Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
April-2026 Volume 31 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2026 Volume 31 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data3.xlsx
    • Supplementary_Data4.pdf
Article Open Access

Lactylation‑based machine algorithm combined with multi‑omics analysis to predict prognosis in cervical cancer

  • Authors:
    • Ruyue Wang
    • Li Ning
    • Xiu Li
    • Yating Xu
    • Yu Si
    • Hongting Zhao
    • Qingling Ren
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China, Department of Gynecology, The Chinese Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 133
    |
    Published online on: February 11, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15486
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:


Abstract

Although lactylation has been investigated in cancer biology, its mechanistic role in cervical cancer remains unclear. This study integrated RNA‑sequencing data from TCGA, three GEO datasets, and single‑cell data (GSE44001) to identify lactylation‑associated genes (LAGs) involved in cervical cancer. Differential expression analysis, WGCNA, and lactylation‑related gene sets were combined to identify candidate genes. Multiple machine learning algorithms were employed to construct a prognostic model, which was further validated using Cox regression, receiver operating characteristic analysis, immune infiltration profiling, functional enrichment, and cell‑cell communication analysis. A total of 43 overlapping co‑expressed genes were identified, and 14 LAGs strongly associated with prognosis were incorporated into a risk‑scoring system. The model demonstrated robust predictive performance and enrichment in pathways associated with carbon metabolism and glycolysis, with notable immune differences between risk groups, particularly in mast cells and neutrophils. Drug sensitivity analysis showed positive correlations between the risk score and IC50 values of paclitaxel and rapamycin, and a negative correlation with midostaurin. Mendelian randomization revealed a causal association between HMGN1 and cervical cancer risk. In vitro assays demonstrated that HMGN1 inhibition significantly suppressed SiHa and HeLa cell proliferation and induced S‑phase arrest, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. In conclusion, this study developed a reliable LAG‑based prognostic model and uncovered key lactylation‑related mechanisms in cervical cancer, providing new insights for biomarker discovery and personalized therapeutic strategies.
View Figures

Figure 1

Framework diagram. WCGNA, weighted
gene co-expression network analysis; DEGs, differentially expressed
genes; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus;
RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR; CCK-8, Cell
Counting Kit-8; TME, tumor microenvironment; MR, Mendelian
randomization; HMGN1, high-mobility group nucleosome-binding
protein 1.

Figure 2

Single-cell transcriptome combined
with Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis to assess
lactation-associated genes. (A) t-SNE plot depicts cell type
identification based on marker genes. (B) Bar graph displays the
distribution of cells in eight cell types. (C) Activity scores of
lactoylation-associated genes (LAGs). (D) Distribution of LAGS
scores in different cell types. (E) Heat map indicates differential
gene expression between normal and tumor samples in Gene Expression
Omnibus dataset. (F) Hierarchical clustering of genes into
different modules, each represented by a different color. (G) Heat
map indicates the correlation between gene modules and disease
states. (H) Scatter plot depicts the relationship between turquoise
module genes and module members. (I) The volcano plot displays
differential expression of turquoise module genes. (J) The Venn
diagram presents the overlap of turquoise module genes, DEGs and
lactylation-associated genes. (K) Gene Ontology enrichment analysis
of lactylation-associated genes. t-SNE, t-distributed stochastic
neighbor embedding; LAGs, lactylation-associated genes; DEGs,
differentially expressed genes; MF, molecular function; BP,
biological process; CC, cellular component.

Figure 3

Characterized LAG genes were screened
using machine algorithms. (A) Develop predictive models using the
10-fold cross-validation method and calculate the C-index for each
model for the training and validation data sets. (B) Bar graph
depicting regression coefficients for 14 genes determined by Cox
regression analysis. (C) Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrating the risk
score and overall survival of patients in TCGA-CESC cohort.
Kaplan-Meier curves for (D) DSS and (E) PFI. ROC curves of the LAGs
prognostic model at 1, 3 and 5 years in (F) TCGA training set and
(G) GSE30760 validation set. (H) ROC curves indicating the AUC
values of 14 prognostic genes in the GSE7803 dataset. LAGs,
lactylation-associated genes; C-index, concordance-index; TCGA, The
Cancer Genome Atlas; DSS, disease-specific survival; PFI,
progression-free interval; CESC, cervical squamous cell carcinoma;
AUC, area under the curve; ROC, receiver operating characteristic;
HMGN1, high-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1; TKT,
transketolase; ZYX, zyxin; PAK2, p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2;
ARID3B, AT-rich interaction domain 3B; FABP5, fatty acid binding
protein 5; HDGF, hepatoma-derived growth factor.

