Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
October-2026 Volume 32 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2026 Volume 32 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.pdf
Article Open Access

Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A meta‑analysis and systematic review of 1,388 patients

  • Authors:
    • Lichaoyue Sun
    • Wenshu Li
    • Wei Chen
    • Chunxing Li
    • Zhao Ren
    • Qing Xie
    • Dongxiao Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmacy, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing 100028, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 488
    |
    Published online on: September 2, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15843
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:


Abstract

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive form of non‑Hodgkin's lymphoma with a generally poor prognosis, and the median age at diagnosis is 65 years. The clinical value of rituximab in the treatment of PCNSL remains controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic benefits and safety of rituximab in patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL. The EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from database inception to May 5, 2025, without any language restrictions. Efficacy outcomes included complete remission (CR), overall survival (OS) and progression‑free survival (PFS). Safety outcomes were assessed by adverse drug reactions. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata16 software to calculate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for categorical data and to analyze survival data. The meta‑analysis included 15 studies with 1,388 patients, with a relatively high proportion of males and elderly individuals, and comparable baseline characteristics between rituximab‑containing chemotherapy group and the standard chemotherapy‑alone control group. Compared with the control group, the rituximab combination group achieved a significantly improved 3‑year OS, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.01 (95% CI: 1.42‑2.84, P<0.00001). The combined hazard ratio (HR) for OS was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.36‑0.91, P=0.02). The 3‑year PFS also showed significant improvement in the rituximab group with an OR of 2.3 (95% CI: 1.47‑3.58, P=0.0002), and the combined PFS‑HR was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.37‑0.79, P=0.002). The rate of CR was significantly higher with an OR of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.5‑2.77, P<0.00001). For safety outcomes, the OR for grade ≥3 leukopenia was 1.74 (95% CI: 0.92‑3.27, P=0.09) and the OR for any‑grade hepatic toxicity was 1.42 (95% CI: 0.98‑2.05, P=0.06). In subgroup analyses, the OR for 3‑year OS was 2.62 (95% CI: 1.16‑5.91) for Asians and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.23‑2.32) for Caucasians; the OR for 3‑year PFS was 2.98 (95% CI: 1.17‑7.6) for Asians and 2.02 (95% CI: 1.22‑3.34) for Caucasians. In conclusion, based on this meta‑analysis, rituximab significantly improved the prognosis of patients with PCNSL without a significant difference in safety compared to the existing treatment regimens. Further high‑quality randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings.
View Figures

Figure 1

Flowchart of literature search and
screening process. This diagram shows the process of retrieving and
screening the research studies in this article. The present study
followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and
meta-analyses.

Figure 2

Cochrane risk of bias tool analysis.
(A) The authors' judgment of each methodological quality item for
each included study is presented. Performance bias and detection
bias are bias risks. (B) The authors' judgment of the quality of
each method, expressed as a percentage of all included studies.

Figure 3

Forest plot of OS in the rituximab
group vs. the control group. (A) Forest plot of OS-HR in the
rituximab group vs. the control group. (B) Forest plot of 3-year OS
in the rituximab group vs. the control group. OS-HR, overall
survival hazard ratio; IV, inverse variance; df, degrees of
freedom; SE, standard error; Rtx, rituximab; M-H,
Mantel-Haenszel.

Figure 4

Forest plot of PFS in the rituximab
group vs. the control group. (A) Forest plot of PFS-HR in the
rituximab group vs. the control group. (B) Forest plot of 3-year
PFS in the rituximab group vs. the control group. PFS,
progression-free survival; HR, hazard ratio; IV, inverse variance;
df, degrees of freedom; SE, standard error; Rtx, rituximab; M-H,
Mantel-Haenszel.

Figure 5

Forest plot of complete remission in
the rituximab group vs. the control group. df, degrees of freedom;
SE, standard error; Rtx, rituximab; M-H, Mantel-Haenszel.

