Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
October-2026 Volume 32 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2026 Volume 32 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.pdf
Article Open Access

Development and evaluation of clinical models based on ultrasound, serum CA153 and molecular subtype in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer

  • Authors:
    • Ming-Yue Du
    • Shu-E Zeng
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Ultrasound, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Du et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 486
    |
    Published online on: September 2, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15841
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:


Abstract

Breast cancer is a threat to health, and reliable predictors for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) efficacy remain limited. The aim of the present study was to develop a clinical model that combines ultrasonography with clinical and pathological characteristics to predict the effectiveness of NAC in patients with breast cancer prior to surgery. The present retrospective study included patients with pathologically confirmed primary breast cancer who underwent NAC followed by surgery based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were randomly allocated to a test and a validation set in a 7:3 ratio. Clinical data, comprehensive pathological reports and ultrasound imaging features were collected from the Hospital Information System of Hubei Cancer Hospital (Wuhan, China). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent predictive factors, with significance set at a bilateral P<0.05. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the performance of the model. The present study included 323 female patients with breast cancer. Univariate analysis indicated significant differences in tumor diameter changes, mass margin and posterior echo patterns (classified as shadow, enhancement or no posterior features), change in serum carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) levels, clinical N stage (classified as cN0‑cN3), hormone receptor expression, Ki‑67 levels and molecular type between the pathological complete response (pCR) and pathological incomplete response (non‑pCR) group. Multivariate analysis identified margin, molecular subtype, changes in tumor diameter and serum CA153 levels as significant predictors included in the final model (P<0.05). Furthermore, the present study model was validated in the validation set. The area under the curve for the predictive model in test set was 0.823 (95% confidence interval, 0.765‑0.881), while in the validation set, it was 0.884 (95% confidence interval, 0.816‑0.953). The integrated model, which incorporated ultrasound, serum CA153 levels and molecular subtypes, demonstrated notable potential for preoperative assessment of NAC efficacy in the future.
View Figures

Figure 1

Flowchart of the criteria for case
collection, inclusion and exclusion in the present study. NAC,
neoadjuvant chemotherapy, US, ultrasound; CA153, carbohydrate
antigen 153.

Figure 2

A 69-year-old female patient with
invasive breast cancer, clinical T2N0M0. The biopsy pathology
indicated: Estrogen receptor (−), progesterone receptor (−), human
epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (−) and a high level of Ki-67.
The corresponding immunohistochemistry supporting evidence for this
patient is presented in Fig. S2.
US examination before treatment: In the right breast at 1 o'clock,
2.96×2.1 cm-mass with circumscribed margin and regular shape and
post-echo attenuation. (A and B) Internal rough perforating vessels
were observed. (C) Representative SWE image of breast lesion
presenting a ‘hard ring’ sign. (D) Contrast-enhanced US examination
with Sonovue: The mass indicated heterogeneous high enhancement at
16 sec and the range after contrast was larger than before. (E)
After 8 cycles of EC-T regimen (epirubicin +
cyclophosphamide-paclitaxel), the tumor size reduced to 1.25×0.56
cm. (F) CDFI revealed sparse peripheral vascularity. (G)
Postoperative pathology after total resection of the right breast
indicated a complete response after chemotherapy (the original
breast lesion of the Miller-Payne grading system: grade 5).
Magnification, ×200. The red arrow indicates the lesion. US,
ultrasound; SWE, shear-wave elastography.

