It is estimated that >10,000 patients who undergo cystectomy for bladder cancer in the US each year receive a conventional ileal conduit and that >2,000 receive a continent urinary diversion. Case reports of primary intestinal adenocarcinomas in urinary conduits have been published recently, mainly in the urology literature. An epidemic of such cancers in this small, high-risk population seems to be emerging, particularly in conduits that utilize the colon. A case report and literature review was carried out. We describe a patient with a new primary adenocarcinoma arising in a colonic neobladder. We summarize prior literature describing intestinal adenocarcinomas that developed in an intestinal segment used for urinary diversion. Patients with urinary conduits of all types (particularly those utilizing colon rather than ileum) are at high risk of developing a second primary intestinal adenocarcinoma in the conduit. This population is likely to benefit from surveillance measures aimed at detecting such cancers. The primary form of therapy remains adequate surgical resection. General surgeons should be aware of such patients as they may be involved in the diagnosis of, and surgery for, the cancer in the conduit.

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