Figure 6

Forest plot of a pooled analysis of
adverse events vs. control risks arising from rituximab treatment
of primary central nervous system lymphoma. n/N is the number of
events observed (n) relative to the total number of patients in
each group (N). The circle size is proportional to the number of
studies used to estimate the total Peto OR. CI, confidence
interval; R/Rtx, rituximab; no-R, no rituximab; ADRs, adverse drug
reaction; Peto OR, Peto Odds Ratio.

Figure 7

Forest plot for 3-year survival by
ethnicity subgroups. (A) Forest plot of 3-year OS in the rituximab
group vs. the control group. (B) Forest plot for 3-year PFS in the
rituximab group vs. the control group. OS, overall survival; PFS,
progression-free survival; df, degrees of freedom; M-H,
Mantel-Haenszel.

Figure 8

Forest plot for survival by study
type. (A) Forest plot of OS-HR subgroup in the rituximab group vs.
the control group. (B) Forest plot for PFS-HR subgroup analysis in
the rituximab group vs. the control group. OS, overall survival;
PFS, progression-free survival; HR, hazard ratio; df, degrees of
freedom; SE, standard error; IV, inverse variance; RCT, randomized
controlled trial; Rtx, rituximab.
View References

1 

Ferreri AJM, Calimeri T, Cwynarski K, Dietrich J, Grommes C, Hoang-Xuan K, Hu LS, Illerhaus G, Nayak L, Ponzoni M and Batchelor TT: Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 9:292023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Soussain C, Choquet S, Blonski M, Leclercq D, Houillier C, Rezai K, Bijou F, Houot R, Boyle E, Gressin R, et al: Ibrutinib monotherapy for relapse or refractory primary CNS lymphoma and primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: Final analysis of the phase II ‘proof-of-concept’ iLOC study by the Lymphoma study association (LYSA) and the French oculo-cerebral lymphoma (LOC) network. Eur J Cancer. 117:121–130. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Schaff LR and Grommes C: Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Blood. 140:971–979. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Abrey LE, Batchelor TT, Ferreri AJ, Gospodarowicz M, Pulczynski EJ, Zucca E, Smith JR, Korfel A, Soussain C, DeAngelis LM, et al: Report of an international workshop to standardize baseline evaluation and response criteria for primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 23:5034–5043. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

de Koning ME, Hof JJ, Jansen C, Doorduijn JK, Bromberg JEC and van der Meulen M: Primary central nervous system lymphoma. J Neurol. 27:2906–2913. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Grommes C and DeAngelis LM: Primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 35:2410–2418. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Langner-Lemercier S, Houillier C, Soussain C, Ghesquières H, Chinot O, Taillandier L, Soubeyran P, Lamy T, Morschhauser F, Benouaich-Amiel A, et al: Primary CNS lymphoma at first relapse/progression: Characteristics, management, and outcome of 256 patients from the French LOC network. Neuro Oncol. 18:1297–1303. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Rancea M, Will A, Borchmann P, Monsef I, Engert A and Skoetz N: Fifteenth biannual report of the Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group-focus on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 105:1159–1170. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Rubenstein JL, Combs D, Rosenberg J, Levy A, McDermott M, Damon L, Ignoffo R, Aldape K, Shen A, Lee D, et al: Rituximab therapy for CNS lymphomas: Targeting the leptomeningeal compartment. Blood. 101:466–468. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

