategies for advanced non‑small cell lung cancer with <em>EGFR</em> exon 19 deletion and L861Q compound mutations based on circulating tumor DNA monitoring: A case report". Oncology Letters 31, no. 2 (2026): 88. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15441
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhu X, Sun Y, Cai R, Zhang W, Zhang X, Song A, Chen X, Liu C and Zhou J: Individualized management strategies for advanced non‑small cell lung cancer with <em>EGFR</em> exon 19 deletion and L861Q compound mutations based on circulating tumor DNA monitoring: A case report. Oncol Lett 31: 88, 2026.
APA
Zhu, X., Sun, Y., Cai, R., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Song, A. ... Zhou, J. (2026). Individualized management strategies for advanced non‑small cell lung cancer with <em>EGFR</em> exon 19 deletion and L861Q compound mutations based on circulating tumor DNA monitoring: A case report. Oncology Letters, 31, 88. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15441
MLA
Zhu, X., Sun, Y., Cai, R., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Song, A., Chen, X., Liu, C., Zhou, J."Individualized management strategies for advanced non‑small cell lung cancer with <em>EGFR</em> exon 19 deletion and L861Q compound mutations based on circulating tumor DNA monitoring: A case report". Oncology Letters 31.2 (2026): 88.
Chicago
Zhu, X., Sun, Y., Cai, R., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Song, A., Chen, X., Liu, C., Zhou, J."Individualized management strategies for advanced non‑small cell lung cancer with <em>EGFR</em> exon 19 deletion and L861Q compound mutations based on circulating tumor DNA monitoring: A case report". Oncology Letters 31, no. 2 (2026): 88. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15441
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