Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
November 2013 Volume 30 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November 2013 Volume 30 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Xiu Juan Li
    • Eun Sung Park
    • Man Hee Park
    • Soo Mi Kim
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, Institute for Medical Convergence, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 2419-2426
    |
    Published online on: September 4, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2717
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Recent studies have revealed that 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM) has antitumor effects in both in vivo and in vitro tumor models. However, the biological function of DIM in human gastric cancer cells is unknown. Genetic and biological studies have confirmed the importance of the novel Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, organ size and tumorigenesis in mammals. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of DIM in human gastric cancer cells and to elucidate whether DIM induces cell death by activating the Hippo signaling pathway. Two human gastric cancer cell lines (SNU-1 and SNU-484) were used to investigate the DIM response. DIM significantly inhibited the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of G1 phase cells increased 24 h following DIM treatment. DIM reduced CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1 protein levels, while increasing p53 protein levels. DIM induced the levels of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, cleaved-caspase-9, and diminished pro-caspase-3 protein production. In addition, DIM increased pLATS1, Mob1, pMob1, pYAP and Ras association domain family 1 (RASSF1) protein levels and reduced Yap protein production levels. DIM stimulated the binding of RASSF1 with the Mst1/2-LATS1-Mob1 complex, promoting an active Hippo signaling pathway and favoring YAP phosphorylation (pYAP) that inactivates cell proliferation. Furthermore, DIM inhibited the growth of human gastric tumors in a xenograft mouse model. These results indicate that DIM suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells by activating the Hippo signaling pathway.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Kong D, Banerjee S, Huang W, et al: Mammalian target of rapamycin repression by 3,3′-diindolylmethane inhibits invasion and angiogenesis in platelet-derived growth factor-D-overexpressing PC3 cells. Cancer Res. 68:1927–1934. 2008.

2 

Shin HR, Carlos MC and Varghese C: Cancer control in the Asia Pacific region: current status and concerns. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 42:867–881. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J and Pisani P: Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 55:74–108. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Tan IB, Ng I, Tai WM and Tan P: Understanding the genetic basis of gastric cancer: recent advances. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6:335–341. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Hoffmann W: Stem cells, self-renewal and cancer of the gastric epithelium. Curr Med Chem. 19:5975–5983. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Cho JY, Lim JY, Cheong JH, et al: Gene expression signature-based prognostic risk score in gastric cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 17:1850–1857. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Hundahl SA, Phillips JL and Menck HR: The National Cancer Data Base Report on poor survival of U.S. gastric carcinoma patients treated with gastrectomy: Fifth Edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging, proximal disease, and the ‘different disease’ hypothesis. Cancer. 88:921–932. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kovoor PA and Hwang J: Treatment of resectable gastric cancer: current standards of care. Exp Rev Anticancer Ther. 9:135–142. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Rausei S, Dionigi G, Rovera F, et al: A decade in gastric cancer curative surgery: evidence of progress (1999–2009). World J Gastrointest Surg. 4:45–54. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Harvey KF, Pfleger CM and Hariharan IK: The Drosophila Mst ortholog, hippo, restricts growth and cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Cell. 114:457–467. 2003.

