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Article Open Access

BreastDefend™ prevents breast-to-lung cancer metastases in an orthotopic animal model of triple-negative human breast cancer

  • Authors:
    • Jiahua Jiang
    • Anita Thyagarajan-Sahu
    • Jagadish Loganathan
    • Isaac Eliaz
    • Colin Terry
    • George E. Sandusky
    • Daniel Sliva
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA, Amitabha Medical Clinic and Healing Center, Sebastopol, CA, USA, Department of Pathology Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
    Copyright: © Jiang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 1139-1145
    |
    Published online on: July 26, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.1936
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Abstract

We have recently demonstrated that a natural dietary supplement BreastDefend (BD), which contains extracts from medicinal mushrooms (Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus linteus), medicinal herbs (Scutellaria barbata, Astragalus membranaceus, Curcuma longa), and purified biologically active nutritional compounds (diindolylmethane and quercetin), inhibits proliferation and metastatic behavior of MDA-MB-231 invasive human breast cancer cells in vitro. In the present study, we evaluated whether BD suppresses growth and breast-to lung cancer metastasis in an orthotopic model of human breast cancer cells implanted in mice. Oral application of BD (100 mg/kg of body weight for 4 weeks) by intragastric gavage did not affect body weight or activity of liver enzymes and did not show any sign of toxicity in liver, spleen, kidney, lung and heart tissues in mice. Moreover, BD significantly decreased the change in tumor volume over time compared to the control group (p=0.002). BD treatment also markedly decreased the incidence of breast-to-lung cancer metastasis from 67% (control) to 20% (BD) (p<0.05) and the number of metastases from 2.8 (0.0, 48.0) in the control group to 0.0 (0.0, 14.2) in the BD treatment group (p<0.05). Finally, anti-metastatic activity of BD in vivo was further confirmed by the downregulation of expression of PLAU (urokinase plasminogen activator, uPA) and CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor-4) genes in breast tumors. In conclusion, BD may be considered as a biological therapeutic agent against invasive breast cancers.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jiang J, Thyagarajan-Sahu A, Loganathan J, Eliaz I, Terry C, Sandusky GE and Sliva D: BreastDefend™ prevents breast-to-lung cancer metastases in an orthotopic animal model of triple-negative human breast cancer. Oncol Rep 28: 1139-1145, 2012.
APA
Jiang, J., Thyagarajan-Sahu, A., Loganathan, J., Eliaz, I., Terry, C., Sandusky, G.E., & Sliva, D. (2012). BreastDefend™ prevents breast-to-lung cancer metastases in an orthotopic animal model of triple-negative human breast cancer. Oncology Reports, 28, 1139-1145. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.1936
MLA
Jiang, J., Thyagarajan-Sahu, A., Loganathan, J., Eliaz, I., Terry, C., Sandusky, G. E., Sliva, D."BreastDefend™ prevents breast-to-lung cancer metastases in an orthotopic animal model of triple-negative human breast cancer". Oncology Reports 28.4 (2012): 1139-1145.
Chicago
Jiang, J., Thyagarajan-Sahu, A., Loganathan, J., Eliaz, I., Terry, C., Sandusky, G. E., Sliva, D."BreastDefend™ prevents breast-to-lung cancer metastases in an orthotopic animal model of triple-negative human breast cancer". Oncology Reports 28, no. 4 (2012): 1139-1145. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.1936
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jiang J, Thyagarajan-Sahu A, Loganathan J, Eliaz I, Terry C, Sandusky GE and Sliva D: BreastDefend™ prevents breast-to-lung cancer metastases in an orthotopic animal model of triple-negative human breast cancer. Oncol Rep 28: 1139-1145, 2012.
APA
Jiang, J., Thyagarajan-Sahu, A., Loganathan, J., Eliaz, I., Terry, C., Sandusky, G.E., & Sliva, D. (2012). BreastDefend™ prevents breast-to-lung cancer metastases in an orthotopic animal model of triple-negative human breast cancer. Oncology Reports, 28, 1139-1145. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.1936
MLA
Jiang, J., Thyagarajan-Sahu, A., Loganathan, J., Eliaz, I., Terry, C., Sandusky, G. E., Sliva, D."BreastDefend™ prevents breast-to-lung cancer metastases in an orthotopic animal model of triple-negative human breast cancer". Oncology Reports 28.4 (2012): 1139-1145.
Chicago
Jiang, J., Thyagarajan-Sahu, A., Loganathan, J., Eliaz, I., Terry, C., Sandusky, G. E., Sliva, D."BreastDefend™ prevents breast-to-lung cancer metastases in an orthotopic animal model of triple-negative human breast cancer". Oncology Reports 28, no. 4 (2012): 1139-1145. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.1936
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