|
1
|
Chen YC, Shen SC, Lee WR, et al: Emodin
induces apoptosis in human promyeloleukemic HL-60 cells accompanied
by activation of caspase 3 cascade but independent of reactive
oxygen species production. Biochem Pharmacol. 64:1713–1724. 2002.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
2
|
Su YT, Chang HL, Shyue SK and Hsu SL:
Emodin induces apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells through
a reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial signaling
pathway. Biochem Pharmacol. 70:229–241. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
3
|
Srinivas G, Anto RJ, Srinivas P,
Vidhyalakshmi S, Senan VP and Karunagaran D: Emodin induces
apoptosis of human cervical cancer cells through poly(ADP-ribose)
polymerase cleavage and activation of caspase-9. Eur J Pharmacol.
473:117–125. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
4
|
Huang Q, Shen HM, Shui G, Wenk MR and Ong
CN: Emodin inhibits tumor cell adhesion through disruption of the
membrane lipid Raft-associated integrin signaling pathway. Cancer
Res. 66:5807–5815. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
5
|
Kwak HJ, Park MJ, Park CM, et al: Emodin
inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-A-induced angiogenesis
by blocking receptor-2 (KDR/Flk-1) phosphorylation. Int J Cancer.
118:2711–2720. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
6
|
Cha TL, Qiu L, Chen CT, Wen Y and Hung MC:
Emodin down-regulates androgen receptor and inhibits prostate
cancer cell growth. Cancer Res. 65:2287–2295. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
7
|
Muto A, Hori M, Sasaki Y, et al: Emodin
has a cytotoxic activity against human multiple myeloma as a
Janus-activated kinase 2 inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther. 6:987–994.
2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
8
|
Kim MS, Park MJ, Kim SJ, et al: Emodin
suppresses hyaluronic acid-induced MMP-9 secretion and invasion of
glioma cells. Int J Oncol. 27:839–846. 2005.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
9
|
Bader Y, Hartmann J, Horvath Z, et al:
Synergistic effects of deuterium oxide and gemcitabine in human
pancreatic cancer cell lines. Cancer Lett. 259:231–239. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
10
|
Nakagawa T, Shimizu M, Shirakami Y, et al:
Synergistic effects of acyclic retinoid and gemcitabine on growth
inhibition in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 273:250–256.
2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
11
|
Lee SH, Ryu JK, Lee KY, et al: Enhanced
anti-tumor effect of combination therapy with gemcitabine and
apigenin in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett. 259:39–49. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
12
|
Wang SJ, Gao Y, Chen H, et al:
Dihydroartemisinin inactivates NF-κB and potentiates the anti-tumor
effect of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer both in vitro and in
vivo. Cancer Lett. 293:99–108. 2010.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
13
|
Lin SZ, Wei WT, Chen H, et al: Antitumor
activity of emodin against pancreatic cancer depends on its dual
role: promotion of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis. PLoS
One. 7:e421462012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
14
|
Lin SY, Lai WW, Ho CC, et al: Emodin
induces apoptosis of human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells
through reactive oxygen species and mitochondria-dependent
pathways. Anticancer Res. 29:327–335. 2009.
|
|
15
|
Chen YY, Chiang SY, Lin JG, et al: Emodin,
aloe-emodin and rhein induced DNA damage and inhibited DNA repair
gene expression in SCC-4 human tongue cancer cells. Anticancer Res.
30:945–951. 2010.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
16
|
Chen YY, Chiang SY, Lin JG, et al: Emodin,
aloe-emodin and rhein inhibit migration and invasion in human
tongue cancer SCC-4 cells through the inhibition of gene expression
of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Int J Oncol. 36:1113–1120.
2010.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
17
|
Cai J, Niu X, Chen Y, et al:
Emodin-induced generation of reactive oxygen species inhibits RhoA
activation to sensitize gastric carcinoma cells to anoikis.
Neoplasia. 10:41–51. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
18
|
Sun ZH and Bu P: Downregulation of
phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 is involved in the inhibition
of proliferation and apoptosis induced by emodin in the SGC-7901
human gastric carcinoma cell line. Exp Ther Med. 3:1077–1081.
2012.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
19
|
Wang QJ, Cai XB, Liu MH, Hu H, Tan XJ and
Jing XB: Apoptosis induced by emodin is associated with alterations
of intracellular acidification and reactive oxygen species in
EC-109 cells. Biochem Cell Biol. 88:767–774. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
20
|
Hsu CM, Hsu YA, Tsai Y, et al: Emodin
inhibits the growth of hepatoma cells: finding the common
anti-cancer pathway using Huh7, Hep3B, and HepG2 cells. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun. 392:473–478. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
21
|
Yu JQ, Bao W and Lei JC: Emodin regulates
apoptotic pathway in human liver cancer cells. Phytother Res.