van der Meulen M, Dirven L, Habets EJJ, Bakunina K, Smits M, Achterberg HC, Seute T, Cull G, Schouten H, Zijlstra JM, et al: Neurocognitive functioning and radiologic changes in primary CNS lymphoma patients: Results from the HOVON 105/ALLG NHL 24 randomized controlled trial. Neuro Oncol. 23:1315–1326. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K, Pulczynski E, Fox CP, Schorb E, Celico C, Falautano M, Nonis A, La Rosée P, Binder M, et al: Long-term efficacy, safety and neurotolerability of MATRix regimen followed by autologous transplant in primary CNS lymphoma: 7-year results of the IELSG32 randomized trial. Leukemia. 36:1870–1878. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Therkelsen KE, Schaff LR, Nandakumar S, Omuro AMP, DeAngelis LM and Grommes C: Long-term outcomes in primary CNS lymphoma after R-MVP and High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Neurology. 101:e710–e716. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Hoang-Xuan K, Deckert M, Ferreri AJM, Furtner J, Gallego Perez-Larraya J, Henriksson R, Hottinger AF, Kasenda B, Lefranc F, Lossos A, et al: European Association of Neuro Oncology (EANO) guidelines for treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Neuro Oncol. 25:37–53. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Schmitt AM, Herbrand AK, Fox CP, Bakunina K, Bromberg JEC, Cwynarski K, Doorduijn JK, Ferreri AJM, Illerhaus G, Issa S, et al: Rituximab in primary central nervous system lymphoma-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hematol Oncol. 37:548–557. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zorzela L, Loke YK, Ioannidis JP, Golder S, Santaguida P, Altman DG, Moher D and Vohra S; PRISMAHarms Group, : PRISMA harms checklist: Improving harms reporting in systematic reviews. BMJ. 352:i1572016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Frandsen TF, Moos C, Marino C and Eriksen MB: Supplementary databases increased literature search coverage beyond PubMed and Embase. J Clin Epidemiol. 181:1117042025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Zhao S, Lu Z, Zhao F, Tang S, Zhang L and Feng C: Assessing the impact of probiotics on immunotherapy effectiveness and antibiotic-mediated resistance in cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol. 16:15389692025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Tierney JF, Stewart LA, Ghersi D, Burdett S and Sydes MR: Practical methods for incorporating summary time-to-event data into meta-analysis. Trials. 8:162007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Dina S, Xu XP, Chen BB, Chen T, Li P, Ding TL, Ma L, Yuan Y, Lin ZG and Wang G: The therapeutic effect of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) with rituximab in newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Fudan Univ J Med Sci. 46:14–22. 2019.

20 

Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, Savovic J, Schulz KF, Weeks L, Sterne JA, et al: The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 343:d59282011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Stang A: Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 25:603–605. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Debray TP, Damen JA, Snell KI, Ensor J, Hooft L, Reitsma JB, Riley RD and Moons KG: A guide to systematic review and meta-analysis of prediction model performance. BMJ. 356:i64602017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Curry LD, Munker R, Li N, Yan D, Pryor P, Nozad S, Keller P, Monohan GP, Iragavarapu C and Krem MM: Performance status, comorbidities, and cycles of methotrexate exert the greatest influence on outcomes of primary and secondary CNS lymphomas: The Lexington experience. Ann Hematol. 102:141–154. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Bergner N, Monsef I, Illerhaus G, Engert A and Skoetz N: Role of chemotherapy additional to high-dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 11:CD0093552012.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Wang CC, Carnevale J and Rubenstein JL: Progress in central nervous system lymphomas. Br J Haematol. 166:311–325. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Barajas RF, Politi LS, Anzalone N, Schöder H, Fox CP, Boxerman JL, Kaufmann TJ, Quarles CC, Ellingson BM, Auer D, et al: Consensus recommendations for MRI and PET imaging of primary central nervous system lymphoma: Guideline statement from the International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group (IPCG). Neuro Oncol. 23:1056–1071. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Abla O, Weitzman S, Blay JY, O'Neill BP, Abrey LE, Neuwelt E, Doolittle ND, Baehring J, Pradhan K, Martin SE, et al: Primary CNS lymphoma in children and adolescents: a descriptive analysis from the International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group (IPCG). Clin Cancer Res. 17:346–352. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Bromberg JEC, Issa S, Bakunina K, Minnema MC, Seute T, Durian M, Cull G, Schouten HC, Stevens WBC, Zijlstra JM, et al: Rituximab in patients with primary CNS lymphoma (HOVON 105/ALLG NHL 24): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 intergroup study. Lancet Oncol. 20:216–228. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Luo W, Ji LH, Geng H, Ma XJ, Xiong H, Yin QC, Yin YJ, Yu L and Ma J: Clinical therapeutic efficacy of rituximab combined with methotrexate on primary central nervous system lymphoma. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 24:444–447. 2016.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