Figure 3

A 40-year-old female patient with
invasive breast cancer, clinical T2N2M0, biopsy pathology: Estrogen
receptor (+), progesterone receptor (+), human epidermal growth
factor receptor 2 (+) and high expression of Ki-67. US examination
before treatment: Size of 3.07×1.47 cm, 3 o'clock in the left
breast, mass with dis-circumscribed margin and irregular shape. (A
and B) Color Doppler flow imaging revealed no perforator vessels.
(C) Representative SWE image of breast lesion. The mean stiffness
of the mass was 116 kPa, corresponding to the mean Young's modulus,
indicating relatively stiff tissue. (D) Contrast-enhanced US
examination with Sonovue: The tumors indicated heterogeneous
hyperenhancement, and the range did not expand significantly. (E)
After 8 cycles of TCbHP regimen (docetaxel + carboplatin +
trastuzumab + pertuzumab), the tumor size was 2.01×0.69 cm. (F) No
obvious blood flow signals were detected on CDFI. (G) After total
left mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection, H&E
staining showed a moderate response (the original breast lesion of
the Miller-Payne grading system: grade 3) without neurovascular
invasion. Magnification: ×200). The red arrow indicates the lesion.
SWE, shear-wave elastography.

Figure 4

ROC analysis, multivariate
combination model in predicting chemotherapy response in (A) test
set and (B) validation set. ROC, receiver operating characteristic;
AUC, area under the curve.
View References

1 

GBD 2023 Breast Cancer Collaborators, . Global, regional, and national burden of breast cancer among females, 1990–2023, with forecasts to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet Oncol. 27:302–326. 2026. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 67:7–30. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Kaufmann M, von Minckwitz G, Bear HD, Buzdar A, McGale P, Bonnefoi H, Colleoni M, Denkert C, Eiermann W, Jackesz R, et al: Recommendations from an international expert panel on the use of neoadjuvant (primary) systemic treatment of operable breast cancer: New perspectives 2006. Ann Oncol. 18:1927–1934. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Morrow M, Jagsi R, Alderman AK, Griggs JJ, Hawley ST, Hamilton AS, Graff JJ and Katz SJ: Surgeon recommendations and receipt of mastectomy for treatment of breast cancer. JAMA. 302:1551–1556. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Gulis K, Ellbrant J, Svensjö T, Skarping I, Vallon-Christersson J, Loman N, Bendahl PO and Rydén L: A prospective cohort study identifying radiologic and tumor related factors of importance for breast conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol. 49:1189–1195. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Buchholz TA, Mittendorf EA and Hunt KK: Surgical considerations after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Breast conservation therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2015:11–14. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Gralow JR, Burstein HJ, Wood W, Hortobagyi GN, Gianni L, von Minckwitz G, Buzdar AU, Smith IE, Symmans WF, Singh B, et al: Preoperative therapy in invasive breast cancer: Pathologic assessment and systemic therapy issues in operable disease. J Clin Oncol. 26:814–819. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Masuda N, Lee SJ, Ohtani S, Im YH, Lee ES, Yokota I, Kuroi K, Im SA, Park BW, Kim SB, et al: Adjuvant capecitabine for breast cancer after preoperative chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 376:2147–2159. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Spring LM, Fell G, Arfe A, Sharma C, Greenup R, Reynolds KL, Smith BL, Alexander B, Moy B, Isakoff SJ, et al: Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and impact on breast cancer recurrence and survival: A comprehensive Meta-analysis. Clin Cancer Res. 26:2838–2848. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Krishnan Y, Alawadhi SA, P SS, Gopal M and Thuruthel S: Pathological responses and long-term outcome analysis after neoadjuvant chemotheraphy in breast cancer patients from Kuwait over a period of 15 years. Ann Saudi Med. 33:443–450. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Rouzier R, Perou CM, Symmans WF, Ibrahim N, Cristofanilli M, Anderson K, Hess KR, Stec J, Ayers M, Wagner P, et al: Breast cancer molecular subtypes respond differently to preoperative chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 11:5678–5685. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Gorzelak-Magiera A, Kabut J, Sadurska J, Długaszek A, Domagała-Haduch M, Szot A and Gisterek-Grocholska I: Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: A literature overview. Cancers (Basel). 18:17182026. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Hashmi AA, Bukhari U, Najam J, Dowlah T, Ali AH, Diwan MA, Anjali F, Sham S, Zia S and Irfan M: Luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), and Triple-Negative breast cancers associated with a better chemotherapy response than luminal A breast cancers in postneoadjuvant settings. Cureus. 15:e400662023.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Dialani V, Chadashvili T and Slanetz PJ: Role of imaging in neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 22:1416–1424. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Schott AF and Hayes DF: Defining the benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 30:1747–1749. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wang H and Mao X: Evaluation of the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther. 14:2423–2433. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Huang Z, Chen L, Wang Y, Fu L and Lv R: Molecular markers, pathology, and ultrasound features of invasive breast cancer. Clin Imaging. 79:85–93. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Zhang H, Wang L, Lin Y, Ha X, Huang C and Han C: Classification of molecular subtypes of breast cancer using radiomic features of preoperative ultrasound images. J Imaging Inform Med. 38:2865–2877. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Marinovich ML, Houssami N, Macaskill P, von Minckwitz G, Blohmer JU and Irwig L: Accuracy of ultrasound for predicting pathologic response during neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 136:2730–2737. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Harbeck N: Neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer. Breast. 62 (Suppl 1):S12–S16. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Chen Y, Qi Y and Wang K: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: An evaluation of its efficacy and research progress. Front Oncol. 13:11690102023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Okano M, Oshi M, Butash AL, Asaoka M, Katsuta E, Peng X, Qi Q, Yan L and Takabe K: Estrogen receptor positive breast cancer with high expression of androgen receptor has less cytolytic activity and worse response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy but better survival. Int J Mol Sci. 20:26552019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Schettini F and Prat A: Dissecting the biological heterogeneity of HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast. 59:339–350. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Luen SJ, Salgado R, Dieci MV, Vingiani A, Curigliano G, Gould RE, Castaneda C, D'Alfonso T, Sanchez J, Cheng E, et al: Prognostic implications of residual disease tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and residual cancer burden in triple-negative breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 30:236–242. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Li X, Liu J, Wang Z, Li X, Feng K, Zhang R, He J and Zhang H: Prediction model incorporating dynamic changes in serum tumor markers for evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Eur J Med Res. 30:12352025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Manginstar C, Oley MH, Oley MC, Merung M, Langi F, Kepel BJ, Rusli LV, Islam AA and Faruk M: Correlation analysis of HIF-1α and Ca15-3 in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer: A cohort study in Indonesia. Breast Dis. 41:481–487. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