11 

Harvey K and Tapon N: The Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway - an emerging tumour-suppressor network. Nat Rev Cancer. 7:182–191. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Grusche FA, Richardson HE and Harvey KF: Upstream regulation of the hippo size control pathway. Curr Biol. 20:R574–R582. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Harvey KF and Hariharan IK: The hippo pathway. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 4:a0112882012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Zeng Q and Hong W: The emerging role of the hippo pathway in cell contact inhibition, organ size control, and cancer development in mammals. Cancer Cell. 13:188–192. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Edgar BA: From cell structure to transcription: Hippo forges a new path. Cell. 124:267–273. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Zhao B, Li L, Lei Q and Guan KL: The Hippo-YAP pathway in organ size control and tumorigenesis: an updated version. Genes Dev. 24:862–874. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Xu ZP, Zhu JS, Zhang Q and Wang XY: A breakdown of the Hippo pathway in gastric cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 58:1611–1617. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Zhou Z, Zhu JS, Xu ZP and Zhang Q: Lentiviral vector-mediated siRNA knockdown of the YAP gene inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in the SGC7901 gastriccancer cell line. Mol Med Rep. 4:1075–1082. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Min B, Kim MK, Zhang JW, et al: Identification of RUNX3 as a component of the MST/Hpo signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol. 227:839–849. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Yoshihama Y, Izumisawa Y, Akimoto K, et al: High expression of KIBRA in low atypical protein kinase C-expressing gastric cancer correlates with lymphatic invasion and poor prognosis. Cancer Sci. 104:259–265. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Song M, Cheong JH and Kim H, Noh SH and Kim H: Nuclear expression of Yes-associated protein 1 correlates with poor prognosis in intestinal type gastric cancer. Anticancer Res. 32:3827–3834. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Lam-Himlin DM, Daniels JA, Gayyed MF, et al: The hippo pathway in human upper gastrointestinal dysplasia and carcinoma: a novel oncogenic pathway. Int J Gastrointest Cancer. 37:103–109. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Seymour JD, Calle EE, Flagg EW, Coates RJ, Ford ES and Thun MJ; American Cancer Society. Diet Quality Index as a predictor of short-term mortality in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 157:980–988. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Gao N, Cheng S, Budhraja A, et al: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane exhibits antileukemic activity in vitro and in vivo through a Akt-dependent process. PloS One. 7:e317832012.

25 

Grose KR and Bjeldanes LF: Oligomerization of indole-3-carbinol in aqueous acid. Chem Res Toxicol. 5:188–193. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Keck AS and Finley JW: Cruciferous vegetables: cancer protective mechanisms of glucosinolate hydrolysis products and selenium. Integr Cancer Ther. 3:5–12. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Banerjee S, Wang Z, Kong D and Sarkar FH: 3,3′-Diindolyl-methane enhances chemosensitivity of multiple chemotherapeutic agents in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res. 69:5592–5600. 2009.

28 

Kim SJ, Lee JS and Kim SM: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane suppresses growth of human esophageal squamous cancer cells by G1 cell cycle arrest. Oncol Rep. 27:1669–1673. 2012.

29 

Ali S, Banerjee S, Ahmad A, El-Rayes BF, Philip PA and Sarkar FH: Apoptosis-inducing effect of erlotinib is potentiated by 3,3′-diindolylmethane in vitro and in vivo using an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 7:1708–1719. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Chinnakannu K, Chen D, Li Y, et al: Cell cycle-dependent effects of 3,3′-diindolylmethane on proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. J Cell Physiol. 219:94–99. 2009.

31 

Bhuiyan MM, Li Y, Banerjee S, et al: Down-regulation of androgen receptor by 3,3′-diindolylmethane contributes to inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in both hormone-sensitive LNCaP and insensitive C4-2B prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 66:10064–10072. 2006.

32 

Li Y, Chinni SR and Sarkar FH: Selective growth regulatory and pro-apoptotic effects of DIM is mediated by AKT and NF-kappaB pathways in prostate cancer cells. Front Biosci. 10:236–243. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Nachshon-Kedmi M, Fares FA and Yannai S: Therapeutic activity of 3,3′-diindolylmethane on prostate cancer in an in vivo model. Prostate. 61:153–160. 2004.

34 

Rahman KW and Sarkar FH: Inhibition of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB contributes to 3,3′-diindolylmethane-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 65:364–371. 2005.

35 

Abdelrahim M, Newman K, Vanderlaag K, Samudio I and Safe S: 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) and its derivatives induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent upregulation of DR5. Carcinogenesis. 27:717–728. 2006.