Figure 4

Predictive level of LAGs was analyzed
based on clinical characteristics. (A) Distribution of clinical
features based on LAGs risk scores and expression levels of model
genes Purple indicates low expression, red indicates high
expression. (B) Relationship between high- and low-LAGs risk groups
and various clinical features. (C) Comparative analysis of risk
scores across different M stage and T staging categories. (D)
Distribution of M stage within LAGs risk groupings. (E) Receiver
operating characteristic curves for the LAGs risk model in
predicting M stage. (F) Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrating
the consistent performance of LAGs across subgroups of patients
with CESC, including age and stage. Univariate and multivariate Cox
regression analyses of clinical characteristics of (G) OS and (H)
DFI with LAGs in patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas-CESC cohort.
(I) Column-line plots of the survival probabilities of patients at
1, 3 and 5 years were constructed in conjunction with the risk
score of LAGs. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. LAGs,
lactylation-associated genes; CESC, cervical squamous cell
carcinoma; OS, overall survival; DFI, disease-free interval; AUC,
area under the curve; HMGN1, high-mobility group nucleosome-binding
protein 1; TKT, transketolase; ZYX, zyxin; PAK2, p21 (RAC1)
activated kinase 2; ARID3B, AT-rich interaction domain 3B; FABP5,
fatty acid binding protein 5; HDGF, hepatoma-derived growth factor;
T, tumor stage; N, lymph node stage.

Figure 5

Functional enrichment analysis in
different groupings of LAGs. (A) Mountain plot depicting Gene
Ontology enriched pathways in the low-risk group. (B) Kyoto
Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of risk
subgroups for LAGs. (C) Differential analysis of marker signaling
pathways between high-risk and low-risk groups based on GSVA
scores. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis illustrates the prognostic
impact of (D) cholesterol homeostasis, (E) unfolded protein
response, (F) hypoxia and (G) angiogenesis signaling pathways. (H)
Correlation analysis between LAGs risk scores and GSVA scores of
characteristic signaling pathways. LAGs,; GSVA, gene set variation
analysis; HIF-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1.

Figure 6

Correlation of the LAGs with
single-cell characteristics. (A) Distribution of prognostic gene
expression of LAGs in the single-cell transcriptome. The shade of
color indicates the distribution level of LAGs within cells,
ranging from light purple (low expression) to dark purple (high
expression). (B) Cellular communication network diagram for
high-risk tumor cells. (C) Cellular communication network diagram
for low-risk tumor cells. Network diagrams of the (D) collagen, (E)
laminin and (F) notch signaling pathways, where the circle plots
illustrate the communication network and the heatmaps indicate the
proportion of different cell types within the network. (G)
Comparison of MATH tumor heterogeneity scores between high-risk and
low-risk groups. (H) Overall survival analysis using MATH scores
combined with LAGs. LAGs, lactylation-associated genes; HMGN1,
high-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1; TKT,
transketolase; ZYX, zyxin; MATH, mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity;
PAK2, p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2; ARID3B, AT-rich interaction
domain 3B; FABP5, fatty acid binding protein 5; HDGF,
hepatoma-derived growth factor.

Figure 7

Correlation of prognostic risk models
for LAGs with the immune environment. (A) Comparison of immune
status between high-risk and low-risk groups based on immune,
stromal and ESTIMATE scores. (B) Heatmap depicting the differences
in activity scores of immune-related pathways between high-risk and
low-risk groups. (C) Assessment of immune cell infiltration
abundance in high-risk and low-risk groups using the single sample
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis algorithm. (D) Quantification of
differences in immune cell abundance between high-risk and low-risk
groups using the Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative
Subsets of RNA Transcripts algorithm. (E) Correlation analysis
between immune cell infiltration and risk scores. (F) Correlation
analysis between immune cell types and the prognostic genes of
LAGs. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01. ns, not significant; LAGs,
lactylation-associated genes; NK, natural killer; HMGN1,
high-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1; TKT,
transketolase; ZYX, zyxin.