He L, Zhang W, Huang L, Lin X and Huang W: A retrospective analysis of a serum multi-biomarker (CA153, TSGF, and CYFRA 21-1) logistic regression model for predicting pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 18:5673012026.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Eniseler EB, Çetin B, Ekinci F, Erdoğan AP and Şahbazlar M: Exploratory evaluation of CA 15-3 × NLR score for predicting pathologic complete response in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol. 28:527–532. 2026. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Fujimoto Y, Higuchi T, Nishimukai A, Miyagawa Y, Kira A, Ozawa H, Bun A, Imamura M and Miyoshi Y: High levels of serum CA15-3 and residual invasive tumor size are associated with poor prognosis for breast cancer patients with non-pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol. 118:228–237. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Baumgartner A, Tausch C, Hosch S, Papassotiropoulos B, Varga Z, Rageth C and Baege A: Ultrasound-based prediction of pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Breast. 39:19–23. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Gradishar WJ, Anderson BO, Balassanian R, Blair SL, Burstein HJ, Cyr A, Elias AD, Farrar WB, Forero A, Giordano SH, et al: NCCN Guidelines insights: Breast cancer, version 1.2017. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 15:433–451. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Hou W, Yao Q, Niu DF and Xue WC: Clinicopathological characteristics related to Miller/Payne grading system of breast carcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy and establishment of novel prediction models. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 51:743–748. 2022.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