30 

Chen C, Sun P, Cui J, Yan S, Chen H, Xia Y, Bi X, Liu P, Wang Y, Yang H, et al: High-dose Methotrexate plus temozolomide with or without rituximab in patients with untreated primary central nervous system lymphoma: A retrospective study from China. Cancer Med. 8:1359–1367. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Mou K, Gu WW, Gu CH and Qi JD: Curative efficacy of high dose MTX combined with rituxan for treatment primary CNS lymphoma. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 25:1406–1409. 2017.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

32 

Sun X, Liu J, Wang Y, Bai X, Chen Y, Qian J, Zhu H, Liu F, Qiu X, Sun S, et al: Methotrexate-cytarabine-dexamethasone combination chemotherapy with or without rituximab in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma. Oncotarget. 8:49156–49164. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Patekar M, Adhikari N, Biswas A, Raina V, Kumar L, Mohanti BK, Gogia A, Sharma A, Batra A, Bakhshi S, et al: Primary CNS Lymphoma in India: A 17-year experience from the all India institute of medical sciences. J Global Oncol. 5:1–9. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Pang DW, Chen FL, Guo HG, et al: Clinical Efficacy of High Dose Methotrexate, Temozolomide and Rituximab in the Treatment of Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 29:1175–1180. 2021.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