36 

Carter TH, Liu K, Ralph W Jr, et al: Diindolylmethane alters gene expression in human keratinocytes in vitro. J Nutr. 132:3314–3324. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Azmi AS, Ahmad A, Banerjee S, Rangnekar VM, Mohammad RM and Sarkar FH: Chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer: characterization of Par-4 and its modulation by 3,3′ diindolylmethane (DIM). Pharm Res. 25:2117–2124. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Kim SJ, Chung MJ, Kim JS, et al: Deciphering the role of paclitaxel in the SKGT4 human esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line. Int J Oncol. 39:1587–1591. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Dammann R, Li C, Yoon JH, Chin PL, Bates S and Pfeifer GP: Epigenetic inactivation of a RAS association domain family protein from the lung tumour suppressor locus 3p21.3. Nat Genet. 25:315–319. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Dammann R, Schagdarsurengin U, Seidel C, et al: The tumor suppressor RASSF1A in human carcinogenesis: an update. Histol Histopathol. 20:645–663. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Guo C, Zhang X and Pfeifer GP: The tumor suppressor RASSF1A prevents dephosphorylation of the mammalian STE20-like kinases MST1 and MST2. J Biol Chem. 286:6253–6261. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Chen Y, Xu J, Jhala N, et al: Fas-mediated apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells is enhanced by 3,3′-diindolylmethane through inhibition of AKT signaling and FLICE-like inhibitory protein. Am J Pathol. 169:1833–1842. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

43 

Saucedo LJ and Edgar BA: Filling out the Hippo pathway. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 8:613–621. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Burbee DG, Forgacs E, Zöchbauer-Müller S, et al: Epigenetic inactivation of RASSF1A in lung and breast cancers and malignant phenotype suppression. J Natl Cancer Inst. 93:691–699. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Agathanggelou A, Cooper WN and Latif F: Role of the Ras-association domain family 1 tumor suppressor gene in human cancers. Cancer Res. 65:3497–3508. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Tommasi S, Dammann R, Zhang Z, et al: Tumor susceptibility of Rassf1a knockout mice. Cancer Res. 65:92–98. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

47 

Vichalkovski A, Gresko E, Cornils H, Hergovich A, Schmitz D and Hemmings BA: NDR kinase is activated by RASSF1A/MST1 in response to Fas receptor stimulation and promotes apoptosis. Curr Biol. 18:1889–1895. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Guo C, Tommasi S, Liu L, Yee JK, Dammann R and Pfeifer GP: RASSF1A is part of a complex similar to the Drosophila Hippo/Salvador/Lats tumor-suppressor network. Curr Biol. 17:700–705. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Matallanas D, Romano D, Yee K, et al: RASSF1A elicits apoptosis through an MST2 pathway directing proapoptotic transcription by the p73 tumor suppressor protein. Mol Cell. 27:962–975. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li XJ, Park ES, Park MH and Kim SM: 3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 30: 2419-2426, 2013.
APA
Li, X.J., Park, E.S., Park, M.H., & Kim, S.M. (2013). 3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Oncology Reports, 30, 2419-2426. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2717
MLA
Li, X. J., Park, E. S., Park, M. H., Kim, S. M."3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 30.5 (2013): 2419-2426.
Chicago
Li, X. J., Park, E. S., Park, M. H., Kim, S. M."3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 30, no. 5 (2013): 2419-2426. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2717
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li XJ, Park ES, Park MH and Kim SM: 3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 30: 2419-2426, 2013.
APA
Li, X.J., Park, E.S., Park, M.H., & Kim, S.M. (2013). 3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Oncology Reports, 30, 2419-2426. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2717
MLA
Li, X. J., Park, E. S., Park, M. H., Kim, S. M."3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 30.5 (2013): 2419-2426.
Chicago
Li, X. J., Park, E. S., Park, M. H., Kim, S. M."3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 30, no. 5 (2013): 2419-2426. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2717
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team