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![Effects of D-salicin and NAC
co-treatment on intracellular ROS levels in Ishikawa and HDF cells.
(A) Ishikawa cells and (B) HDF cells were treated with D-salicin at
IC25 (26.7 µM), IC50 (48.8 µM), and
IC75 (69.9 µM) for 72 h in the absence (−NAC) or
presence (+NAC) of N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 0.5 mM). Control
represents untreated cells, and NAC represents cells treated with
NAC alone (0.5 mM). For D-salicin-treated groups, ‘-NAC’ and ‘+NAC’
indicate the absence or presence of NAC at each corresponding
D-salicin concentration. Intracellular ROS levels were measured
using the DCFDA assay and expressed as RFU, normalized to the
untreated control. In Ishikawa cells, D-salicin induced a
dose-dependent increase in ROS levels, which was markedly
attenuated by NAC co-treatment. In HDF cells, D-salicin induced
only modest changes in ROS levels, and NAC co-treatment did not
markedly alter this response. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n≥3
independent experiments). Statistical analysis was performed using
one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Hash
symbols (#) indicate comparisons between matched
D-salicin groups in the absence and presence of NAC at the
corresponding concentration [e.g., 26.7 (−NAC) vs. 26.7 (+NAC)].
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ****P<0.0001 vs.
untreated control; #P<0.05,
####P<0.0001. NAC, N-acetylcysteine; ROS,
reactive oxygen species; HDF, human dermal fibroblasts; RFU,
relative fluorescence units.](/article_images/ol/32/1/ol-32-01-15666-g02.jpg)