33 

Coates AS, Winer EP, Goldhirsch A, Gelber RD, Gnant M, Piccart-Gebhart M, Thürlimann B and Senn HJ: Tailoring therapies-improving the management of early breast cancer: St Gallen international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2015. Ann Oncol. 26:1533–1546. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Thürlimann B: St. Gallen international breast cancer conferences & Consensus. Transl Breast Cancer Res. 5:222024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Jiang Z, Li J, Chen J, Liu Y, Wang K, Nie J, Wang X, Hao C, Yin Y, Wang S, et al: Chinese society of clinical oncology (CSCO) Breast cancer guidelines 2022. Transl Breast Cancer Res. 3:132022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Shen B, Wang K and Jiang Z: Updated interpretation for early breast cancer in The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer (CSCO BC) guidelines. TBCR. 2:20212021.

37 

Giuliano AE, Edge SB and Hortobagyi GN: Eighth edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual: Breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 25:1783–1785. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kim R, Chang JM, Lee HB, Lee SH, Kim SY, Kim ES, Cho N and Moon WK: Predicting axillary response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Breast MRI and US in patients with Node-positive breast cancer. Radiology. 293:49–57. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Hosmer DW, Hosmer T, Le Cessie S and Lemeshow S: A comparison of goodness-of-fit tests for the logistic regression model. Stat Med. 16:965–980. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Ring A, Webb A, Ashley S, Allum WH, Ebbs S, Gui G, Sacks NP, Walsh G and Smith IE: Is surgery necessary after complete clinical remission following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer? J Clin Oncol. 21:4540–4545. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Cortazar P, Zhang L, Untch M, Mehta K, Costantino JP, Wolmark N, Bonnefoi H, Cameron D, Gianni L, Valagussa P, et al: Pathological complete response and long-term clinical benefit in breast cancer: The CTNeoBC pooled analysis. Lancet. 384:164–172. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Fisher B, Bryant J, Wolmark N, Mamounas E, Brown A, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Begovic M, DeCillis A, Robidoux A, et al: Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the outcome of women with operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 16:2672–2685. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Brambilla C, Ferrari L, Moliterni A, Terenziani M and Zambetti M: Primary chemotherapy in operable breast cancer: Eight-year experience at the Milan Cancer Institute. J Clin Oncol. 16:93–100. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Štorkánová H, Oreská S, Špiritović M, Heřmánková B, Bubová K, Komarc M, Pavelka K, Vencovský J, Distler JHW, Šenolt L, et al: Plasma Hsp90 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis and relation to lung and skin involvement: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Sci Rep. 11:12021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xie Y, Cui Y, Feng S, Yao M, Qiu B, Shen W, Chen D, et al: Early prediction of treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on longitudinal ultrasound images of HER2-positive breast cancer patients by Siamese multi-task network: A multicentre, retrospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine. 52:1015622022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang M, Wu N, Wang S, Chen H, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Wang X, Jin Z, et al: Dynamic ultrasound-based modeling predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer. Sci Rep. 14:316442024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Zuo Y, Zhan Y, Zhou J, Xia H, Li T, Zhou F, Luo C, Zeng H and Li Y: Prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive breast cancers based on longitudinal ultrasound and superb microvascular imaging: A single-center retrospective study. PeerJ. 13:e201712025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Dobruch-Sobczak KS, Piotrzkowska-Wróblewska H, Karwat P, Klimonda Z, Markiewicz-Grodzicka E and Litniewski J: Quantitative assessment of the echogenicity of a breast tumor predicts the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel). 13:35462021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Xu Y, Zhang W, Wang S, Xu L, Xu H, Chen R, Shi X, Huang X, Wang Y, He J, et al: Volume change rate before and after neoadjuvant systemic therapy of breast cancer is an efficacious evaluation index to predict pathological complete response. Front Oncol. 