35 

Birnbaum T, Stadler EA, von Baumgarten L and Straube A: Rituximab significantly improves complete response rate in patients with primary CNS lymphoma. J Neuro Oncol. 109:285–291. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Gregory G, Arumugaswamy A, Leung T, Chan KL, Abikhair M, Tam C, Bajel A, Cher L, Grigg A, Ritchie D and Opat S: Rituximab is associated with improved survival for aggressive B cell CNS lymphoma. Neuro Oncol. 15:1068–1073. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Houillier C, Ghesquières H, Chabrot C, Soussain C, Ahle G, Choquet S, Nicolas-Virelizier E, Bay JO, Vargaftig J, Gaultier C, et al: Rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, vincristine and intensified cytarabine consolidation for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in the elderly: A LOC network study. J Neuro Oncol. 133:315–320. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kansara R, Shenkier TN, Connors JM, Sehn LH, Savage KJ, Gerrie AS and Villa D: Rituximab with high-dose methotrexate in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Am J Hematol. 90:1149–1154. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Holdhoff M, Ambady P, Abdelaziz A, Sarai G, Bonekamp D, Blakeley J, Grossman SA and Ye X: High-dose methotrexate with or without rituximab in newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology. 83:235–239. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Mocikova H, Pytlik R, Sykorova A, Janikova A, Prochazka V, Vokurka S, Berkova A, Belada D, Campr V, Buresova L, et al: Role of rituximab in treatment of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: A retrospective analysis of the Czech lymphoma study group registry. Leuk Lymphoma. 57:2777–2783. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Hernández-Verdin I, Kirasic E, Wienand K, Mokhtari K, Eimer S, Loiseau H, Rousseau A, Paillassa J, Ahle G, Lerintiu F, et al: Molecular and clinical diversity in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 34:186–199. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Xu J, Kromer C, Wolinsky Y, Kruchko C and Barnholtz-Sloan JS: CBTRUS statistical report: Primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the united states in 2009–2013. Neuro Oncol. 18 (Suppl 5):v1–v75. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Mata-Molanes JJ, Rebollo-Liceaga J, Martínez-Navarro EM, Manzano RG, Brugarolas A, Juan M and Sureda M: Relevance of Fc gamma receptor polymorphisms in cancer therapy with monoclonal antibodies. Front Oncol. 12:9262892022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Lee YH and Song GG: Association between functional FCGR3A F158V and FCGR2A R131H polymorphisms and responsiveness to rituximab in patients with autoimmune diseases: A meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics J. 23:210–216. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Murphy KE, Niederer HA, King KS, Harris EC, Glass SM and Cox CJ: Accurate interrogation of FCGR3A rs396991 in European and Asian populations using a widely available TaqMan genotyping method. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 25:569–572. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Chen S, Chen H and Xu S: Population genomics insights into pharmacogenomic differentiation between east asians and europeans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 120:510–519. 2026. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Pulido JS, Vierkant RA, Olson JE, Abrey L, Schiff D and O'Neill BP: Racial differences in primary central nervous system lymphoma incidence and survival rates. Neuro Oncol. 11:318–322. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Zhou X, Niu X, Li J, Zhang S, Yang W, Yang Y, Mao Q and Liu Y: Risk Factors for early mortality in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: A large-cohort retrospective study. World Neurosurg. 138:e905–e912. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Fox CP, Phillips EH, Smith J, Linton K, Gallop-Evans E, Hemmaway C, Auer DP, Fuller C, Davies AJ, McKay P, et al: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 184:348–363. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Song Y, Wen Y, Xue W, Zhang Y and Zhang M: Effect of rituximab on primary central nervous system lymphoma: A meta-analysis. Int J Hematol. 106:612–621. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Zhang Y, Liu Z, Gao C, Bian H, Ma Y, Jing F and Zhao X: Role of rituximab in treatment of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 23:733–741. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Miyakita Y, Ohno M, Takahashi M, Muragaki Y, Katai H and Narita Y: Immunochemotherapy using rituximab (RTX) and high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX): An evaluation of the addition of RTX to HD-MTX in recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Jpn J Clin Oncol. 47:919–924. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Cook MR, Dorris CS, Makambi KH, Luo Y, Munshi PN, Donato M, Rowley S, Saad A, Goy A, Dunleavy K and Ali A: Toxicity and efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in primary and secondary CNS lymphoma: A meta-analysis of 128 patients. Blood Adv. 7:32–39. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Bessone F and Björnsson ES: Drug-induced liver injury due to biologics and immune check point inhibitors. Med Clin North Am. 107:623–640. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Reddy KR, Beavers KL, Hammond SP, Lim JK and Falck Ytter YT; American Gastroenterological Association Institute, : American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive drug therapy. Gastroenterology. 148:215–219. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Athni TS and Barmettler S: Hypogammaglobulinemia, late-onset neutropenia, and infections following rituximab. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 130:699–712. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Sun L, Li W, Chen W, Li C, Ren Z, Xie Q and Wang D: Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A meta‑analysis and systematic review of 1,388 patients. Oncol Lett 32: 488, 2026.
APA
Sun, L., Li, W., Chen, W., Li, C., Ren, Z., Xie, Q., & Wang, D. (2026). Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A meta‑analysis and systematic review of 1,388 patients. Oncology Letters, 32, 488. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15843
MLA
Sun, L., Li, W., Chen, W., Li, C., Ren, Z., Xie, Q., Wang, D."Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A meta‑analysis and systematic review of 1,388 patients". Oncology Letters 32.4 (2026): 488.
Chicago
Sun, L., Li, W., Chen, W., Li, C., Ren, Z., Xie, Q., Wang, D."Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A meta‑analysis and systematic review of 1,388 patients". Oncology Letters 32, no. 4 (2026): 488. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15843
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Sun L, Li W, Chen W, Li C, Ren Z, Xie Q and Wang D: Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A meta‑analysis and systematic review of 1,388 patients. Oncol Lett 32: 488, 2026.
APA
Sun, L., Li, W., Chen, W., Li, C., Ren, Z., Xie, Q., & Wang, D. (2026). Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A meta‑analysis and systematic review of 1,388 patients. Oncology Letters, 32, 488. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15843
MLA
Sun, L., Li, W., Chen, W., Li, C., Ren, Z., Xie, Q., Wang, D."Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A meta‑analysis and systematic review of 1,388 patients". Oncology Letters 32.4 (2026): 488.
Chicago
Sun, L., Li, W., Chen, W., Li, C., Ren, Z., Xie, Q., Wang, D."Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A meta‑analysis and systematic review of 1,388 patients". Oncology Letters 32, no. 4 (2026): 488. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15843
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team