27:251–257. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
22
|
Kim MJ, Oh DY, Lee SH, et al:
Gemcitabine-based versus fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy with
or without platinum in unresectable biliary tract cancer: a
retrospective study. BMC Cancer. 8:3742008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
23
|
Wang W, Sun YP, Huang XZ, et al: Emodin
enhances sensitivity of gallbladder cancer cells to platinum drugs
via glutathion depletion and MRP1 downregulation. Biochem
Pharmacol. 79:1134–1140. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
24
|
Trachootham D, Alexandre J and Huang P:
Targeting cancer cells by ROS-mediated mechanisms: a radical
therapeutic approach? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 8:579–591. 2009.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
25
|
Wang J and Yi J: Cancer cell killing via
ROS: to increase or decrease, that is the question. Cancer Biol
Ther. 7:1875–1884. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
26
|
Wang W, Sun Y, Li X, et al: Emodin
potentiates the anticancer effect of cisplatin on gallbladder
cancer cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species and
the inhibition of survivin expression. Oncol Rep. 26:1143–1148.
2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27
|
Moserle L, Ghisi M, Amadori A and
Indraccolo S: Side population and cancer stem cells: therapeutic
implications. Cancer Lett. 288:1–9. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
28
|
Wu C and Alman BA: Side population cells
in human cancers. Cancer Lett. 268:1–9. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
29
|
Tabor MH, Clay MR, Owen JH, et al: Head
and neck cancer stem cells: the side population. Laryngoscope.
121:527–533. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
30
|
Li XX, Wang J, Wang HL, et al:
Characterization of cancer stem-like cells derived from a side
population of a human gallbladder carcinoma cell line, SGC-996.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 419:728–734. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
31
|
Li XX, Ding Y, Wang W, et al: Emodin as an
effective agent in targeting cancer stem-like side population cells
of gallbladder carcinoma. Stem Cells Dev. 22:554–566.
2012.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
32
|
Lu Y, Zhang J and Qian J: The effect of
emodin on VEGF receptors in human colon cancer cells. Cancer
Biother Radiopharm. 23:222–228. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
33
|
Ma YS, Weng SW, Lin MW, et al: Antitumor
effects of emodin on LS1034 human colon cancer cells in vitro and
in vivo: roles of apoptotic cell death and LS1034 tumor xenografts
model. Food Chem Toxicol. 50:1271–1278. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
34
|
Saha S, Bardelli A, Buckhaults P, et al: A
phosphatase associated with metastasis of colorectal cancer.
Science. 294:1343–1346. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
35
|
Ooki A, Yamashita K, Kikuchi S, Sakuramoto
S, Katada N and Watanabe M: Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 as
a convergent therapeutic target for lymph node metastasis in
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 127:543–554.
2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
36
|
Han YM, Lee SK, Jeong DG, et al: Emodin
inhibits migration and invasion of DLD-1 (PRL-3) cells via
inhibition of PRL-3 phosphatase activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett.
22:323–326. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
37
|
Damodharan U, Ganesan R and Radhakrishnan
UC: Expression of MMP2 and MMP9 (gelatinases A and B) in human
colon cancer cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 165:1245–1252. 2011.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
38
|
Guo Q, Chen Y, Zhang B, Kang M, Xie Q and
Wu Y: Potentiation of the effect of gemcitabine by emodin in
pancreatic cancer is associated with survivin inhibition. Biochem
Pharmacol. 77:1674–1683. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
39
|
Chen H, Wei W, Guo Y, et al: Enhanced
effect of gemcitabine by emodin against pancreatic cancer in
vivo via cytochrome C-regulated apoptosis. Oncol Rep.
25:1253–1261. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
40
|
Liu JX, Zhang JH, Li HH, et al: Emodin
induces Panc-1 cell apoptosis via declining the mitochondrial
membrane potential. Oncol Rep. 28:1991–1996. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
41
|
Liu A, Chen H, Wei W, et al:
Antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects of emodin on human
pancreatic cancer. Oncol Rep. 26:81–89. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
42
|
Wei WI, Chen H, Ni ZL, et al: Antitumor
and apoptosis-promoting properties of emodin, an anthraquinone
derivative from Rheum officinale Baill, against pancreatic
cancer in mice via inhibition of Akt activation. Int J Oncol.
39:1381–1390. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
43
|
Liu DL, Bu H, Li H, et al: Emodin reverses
gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells via the
mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in vitro. Int J Oncol.
