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Review Special Issue Open Access

Inhibition or induction of gastrointestinal tumors by ferroptosis and intervention by herbal extracts (Review)

This article is part of the special Issue: Discovery of novel cancer therapeutic targets and drugs
  • Authors:
    • Defei Yin
    • Qinghua Li
    • Junwei Liang
    • Xiaoyan Yan
    • Dajuan Sun
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China, Gastroenterology Ward 2, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 483
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    Published online on: September 2, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15838
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Abstract

Ferroptosis is a regulated form of iron‑dependent cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Increasing evidence indicates that ferroptosis plays an important role in gastrointestinal (GI) tumors, including esophageal, gastric, hepatic and colorectal cancer. Depending on the cellular context, ferroptosis may suppress tumor growth or contribute to therapy resistance. The present review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in GI cancer, with a focus on iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation and the solute carrier family 7 member 11‑reduced glutathione‑glutathione peroxidase 4 axis antioxidant system. Common regulatory patterns and tumor‑specific characteristics are discussed. In addition, the potential of herbal extracts to induce ferroptosis in GI tumors is reviewed, and current limitations in clinical translation are addressed. Clarifying the regulatory determinants of ferroptosis may improve therapeutic stratification in GI cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Core mechanisms of ferroptosis.
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death driven by
excessive lipid peroxidation and redox imbalance.
Transferrin-mediated iron uptake expands the labile Fe2+
pool and promotes ROS generation via Fenton chemistry. Peroxidation
of PUFA-containing phospholipids triggers membrane damage, while
the system Xc−/GSH/GPX4 and NADPH/FSP1/CoQ10 axes act as
major anti-ferroptotic defense pathways. Disruption of these
defenses or iron overload promotes lipid ROS accumulation and
ferroptotic cell death. The figure was created using BioGDP.com.
CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; FSP1, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; GPX4,
glutathione peroxidase 4; GSH, glutathione; PUFA, polyunsaturated
fatty acid; ROS, reactive oxygen species; system Xc−,
cystine/glutamate antiporter; TFR, transferrin receptor; GSSG,
glutathione disulfide; NCOA4, nuclear receptor coactivator 4;
STEAP3, six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3; DMT1,
divalent metal transporter 1; IREB2, iron regulatory element
binding protein 2; FPN, ferroportin.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yin D, Li Q, Liang J, Yan X and Sun D: Inhibition or induction of gastrointestinal tumors by ferroptosis and intervention by herbal extracts (Review). Oncol Lett 32: 483, 2026.
APA
Yin, D., Li, Q., Liang, J., Yan, X., & Sun, D. (2026). Inhibition or induction of gastrointestinal tumors by ferroptosis and intervention by herbal extracts (Review). Oncology Letters, 32, 483. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15838
MLA
Yin, D., Li, Q., Liang, J., Yan, X., Sun, D."Inhibition or induction of gastrointestinal tumors by ferroptosis and intervention by herbal extracts (Review)". Oncology Letters 32.4 (2026): 483.
Chicago
Yin, D., Li, Q., Liang, J., Yan, X., Sun, D."Inhibition or induction of gastrointestinal tumors by ferroptosis and intervention by herbal extracts (Review)". Oncology Letters 32, no. 4 (2026): 483. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15838
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yin D, Li Q, Liang J, Yan X and Sun D: Inhibition or induction of gastrointestinal tumors by ferroptosis and intervention by herbal extracts (Review). Oncol Lett 32: 483, 2026.
APA
Yin, D., Li, Q., Liang, J., Yan, X., & Sun, D. (2026). Inhibition or induction of gastrointestinal tumors by ferroptosis and intervention by herbal extracts (Review). Oncology Letters, 32, 483. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15838
MLA
Yin, D., Li, Q., Liang, J., Yan, X., Sun, D."Inhibition or induction of gastrointestinal tumors by ferroptosis and intervention by herbal extracts (Review)". Oncology Letters 32.4 (2026): 483.
Chicago
Yin, D., Li, Q., Liang, J., Yan, X., Sun, D."Inhibition or induction of gastrointestinal tumors by ferroptosis and intervention by herbal extracts (Review)". Oncology Letters 32, no. 4 (2026): 483. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15838
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