Figure 8

Analysis of LAGs risk subgroups in
relation to drug sensitivity and immunotherapy response. (A)
Proportion of patients with CR/PR or SD/PD receiving immunotherapy
in the high- and low-risk groups of the IMvigor210 cohort. (B) Box
plot illustrating the difference in risk scores between patients
with CR/PR and those with SD/PD in the IMvigor210 cohort. (C) Box
plot depicting the distribution of risk scores among CR, PR, SD and
PD patients in the IMvigor210 cohort. Correlation between
LAGs-related risk scores and half-maximal inhibitory concentrations
of (D) paclitaxel, (E) rapamycin and (F) midostaurin. Comparison of
drug sensitivity between high- and low-risk groups for (G)
paclitaxel, (H) rapamycin and (I) midostaurin. (J) mRNA expression
levels of genes associated with the LAGs prediction model.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 and ****P<0.0001. ns, not
significant; LAGs, lactylation-associated genes; CR, complete
remission; PR, partial remission; SD, stable disease; PD,
progressive disease; HMGN1, high-mobility group nucleosome-binding
protein 1; TKT, transketolase; ZYX, zyxin; PAK2, p21 (RAC1)
activated kinase 2; ARID3B, AT-rich interaction domain 3B; FABP5,
fatty acid binding protein 5; HDGF, hepatoma-derived growth
factor.

Figure 9

MR analysis demonstrates a causal
relationship between the LAGs prognostic model and cervical cancer.
MR scatter plots display the association between (A) HMGN1, (B)
TKT, (C) ZYX and patients with cervical cancer. Forest plots
depicting the overall effect of (D) HMGN1, (E) TKT and (F) ZYX on
cervical cancer. Funnel plots for (G) HMGN1, (H) TKT and (I) ZYX in
cervical cancer. Leave-one-out analysis of the remaining stability
after excluding (J) HMGN1, (K) TKT and (L) ZYX SNPs. SNPs, single
nucleotide polymorphisms; HMGN1, high-mobility group
nucleosome-binding protein 1; TKT, transketolase; ZYX, zyxin; MR,
Mendelian randomization.

Figure 10

HMGN1 inhibition affects the
proliferation of cervical squamous cells. (A) mRNA and (B) protein
expression levels of HMGN1 in SiHa and HeLa cells following siRNA
transfection, compared with the NC. (C) Cell Counting Kit-8 assay
assessing the proliferation of SiHa and HeLa cells at 24, 48 and 72
h. (D) Cell cycle distribution of SiHa and HeLa cells after HMGN1
inhibition was analyzed by flow cytometry, including flow cytometry
plots and quantitative histograms. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and
****P<0.001. HMGN1, high-mobility group nucleosome-binding
protein 1; NC, non-targeting control; si, small interfering
RNA.
View References

1 

Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 74:229–263. 2024.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Wisniak A, Yakam V, Bolo SE, Yakam V, Schmidt NC, Kenfack B and Petignat P: Fertility and miscarriage incidence after cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treatment by thermal ablation: A cohort study. BMC Womens Health. 132:167–177. 2025.