13:9108692023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Wojcinski S, Soliman AA, Schmidt J, Makowski L, Degenhardt F and Hillemanns P: Sonographic features of triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancer. J Ultrasound Med. 31:1531–1541. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Dent R, Trudeau M, Pritchard KI, Hanna WM, Kahn HK, Sawka CA, Lickley LA, Rawlinson E, Sun P and Narod SA: Triple-negative breast cancer: Clinical features and patterns of recurrence. Clin Cancer Res. 13:4429–4434. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Kim SY, Cho N, Choi Y, Lee SH, Ha SM, Kim ES, Chang JM and Moon WK: Factors affecting pathologic complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: Development and validation of a predictive nomogram. Radiology. 299:290–300. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Adrada BE, Candelaria R, Moulder S, Thompson A, Wei P, Whitman GJ, Valero V, Litton JK, Santiago L, Scoggins ME, et al: Early ultrasound evaluation identifies excellent responders to neoadjuvant systemic therapy among patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer. 127:2880–2887. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Ochi T, Tsunoda H, Matsuda N, Nozaki F, Suzuki K, Takei H and Yamauchi H: Accuracy of morphologic change measurements by ultrasound in predicting pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 28:838–847. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Sabeti S, Larson NB, Boughey JC, Stan DL, Solanki MH, Fazzio RT, Fatemi M and Alizad A: Ultrasound-based quantitative microvasculature imaging for early prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 27:242025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Guo J, Wang BH, He M, Fu P, Yao M and Jiang T: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for early prediction of response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Front Oncol. 12:10266472022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Shia WC, Chen DR, Huang YL, Wu HK and Kuo SJ: Effectiveness of evaluating tumor vascularization using 3D power Doppler ultrasound with high-definition flow technology in the prediction of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for T2 breast cancer: A preliminary report. Phys Med Biol. 60:7763–7778. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Zhang L, Bao LY, Tan YJ, Zhu LQ, Xu XJ, Zhu QQ, Shan YN, Zhao J, Xie LS and Liu J: Diagnostic performance using automated breast ultrasound system for breast cancer in chinese women aged 40 Years or older: A comparative study. Ultrasound Med Biol. 45:3137–3144. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Kim MJ, Eun NL, Ahn SG, Kim JH, Youk JH, Son EJ, Jeong J, Cha YJ and Bae SJ: Elasticity values as a predictive modality for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Cancers (Basel). 16:3772024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Luo J, Lin Y, Zeng Z, Deng H and Li T: Research of ultrasonic shear wave elastography in evaluating the efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Ultrasound. 53:1026–1034. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Gu JH, He C, Zhao QY and Jiang TA: Usefulness of new shear wave elastography in early predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer: Where and when to measure is optimal? Breast Cancer. 29:478–486. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Sigrist RMS, Liau J, Kaffas AE, Chammas MC and Willmann JK: Ultrasound Elastography: Review of techniques and clinical applications. Theranostics. 7:1303–1329. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Emanuelle Pereira Santos V, Luiz de França Neto P, Eda de Oliveira Isídio B, Henrique Bezerra Fontes P, Andrêssa de Moura I, Isabel Santos Cruz B, Máyra Gois de Sousa M, Luana Dos Santos D, de França São Marcos B, Sousa de Pinho S, et al: An overview about biomarkers in breast cancer: Insights into the diagnostic and prognostic significance. Clin Chim Acta. 567:1200302025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Krystel-Whittemore M, Tan PH and Wen HY: Predictive and prognostic biomarkers in breast tumours. Pathology. 56:186–191. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Iwamoto N, Aruga T, Horiguchi S, Saita C, Onishi M, Goto R, Ishiba T, Honda Y, Miyamoto H and Kuroi K: Predictive factors of an axillary pathological complete response of node-positive breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Surg Today. 50:178–184. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Jung YJ, Lee S, Kang SK, Kim JY, Choo KS, Nam KJ, Joo JH, Kim JJ and Kim HY: Clinicopathological factors predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant Anti-HER2 therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. Oncology. 103:351–359. 2025.PubMed/NCBI

