Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
January 2013 Volume 29 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January 2013 Volume 29 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Macrophages as independent prognostic factors in small T1 breast cancers

  • Authors:
    • Roberto Carrio
    • Tulay Koru-Sengul
    • Feng Miao
    • Stefan Glück
    • Omar Lopez
    • Yamil Selman
    • Consuelo Alvarez
    • Clara Milikowski
    • Carmen Gomez
    • Merce Jorda
    • Mehrad Nadji
    • Marta Torroella-Kouri
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA, Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
  • Pages: 141-148
    |
    Published online on: October 17, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2088
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death by cancer in women in the United States. The occurrence of high numbers of macrophages in the tumor stroma has been associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in breast and other solid malignancies. However, macrophage numbers in tumors have not been validated as a prognostic factor in clinical practice. The present analysis was designed as a pilot study aimed at determining whether the presence of CD68+ macrophages is an independent prognostic factor in small T1 estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancers across three different ethnic groups, i.e. African-American, Latina and Caucasian women. A retrospective pilot analysis of 30 T1 breast cancer cases encompassing these three ethnic groups was carried out. African-American and Latina women present with less incidence but more aggressive breast cancer disease and, therefore, proportionally higher death rates. Using immuno­histochemistry, we sought to identify whether there was any association between the presence and density of CD68+ macrophages and standard prognostic markers with overall survival in these groups. Our data revealed that overall survival did not differ significantly for the occurrence or density of CD68+ macrophages in T1 ER+ tumors. There were also no significant differences in overall survival for the occurrence of CD68+ macrophages across ethnicities, although macrophage numbers were significantly higher in tumors from African-American and Latina than in Caucasian patients. Importantly, but not surprisingly, the absence of the progesterone receptor was associated very strongly with decreased overall survival. This pilot project shows that CD68+ macrophages are not pivotal in determining tumor prognosis in early T1 breast cancers. New studies are presently being conducted to assess the value of different macrophage markers and macrophage activation profiles as prognostic factors in breast cancers of different clinical stages, using a larger number of patients among these three different ethnicities.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J and Ward E: Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 60:277–300. 2010.

2 

Karlsson E, Danielsson A, Delle U, et al: Chromosomal changes associated with clinical outcome in lymph node-negative breast cancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 172:139–146. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Eng-Wong J and Isaacs C: Prediction of benefit from adjuvant treatment in patients with breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 10(Suppl 1): E32–E37. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Oakman C, Bessi S, Zafarana E, et al: Recent advances in systemic therapy: new diagnostics and biological predictors of outcome in early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 11:2052009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Marchionni L, Wilson RF, Marinopoulos SS, et al: Impact of gene expression profiling tests on breast cancer outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 1–105. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Perreard L, Fan C, Quackenbush JF, et al: Classification and risk stratification of invasive breast carcinomas using a real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay. Breast Cancer Res. 8:R232008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Sica A, Larghi P, Mancino A, et al: Macrophage polarization in tumour progression. Semin Cancer Biol. 18:349–355. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Pollard JW: Macrophages define the invasive microenvironment in breast cancer. J Leukoc Biol. 84:623–630. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Qian BZ, Li J, Zhang H, et al: CCL2 recruits inflammatory monocytes to facilitate breast-tumour metastasis. Nature. 475:222–225. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Sica A, Saccani A and Mantovani A: Tumor-associated macrophages: a molecular perspective. Int Immunopharmacol. 2:1045–1054. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Leek RD and Harris AL: Tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 7:177–189. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zhang BC, Gao J, Wang J, et al: Tumor-associated macrophages infiltration is associated with peritumoral lymphangiogenesis and poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Med Oncol. 28:1447–1452. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Zhang B, Yao G, Zhang Y, et al: M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages are associated with poor prognoses resulting from accelerated lymphangiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma. Clinics (São Paulo). 66:1879–1886. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Chen JJ, Lin YC, Yao PL, et al: Tumor-associated macrophages: the double-edged sword in cancer progression. J Clin Oncol. 23:953–964. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Mantovani A, Sica A, Allavena P, Garlanda C and Locati M: Tumor-associated macrophages and the related myeloid-derived suppressor cells as a paradigm of the diversity of macrophage activation. Hum Immunol. 70:325–330. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

MacMicking J, Xie QW and Nathan C: Nitric oxide and macrophage function. Annu Rev Immunol. 15:323–350. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Fedewa SA, Edge SB, Stewart AK, et al: Race and ethnicity are associated with delays in breast cancer treatment (2003–2006). J Health Care Poor Underserved. 22:128–141. 2011.