3 

Duenas-Gonzalez A, Serrano-Olvera A, Cetina L and Coronel J: New molecular targets against cervical cancer. Int J Women Health. 6:1023–1031. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Wei F, Georges D, Man I, Baussano I and Clifford GM: Causal attribution of human papillomavirus genotypes to invasive cervical cancer worldwide: A systematic analysis of the global literature. Lancet. 404:435–444. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Malagón T, Franco EL, Tejada R and Vaccarella S: Epidemiology of HPV-associated cancers past, present and future: Towards prevention and elimination. Nat Rev, Clin Oncol. 21:522–538. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Caruso G, Wagar MK, Hsu HC, Hoegl J, Rey Valzacchi GM, Fernandes A, Cucinella G, Sahin Aker S, Jayraj AS, Mauro J, et al: Cervical cancer: A new era. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 34:1946–1970. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Zhang Y, Lu Y, Li S, Zheng F, Dong Y, Tang H, Wang X and Wang J: Precision theranostics in cervical Cancer: Harnessing stimuli-responsive hydrogels for tumor microenvironment-targeted therapy and diagnosis. Materials Today Bio. 35:1023922025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Tong H, Jiang Z, Song L, Tan K, Yin X, He C, Huang J, Li X, Ling X, et al: Dual impacts of serine/glycine-free diet in enhancing antitumor immunity and promoting evasion via PD-L1 lactylation. Cell Metab. 36:2493–2510. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Sia TY, Wan V, Finlan M, Zhou QC, Iasonos A, Zivanovic O, Sonoda Y, Chi DS, Long Roche K, Jewell E, et al: Procedural interventions for oligoprogression during treatment with immune checkpoint blockade in gynecologic malignancies: A case series. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 34:594–601. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Pinheiro C, Garcia EA, Morais-Santos F, Moreira MA, Almeida FM, Jubé LF, Queiroz GS, Paula ÉC, Andreoli MA, Villa LL, et al: Reprogramming energy metabolism and inducing angiogenesis: Co-expression of monocarboxylate transporters with VEGF family members in cervical adenocarcinomas. BMC Cancer. 15:8352015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Gao Y, Siyu Zhang, Zhang X, Du Y, Ni T and Hao S: Crosstalk between metabolic and epigenetic modifications during cell carcinogenesis. iScience. 27:1113592024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Lin Y, Li L, Yuan B, Luo F, Zhang X, Yang Y, Luo S, Lin J, Ye T, Zhang Y, et al: Phosphorylation determines the glucose metabolism reprogramming and tumor-promoting activity of sine oculis homeobox 1. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 9:3372024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Ippolito L, Duatti A, Iozzo M, Comito G, Pardella E, Lorito N, Bacci M, Pranzini E, Santi A, Sandrini G, et al: Lactate supports cell-autonomous ECM production to sustain metastatic behavior in prostate cancer. EMBO Rep. 25:3506–3531. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Zhao Y, Liu MJ, Zhang L, Yang Q, Sun QH, Guo JR, Lei XY, He KY, Li JQ, Yang JY, et al: High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) promotes the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer by increasing lipid synthesis. Nat Commun. 15:99092024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Patil K, Johnston E, Novack J, Wallace G, Lin M and Pai SB: Multifaceted impact of HIV inhibitor dapivirine on triple negative breast cancer cells reveals potential entities as targets for novel therapy. Sci Rep. 14:301032024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Lin C, Ye J, Xu C, Zheng Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Chi L, Lin J, Li F, Lin Y and Wang Q: Evaluating lactate metabolism for prognostic assessment and therapy response prediction in gastric cancer with emphasis on the oncogenic role of SLC5A12. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 1869:1307392024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Sun D, Lu J, Zhao W, Chen X, Xiao C, Hua F, Hydbring P, Gabazza EC, Tartarone A, Zhao X and Yang W: Construction and validation of a prognostic model based on oxidative stress-related genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Predicting patient outcomes and therapy responses. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 13:3152–3174. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Zhang H, Yang Y, Xing W, Li Y and Zhang S: Expression and gene regulatory network of S100A16 protein in cervical cancer cells based on data mining. BMC Cancer. 23:11242023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, Hu Y, Law CW, Shi W and Smyth GK: Limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43:e472015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Roychowdhury A, Samadder S, Das P, Mazumder DI, Chatterjee A, Addya S, Mondal R, Roy A, Roychoudhury S and Panda CK: Deregulation of H19 is associated with cervical carcinoma. Genomics. 112:961–970. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Fjeldbo CS, Hompland T, Hillestad T, Aarnes EK, Günther CC, Kristensen GB, Malinen E and Lyng H: Combining imaging- and gene-based hypoxia biomarkers in cervical cancer improves prediction of chemoradiotherapy failure independent of intratumour heterogeneity. EBioMedicine. 57:1028412020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