40:1049–1057. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
44
|
Guo HC, Bu HQ, Luo J, et al: Emodin
potentiates the antitumor effects of gemcitabine in PANC-1
pancreatic cancer xenograft model in vivo via inhibition of
inhibitors of apoptosis. Int J Oncol. 40:1849–1857. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
45
|
Chen RS, Jhan JY, Su YJ, et al: Emodin
enhances gefitinib-induced cytotoxicity via Rad51 downregulation
and ERK1/2 inactivation. Exp Cell Res. 315:2658–2672. 2009.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
46
|
Liu B, Chen Y and St Clair DK: ROS and
p53: a versatile partnership. Free Radic Biol Med. 44:1529–1535.
2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
47
|
Lai JM, Chang JT, Wen CL and Hsu SL:
Emodin induces a reactive oxygen species-dependent and ATM-p53-Bax
mediated cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol.
623:1–9. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
48
|
Ko JC, Su YJ, Lin ST, et al: Suppression
of ERCC1 and Rad51 expression through ERK1/2 inactivation is
essential in emodin-mediated cytotoxicity in human non-small cell
lung cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 79:655–664. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
49
|
Ko JC, Su YJ, Lin ST, et al: Emodin
enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity via down-regulation of
ERCC1 and inactivation of ERK1/2. Lung Cancer. 69:155–164. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
50
|
Su YJ, Tsai MS, Kuo YH, et al: Role of
Rad51 down-regulation and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1
and 2 inactivation in emodin and mitomycin C-induced synergistic
cytotoxicity in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol
Pharmacol. 77:633–643. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
51
|
Ko JC, Tsai MS, Kuo YH, et al: Modulation
of Rad51, ERCC1, and thymidine phosphorylase by emodin result in
synergistic cytotoxic effect in combination with capecitabine.
Biochem Pharmacol. 81:680–690. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
52
|
He L, Bi JJ, Guo Q, Yu Y and Ye XF:
Effects of emodin extracted from Chinese herbs on proliferation of
non-small cell lung cancer and underlying mechanisms. Asian Pac J
Cancer Prev. 13:1505–1510. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
53
|
Cheema SK, Gobin AS, Rhea R,
Lopez-Berestein G, Newman RA and Mathur AB: Silk fibroin mediated
delivery of liposomal emodin to breast cancer cells. Int J Pharm.
341:221–229. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
54
|
Huang Z, Chen G and Shi P: Emodin-induced
apoptosis in human breast cancer BCap-37 cells through the
mitochondrial signaling pathway. Arch Pharm Res. 31:742–748. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
55
|
Huang Z, Chen G and Shi P: Effects of
emodin on the gene expression profiling of human breast carcinoma
cells. Cancer Detect Prev. 32:286–291. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
56
|
Wang S, Chen T, Chen R, Hu Y, Chen M and
Wang Y: Emodin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: preparation,
characterization and antitumor activity studies. Int J Pharm.
430:238–246. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
57
|
Olsen BB, Bjorling-Poulsen M and Guerra B:
Emodin negatively affects the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT
signalling pathway: a study on its mechanism of action. Int J
Biochem Cell Biol. 39:227–237. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
58
|
Huang XZ, Wang J, Huang C, et al: Emodin
enhances cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs in prostate cancer
cells: the mechanisms involve ROS-mediated suppression of multidrug
resistance and hypoxia inducible factor-1. Cancer Biol Ther.
7:468–475. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
59
|
Yu CX, Zhang XQ, Kang LD, et al: Emodin
induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell LNCaP. Asian J
Androl. 10:625–634. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
60
|
Ok S, Kim SM, Kim C, et al: Emodin
inhibits invasion and migration of prostate and lung cancer cells
by downregulating the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4.
Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 4:768–778. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
61
|
Li J, Liu P, Mao H, Wanga A and Zhang X:
Emodin sensitizes paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells
to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in vitro. Oncol Rep.
21:1605–1610. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
62
|
Kurokawa T, He G and Siddik ZH: Protein
kinase inhibitors emodin and dichloro-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole
modulate the cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of cisplatin in
a schedule-dependent manner. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol.
65:427–436. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
63
|
Brown M, Bellon M and Nicot C: Emodin and
DHA potently increase arsenic trioxide interferon-α-induced cell
death of HTLV-I-transformed cells by generation of reactive oxygen
species and inhibition of Akt and AP-1. Blood. 109:1653–1659.
2007.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
64
|
Wang C-G, Yang J-Q, Liu B-Z, et al:
Anti-tumor activity of emodin against human chronic myelocytic
leukemia K562 cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol.
627:33–41. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