67 

Ruibal A, Sánchez Salmón A, Garrido M, Bogdan Ciobotaru A and Arias JI: Preoperative CA15.3 serum levels and cellular proliferation in patients having infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. Rev Esp Med Nucl. 26:367–371. 2007.(In Spanish). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Nam SE, Lim W, Jeong J, Lee S, Choi J, Park H, Jung YS, Jung SP and Bae SY: The prognostic significance of preoperative tumor marker (CEA, CA15-3) elevation in breast cancer patients: Data from the Korean Breast Cancer Society Registry. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 177:669–678. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Bao H, Yu D, Wang J, Qiu T, Yang J and Wang L: Predictive value of serum anti-p53 antibodies, carcino-embryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 15-3, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 in taxane-based and anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer patients. Anticancer Drugs. 19:317–323. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Chen R, Ye Y, Yang C, Peng Y, Zong B, Qu F, Tang Z, Wang Y, Su X, Li H, et al: Assessment of the predictive role of pretreatment Ki-67 and Ki-67 changes in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the molecular classification: A retrospective study of 1010 patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 170:35–43. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Miyashita M, Sasano H, Tamaki K, Chan M, Hirakawa H, Suzuki A, Tada H, Watanabe G, Nemoto N, Nakagawa S, et al: Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ and FOXP3+ lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: Its correlation with pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 148:525–534. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Guestini F, Ono K, Miyashita M, Ishida T, Ohuchi N, Nakagawa S, Hirakawa H, Tamaki K, Ohi Y, Rai Y, et al: Impact of topoisomerase IIα, PTEN, ABCC1/MRP1, and KI67 on triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 173:275–288. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

Chen X, He C, Han D, Zhou M, Wang Q, Tian J, Li L, Xu F, Zhou E and Yang K: The predictive value of Ki-67 before neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Oncol. 13:843–857. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Wong SH, Zhao L, Zhang X, Nakatsu G, Han J, Xu W, Xiao X, Kwong TNY, Tsoi H, Wu WKK, et al: Gavage of fecal samples from patients with colorectal cancer promotes intestinal carcinogenesis in germ-free and conventional mice. Gastroenterology. 153:1621–1633.e1626. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Falo C, Azcarate J, Fernandez-Gonzalez S, Perez X, Petit A, Perez H, Vethencourt A, Vazquez S, Laplana M, Ales M, et al: Breast cancer Patient's outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery at 5 and 10 years for stage II–III disease. Cancers (Basel). 16:24212024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

von Minckwitz G, Huang CS, Mano MS, Loibl S, Mamounas EP, Untch M, Wolmark N, Rastogi P, Schneeweiss A, Redondo A, et al: Trastuzumab emtansine for residual invasive HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 380:617–628. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Harbeck N, Penault-Llorca F, Cortes J, Gnant M, Houssami N, Poortmans P, Ruddy K, Tsang J and Cardoso F: Breast cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 5:662019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Feeney G, Waldron R, Miller N, Malone C, Sweeney K, McLaughlin R, Lowery A, Barry K and Kerin M: Association of clinical biomarkers and response to neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer. Irish J Med Sci. 193:605–613. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Houssami N, Macaskill P, von Minckwitz G, Marinovich ML and Mamounas E: Meta-analysis of the association of breast cancer subtype and pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 48:3342–3354. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

80 

Castro PJTD, Janela Jacinto J, Marta Nuñez HM, Cunha RCNB, Ladeira KM and Sousa M: 329eP Predictors of pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: A real-world analysis. ESMO Open. 11:1072802026. View Article : Google Scholar

81 

Liedtke C, Mazouni C, Hess KR, André F, Tordai A, Mejia JA, Symmans WF, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Hennessy B, Green M, et al: Response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 26:1275–1281. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