den Boon JA, Pyeon D, Wang SS, Horswill M, Schiffman M, Sherman M, Zuna RE, Wang Z, Hewitt SM, Pearson R, et al: Molecular transitions from papillomavirus infection to cervical precancer and cancer: Role of stromal estrogen receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 112:E3255–E3264. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Lee YY, Kim TJ, Kim JY, Choi CH, Do IG, Song SY, Sohn I, Jung SH, Bae DS, Lee JW and Kim BG: Genetic profiling to predict recurrence of early cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 131:650–654. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Teschendorff AE, Jones A and Widschwendter M: Stochastic epigenetic outliers can define field defects in cancer. BMC Bioinformatics. 17:1782016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zhai Y, Kuick R, Nan B, Ota I, Weiss SJ, Trimble CL, Fearon ER and Cho KR: Gene expression analysis of preinvasive and invasive cervical squamous cell carcinomas identifies HOXC10 as a key mediator of invasion. Cancer Res. 67:10163–10172. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Leek JT, Johnson WE, Parker HS, Jaffe AE and Storey JD: The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation in high-throughput experiments. Bioinformatics. 28:882–883. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Cheng Z, Huang H, Li M, Liang X, Tan Y and Chen Y: Lactylation-related gene signature effectively predicts prognosis and treatment responsiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmaceuticals. 16:6442023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Zhang D, Tang Z, Huang H, Zhou G, Cui C, Weng Y, Liu W, Kim S, Lee S, Perez-Neut M, et al: Metabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lactylation. Nature. 574:575–580. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Moreno-Yruela C, Zhang D, Wei W, Bæk M, Liu W, Gao J, Danková D, Nielsen AL, Bolding JE, Yang L, et al: Class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1-3) are histone lysine delactylases. Sci Adv. 8:eabi66962022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Mariathasan S, Turley SJ, Nickles D, Castiglioni A, Yuen K, Wang Y, Kadel EE III, Koeppen H, Astarita JL, Cubas R, et al: TGFβ attenuates tumour response to PD-L1 blockade by contributing to exclusion of T cells. Nature. 554:544–548. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kurki MI, Karjalainen J, Palta P, Sipilä TP, Kristiansson K, Donner KM, Reeve MP, Laivuori H, Aavikko M, Kaunisto MA, et al: FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population. Nature. 613:508–518. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Stuart T, Butler A, Hoffman P, Hafemeister C, Papalexi E, Mauck WM III, Hao Y, Stoeckius M, Smibert P and Satija R: Comprehensive Integration of Single-Cell Data. Cell. 177:1888–1902.e21. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Korsunsky I, Millard N, Fan J, Slowikowski K, Zhang F, Wei K, Baglaenko Y, Brenner M, Loh PR and Raychaudhuri S: Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with Harmony. Nat Methods. 16:1289–1296. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Jin S, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Zhang L, Chang I, Ramos R, Kuan CH, Myung P, Plikus MV and Nie Q: Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat. Nat Commun. 12:10882021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Langfelder P and Horvath S: WGCNA: An R package for weighted correlation network analysis. BMC Bioinformatics. 9:5592008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Wyss R, Van Der Laan M, Gruber S, Shi X, Lee H, Dutcher SK, Nelson JC, Toh S, Russo M, Wang SV, et al: Targeted learning with an undersmoothed LASSO propensity score model for large-scale covariate adjustment in health-care database studies. Am J Epidemiol. 193:1632–1640. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Binder H and Schumacher M: Allowing for mandatory covariates in boosting estimation of sparse high-dimensional survival models. BMC Bioinformatics. 9:142008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Friedman J, Hastie T and Tibshirani R: Regularization paths for generalized linear models via coordinate descent. J Stat Soft. 33:1–22. 2010.umerical. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Chen D, Lin D, Li H, Yang J, Liu L, Zhang H, Tang D and Wang K: The glycolytic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma and its interaction with the microenvironment: A comprehensive omics study. J Transl Med. 23:4242025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Blanche P, Dartigues J and Jacqmin-Gadda H: Estimating and comparing time-dependent areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for censored event times with competing risks. Statistics in Medicine. 32:5381–5397. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Restaino S, Pellecchia G, Arcieri M, Bogani G, Taliento C, Greco P, Driul L, Chiantera V, Ercoli A, Fanfani F, et al: Management for cervical cancer patients: A comparison of the guidelines from the international scientific societies (ESGO-NCCN-ASCO-AIOM-FIGO-BGCS-SEOM-ESMO-JSGO). Cancers. 