Involvement of 90K/Mac-2 binding protein in cancer metastases by increased cellular adhesiveness in lung cancer

90K/Mac-2 Binding Protein (M2BP) plays a role in regulation of immune responses and cell adhesive ability in patients with cancer and infectious diseases. We previously reported that M2BP was highly expressed in lung cancer and that immune responses to M2BP were increased in many patients with lung cancer. To determine the involvement of M2BP in metastatic processes of cancer progression, we examined the ability of M2BP DNA-transduced lung carcinoma cell lines to adhere to extracellular matrices. Although expressions of cell-surface integrins were not modulated in the M2BP transfectants, they showed increased adhesiveness to fibronectin and collagen IV. We next analyzed the serum levels of M2BP in patients with lung cancer and normal donors and the relationships between M2BP expression and clinicopathological factors in the patients. The M2BP level was markedly elevated in the patients and was strongly correlated with nodal involvement and clinical staging. To determine whether expression of M2BP by cancer cells is modulated in the environment of tumor-bearing hosts, M2BP expression in M2BP-positive QG56 cells following exposure of the cells to pro-inflammatory cytokines was examined. The M2BP expression in QG56 cells was up-regulated by many of the cytokines that activate host protective immunity. The findings in this study suggest that M2BP plays a role in cancer metastasis by increased adhesiveness of cancer cells and that M2BP is increasingly produced even in a state of exposure to the host immune system. This molecule may be useful as a predictive factor of disease progression in lung cancer.