18 

Miranda PY, Tarraf W and Gonzalez HM: Breast cancer screening and ethnicity in the United States: implications for health disparities research. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 128:535–542. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Miranda PY, Tarraf W, Gonzalez P, Johnson-Jennings M and Gonzalez HM: Breast cancer screening trends in the United States and ethnicity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 21:351–357. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

McGuire WL, De La Garza M and Chamness GC: Evaluation of estrogen receptor assays in human breast cancer tissue. Cancer Res. 37:637–639. 1977.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Bloom HJ and Richardson WW: Histological grading and prognosis in breast cancer; a study of 1409 cases of which 359 have been followed for 15 years. Br J Cancer. 11:359–377. 1957.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Elston CW: The assessment of histological differentiation in breast cancer. Aust NZ J Surg. 54:11–15. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Elston CW and Ellis IO: Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology. 19:403–410. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Berrang TS, Lesperance M, Truong PT, et al: Which prediction models best identify additional axillary disease after a positive sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer? Breast Cancer Res Treat. 133:695–702. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Arslan AA, Silvera D, Arju R, et al: Atypical ezrin localization as a marker of locally advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 134:981–988. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Mook S, Knauer M, Bueno-de-Mesquita JM, et al: Metastatic potential of T1 breast cancer can be predicted by the 70-gene MammaPrint signature. Ann Surg Oncol. 17:1406–1413. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Reis-Filho JS and Pusztai L: Gene expression profiling in breast cancer: classification, prognostication, and prediction. Lancet. 378:1812–1823. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Raam S, Gelman R, Cohen JL, et al: Estrogen receptor assay: interlaboratory and intralaboratory variations in the measurement of receptors using dextran-coated charcoal technique: a study sponsored by E.C.O.G. Eur J Cancer. 17:643–649. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Mahmoud SM, Lee AH, Paish EC, et al: Tumour-infiltrating macrophages and clinical outcome in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol. 65:159–163. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Shabo I, Stal O, Olsson H, Dore S and Svanvik J: Breast cancer expression of CD163, a macrophage scavenger receptor, is related to early distant recurrence and reduced patient survival. Int J Cancer. 123:780–786. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Lau SK, Chu PG and Weiss LM: CD163: a specific marker of macrophages in paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Am J Clin Pathol. 122:794–801. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Brown M, Tsodikov A, Bauer KR, Parise CA and Caggiano V: The role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in the survival of women with estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative, invasive breast cancer: the California Cancer Registry, 1999–2004. Cancer. 112:737–747. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Vona-Davis L and Rose DP: The influence of socioeconomic disparities on breast cancer tumor biology and prognosis: a review. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 18:883–893. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, Parise CA and Caggiano V: Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California Cancer Registry. Cancer. 109:1721–1728. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Thakkar JP and Mehta DG: A review of an unfavorable subset of breast cancer: estrogen receptor positive progesterone receptor negative. Oncologist. 16:276–285. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Hugh J, Hanson J, Cheang MC, et al: Breast cancer subtypes and response to docetaxel in node-positive breast cancer: use of an immunohistochemical definition in the BCIRG 001 trial. J Clin Oncol. 27:1168–1176. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Carrio R, Koru-Sengul T, Miao F, Glück S, Lopez O, Selman Y, Alvarez C, Milikowski C, Gomez C, Jorda M, Jorda M, et al: Macrophages as independent prognostic factors in small T1 breast cancers. Oncol Rep 29: 141-148, 2013.
APA
Carrio, R., Koru-Sengul, T., Miao, F., Glück, S., Lopez, O., Selman, Y. ... Torroella-Kouri, M. (2013). Macrophages as independent prognostic factors in small T1 breast cancers. Oncology Reports, 29, 141-148. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2088
MLA
Carrio, R., Koru-Sengul, T., Miao, F., Glück, S., Lopez, O., Selman, Y., Alvarez, C., Milikowski, C., Gomez, C., Jorda, M., Nadji, M., Torroella-Kouri, M."Macrophages as independent prognostic factors in small T1 breast cancers". Oncology Reports 29.1 (2013): 141-148.
Chicago
Carrio, R., Koru-Sengul, T., Miao, F., Glück, S., Lopez, O., Selman, Y., Alvarez, C., Milikowski, C., Gomez, C., Jorda, M., Nadji, M., Torroella-Kouri, M."Macrophages as independent prognostic factors in small T1 breast cancers". Oncology Reports 29, no. 1 (2013): 141-148. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2088
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Carrio R, Koru-Sengul T, Miao F, Glück S, Lopez O, Selman Y, Alvarez C, Milikowski C, Gomez C, Jorda M, Jorda M, et al: Macrophages as independent prognostic factors in small T1 breast cancers. Oncol Rep 29: 141-148, 2013.
APA
Carrio, R., Koru-Sengul, T., Miao, F., Glück, S., Lopez, O., Selman, Y. ... Torroella-Kouri, M. (2013). Macrophages as independent prognostic factors in small T1 breast cancers. Oncology Reports, 29, 141-148. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2088
MLA
Carrio, R., Koru-Sengul, T., Miao, F., Glück, S., Lopez, O., Selman, Y., Alvarez, C., Milikowski, C., Gomez, C., Jorda, M., Nadji, M., Torroella-Kouri, M."Macrophages as independent prognostic factors in small T1 breast cancers". Oncology Reports 29.1 (2013): 141-148.
Chicago
Carrio, R., Koru-Sengul, T., Miao, F., Glück, S., Lopez, O., Selman, Y., Alvarez, C., Milikowski, C., Gomez, C., Jorda, M., Nadji, M., Torroella-Kouri, M."Macrophages as independent prognostic factors in small T1 breast cancers". Oncology Reports 29, no. 1 (2013): 141-148. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.2088
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team