16:25412024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Tang Z, Kang B, Li C, Chen T and Zhang Z: GEPIA2: An enhanced web server for large-scale expression profiling and interactive analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 47:W556–W560. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, Mukherjee S, Ebert BL, Gillette MA, Paulovich A, Pomeroy SL, Golub TR, Lander ES and Mesirov JP: Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:15545–15550. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Hänzelmann S, Castelo R and Guinney J: GSVA: Gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-seq data. BMC Bioinf. 14:72013. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Yoshihara K, Shahmoradgoli M, Martínez E, Vegesna R, Kim H, Torres-Garcia W, Treviño V, Shen H, Laird PW, Levine DA, et al: Inferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data. Nat Commun. 4:26122013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Mroz EA and Rocco JW: MATH, a novel measure of intratumor genetic heterogeneity, is high in poor-outcome classes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncology. 49:211–215. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Geeleher P, Cox N and Huang RS: pRRophetic: An R package for prediction of clinical chemotherapeutic response from tumor gene expression levels. PLoS One. 9:e1074682014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Walker VM, Davies NM, Hemani G, Zheng J, Haycock PC, Gaunt TR, Davey Smith G and Martin RM: Using the MR-Base platform to investigate risk factors and drug targets for thousands of phenotypes. Wellcome Open Res. 4:1132019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B and Do R: Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet. 50:693–698. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Cho Y, Haycock PC, Sanderson E, Gaunt TR, Zheng J, Morris AP, Davey Smith G and Hemani G: Exploiting horizontal pleiotropy to search for causal pathways within a mendelian randomization framework. Nat Commun. 11:10102020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Yordanov A, Damyanova P, Vasileva-Slaveva M, Hasan I, Kostov S and Shivarov V: Integrated analysis of phagocytic and immunomodulatory markers in cervical cancer reveals constellations of potential prognostic relevance. Int J Mol Sci. 25:91172024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Allemani C, Minicozzi P, Morawski B, Lima CA, Bennett D, Pongnikorn D, Petrova D, Innos K, Girardi F, Galán Alvarez Y, et al: Global variation in patterns of care and time to initial treatment for breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer from 2015 to 2018 (VENUSCANCER): A secondary analysis of individual records for 275 792 women from 103 population-based cancer registries in 39 countries and territories. Lancet. 406:2325–2348. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Andersen K, Bonde J, Waldstrøm M, Jakobsen MV, Lamy P, Pedersen H, Bønløkke S, Stougaard M and Steiniche T: Evaluation of targeted next-generation sequencing for detection of HPV genotypes and sublineages in cervical liquid-based cytology SurePath samples from the Danish screening program. Int J Cancer. 158:193–201. 2026. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Jian X, Cheng C, Lu W, Peng H and Yang D: Histone lactylation: Unveiling a novel pathway for the impact of lactate on physiological and pathological processes (review). Int J Mol Med. 57:1–12. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Dang T, You Y, Wei L, Li Q, Sun H, Sun M, Li X, Yang S, Zeng T, Zhang L, et al: ICAT drives lactylation of tumor-associated macrophages via the c-myc-ENO1 axis to promote cervical cancer progression. Free Radic Biol Med. 241:316–329. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Xue ZR, Xin YY and Jin WL: Exploiting metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer: From mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Lett. 634:2180672025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Sarwar F, Ashhad S, Vimal A and Vishvakarma R: Small molecule inhibitors of the VEGF and tyrosine kinase for the treatment of cervical cancer. Med Oncol. 41:1992024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Mokoala KMG, Lawal IO, Maserumule LC, Bida M, Maes A, Ndlovu H, Reed J, Mahapane J, Davis C, Van de Wiele C, et al: Correlation between [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET imaging and HIF-1α immunohistochemical analysis in cervical cancer: Proof-of-concept. Cancers. 15:39532023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Nasioudis D, Fernandez ML, Wong N, Powell DJ Jr, Mills GB, Westin S, Fader AN, Carey MS and Simpkins F: The spectrum of MAPK-ERK pathway genomic alterations in gynecologic malignancies: Opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches. Gynecol Oncol. 177:86–94. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Del Dotto V, Grillini S, Righetti R, Grandi M, Giorgio V, Solaini G and Baracca A: Bioenergetics of cancer cells: Insights into the warburg effect and regulation of ATP synthase. Mol Med. 31:3112025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Wen B, Luo L, Zeng Z and Luo X: MYL9 promotes squamous cervical cancer migration and invasion by enhancing aerobic glycolysis. J Int Med Res. 51:30006052312085822023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Robledo-Cadena DX, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Vargas-Navarro JL, Padilla-Flores JA, López-Marure R, Pérez-Torres I, Kaambre T, Moreno-Sánchez R and Rodríguez-Enríquez S: Synergistic celecoxib and dimethyl-celecoxib combinations block cervix cancer growth through multiple mechanisms. PLoS One. 19:e03082332024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Sheng B, Pan S, Ye M, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhao B, Ji H and Zhu X: Single-cell RNA sequencing of cervical exfoliated cells reveals potential biomarkers and cellular pathogenesis in cervical carcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis. 15:1302024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Limones-Gonzalez JE, Aguilar Esquivel P, Vazquez-Santillan K, Castro-Oropeza R, Lizarraga F, Maldonado V, Melendez-Zajgla J, Piña-Sanchez P and Mendoza-Almanza G: Changes in the molecular nodes of the notch and NRF2 pathways in cervical cancer tissues from the precursor stages to invasive carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 28:5222024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Hazazi A, Khan FR, Albloui F, Arif S, Abdulaziz O, Alhomrani M, Sindi AAA, Abu-Alghayth MH, Abalkhail A, Nassar SA and Binshaya AS: Signaling pathways in HPV-induced cervical cancer: Exploring the therapeutic promise of RNA modulation. Pathol Res Pract. 263:1556122024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Yan Y, Dai T, Guo M, Zhao X, Chen C, Zhou Y, Qin M, Xu L and Zhao J: A review of non-classical MAPK family member, MAPK4: A pivotal player in cancer development and therapeutic intervention. Int J Biol Macromol. 271:1326862024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Zheng X, Tong T, Duan L, Ma Y, Lan Y, Shao Y, Liu H, Chen W, Yang T and Yang L: VSIG4 induces the immunosuppressive microenvironment by promoting the infiltration of M2 macrophage and Tregs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol. 142:1131052024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Miao C, You X, Zhang Z, Jiang Z, Liu L, Jia Y, Bai J, Gao Y, Ye L, Cao Y, et al: SCG2 mediates HNSCC progression with CCL2/TGFβ1 M2 macrophage infiltration. Oral Dis. 31:782–795. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Feng L, Shi Q, Wang S, Zhao Y, Wu H, Wei L, Hao Q, Cui Z, Wang L, Zhang J, et al: The outcome of advanced and recurrent cervical cancer patients treated with First-line platinum and paclitaxel with or without indication for immune checkpoint inhibitors: The comparative study. BMC Cancer. 24:12672024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang R, Ning L, Li X, Xu Y, Si Y, Zhao H and Ren Q: Lactylation‑based machine algorithm combined with multi‑omics analysis to predict prognosis in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 31: 133, 2026.
APA
Wang, R., Ning, L., Li, X., Xu, Y., Si, Y., Zhao, H., & Ren, Q. (2026). Lactylation‑based machine algorithm combined with multi‑omics analysis to predict prognosis in cervical cancer. Oncology Letters, 31, 133. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15486
MLA
Wang, R., Ning, L., Li, X., Xu, Y., Si, Y., Zhao, H., Ren, Q."Lactylation‑based machine algorithm combined with multi‑omics analysis to predict prognosis in cervical cancer". Oncology Letters 31.4 (2026): 133.
Chicago
Wang, R., Ning, L., Li, X., Xu, Y., Si, Y., Zhao, H., Ren, Q."Lactylation‑based machine algorithm combined with multi‑omics analysis to predict prognosis in cervical cancer". Oncology Letters 31, no. 4 (2026): 133. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15486
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang R, Ning L, Li X, Xu Y, Si Y, Zhao H and Ren Q: Lactylation‑based machine algorithm combined with multi‑omics analysis to predict prognosis in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 31: 133, 2026.
APA
Wang, R., Ning, L., Li, X., Xu, Y., Si, Y., Zhao, H., & Ren, Q. (2026). Lactylation‑based machine algorithm combined with multi‑omics analysis to predict prognosis in cervical cancer. Oncology Letters, 31, 133. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15486
MLA
Wang, R., Ning, L., Li, X., Xu, Y., Si, Y., Zhao, H., Ren, Q."Lactylation‑based machine algorithm combined with multi‑omics analysis to predict prognosis in cervical cancer". Oncology Letters 31.4 (2026): 133.
Chicago
Wang, R., Ning, L., Li, X., Xu, Y., Si, Y., Zhao, H., Ren, Q."Lactylation‑based machine algorithm combined with multi‑omics analysis to predict prognosis in cervical cancer". Oncology Letters 31, no. 4 (2026): 133. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15486
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team