82 

Liu YS, Li ZJ, Wang H and Zhou JQ: Clinical value of ultrasound combined with the nutritional risk index in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 105:e470702026. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Gu J, Tong T, He C, Xu M, Yang X, Tian J, Jiang T and Wang K: Deep learning radiomics of ultrasonography can predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer at an early stage of treatment: A prospective study. Eur Radiol. 32:2099–2109. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

84 

Jiang C, Zhang X, Qu T, Yang X, Xiu Y, Yu X, Zhang S, Qiao K, Meng H, Li X, et al: The prediction of pCR and chemosensitivity for breast cancer patients using DLG3, RADL and Pathomics signatures based on machine learning and deep learning. Transl Oncol. 46:1019852024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

85 

Wu L, Ye W, Liu Y, Chen D, Wang Y, Cui Y, Li Z, Li P, Li Z, Liu Z, et al: An integrated deep learning model for the prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with serial ultrasonography in breast cancer patients: A multicentre, retrospective study. Breast Cancer Res. 24:812022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

86 

Jiang M, Li CL, Luo XM, Chuan ZR, Lv WZ, Li X, Cui XW and Dietrich CF: Ultrasound-based deep learning radiomics in the assessment of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 147:95–105. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

Liberman L and Menell JH: Breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS). Radiol Clin North Am. 40409–430. (v)2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

88 

Yan Y, Jiang T, Sui L, Ou D, Qu Y, Chen C, Lai M, Ni C, Liu Y, Wang Y, et al: Combined conventional ultrasonography with clinicopathological features to predict axillary status after neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer: A case-control study. Bri J Radiol. 96:202303702023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

89 

Zheng Q, Yan H, He Y, Wang J, Zhang N, Huo L, Liu Y, Wang L, Xu L and Fan Z: An ultrasound-based nomogram for predicting axillary node pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: Modeling and external validation. Cancer. 130:1513–1523. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

90 

Li Z, Tong Y, Chen X and Shen K: Accuracy of ultrasonographic changes during neoadjuvant chemotherapy to predict axillary lymph node response in clinical node-positive breast cancer patients. Front Oncol. 12:8458232022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

91 

Bahrin NWS, Matusin SNI, Mustapa A, Huat LZ, Perera S and Hamid M: Exploring the effectiveness of molecular subtypes, biomarkers, and genetic variations as first-line treatment predictors in Asian breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 13:1002024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

92 

Ding Y, Ding K, He X, Mo W, Liang C, Gong L, Huang Y and Ding X: The value of neoadjuvant anthracycline-based regimens for HER2-positive breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 1366 patients. Clin Med Insights Oncol. 17:117955492311952932023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Du M and Zeng S: Development and evaluation of clinical models based on ultrasound, serum CA153 and molecular subtype in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 32: 486, 2026.
APA
Du, M., & Zeng, S. (2026). Development and evaluation of clinical models based on ultrasound, serum CA153 and molecular subtype in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Oncology Letters, 32, 486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15841
MLA
Du, M., Zeng, S."Development and evaluation of clinical models based on ultrasound, serum CA153 and molecular subtype in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer". Oncology Letters 32.4 (2026): 486.
Chicago
Du, M., Zeng, S."Development and evaluation of clinical models based on ultrasound, serum CA153 and molecular subtype in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer". Oncology Letters 32, no. 4 (2026): 486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15841
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Du M and Zeng S: Development and evaluation of clinical models based on ultrasound, serum CA153 and molecular subtype in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 32: 486, 2026.
APA
Du, M., & Zeng, S. (2026). Development and evaluation of clinical models based on ultrasound, serum CA153 and molecular subtype in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Oncology Letters, 32, 486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15841
MLA
Du, M., Zeng, S."Development and evaluation of clinical models based on ultrasound, serum CA153 and molecular subtype in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer". Oncology Letters 32.4 (2026): 486.
Chicago
Du, M., Zeng, S."Development and evaluation of clinical models based on ultrasound, serum CA153 and molecular subtype in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer". Oncology Letters 32, no. 4 (2026): 486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15841
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team