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Article

Ginsenoside Rg3 induces DNA damage in human osteosarcoma cells and reduces MNNG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in normal human cells

  • Authors:
    • Yue-Hui Zhang
    • Hai-Dong Li
    • Bo Li
    • Sheng-Dan Jiang
    • Lei-Sheng Jiang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
  • Pages: 919-925
    |
    Published online on: December 11, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2914
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Abstract

Panax ginseng is a Chinese medicinal herb. Ginsenosides are the main bioactive components of P. ginseng, and ginsenoside Rg3 is the primary ginsenoside. Ginsenosides can potently kill various types of cancer cells. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of ginsenoside Rg3 in human osteosarcoma cells and the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg3 with respect to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in a normal human cell line (human fibroblasts). Four human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63, OS732, U-2OS and HOS cells) and a normal human cell line (human fibroblasts) were employed to investigate the cytotoxicity of ginsenosides Rg3 by MTT assay. Alkaline comet assay and γH2AX focus staining were used to detect the DNA damage in MG-63 and U-2OS cells. The extent of cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and a DNA ladder assay. Our results demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of ginsenoside Rg3 was dose-dependent in the human osteosarcoma cell lines, and MG-63 and U-2OS cells were the most sensitive to ginsenoside Rg3. As expected, compared to the negative control, ginsenoside Rg3 significantly increased DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. In agreement with the comet assay data, the percentage of γH2AX-positive MG-63 and U-2OS cells indicated that ginsenoside Rg3 induced DNA double-strand breaks in a concentration-dependent manner. The results also suggest that ginsenoside Rg3 reduces the extent of MNNG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in human fibroblasts.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang Y, Li H, Li B, Jiang S and Jiang L: Ginsenoside Rg3 induces DNA damage in human osteosarcoma cells and reduces MNNG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in normal human cells. Oncol Rep 31: 919-925, 2014.
APA
Zhang, Y., Li, H., Li, B., Jiang, S., & Jiang, L. (2014). Ginsenoside Rg3 induces DNA damage in human osteosarcoma cells and reduces MNNG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in normal human cells. Oncology Reports, 31, 919-925. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2914
MLA
Zhang, Y., Li, H., Li, B., Jiang, S., Jiang, L."Ginsenoside Rg3 induces DNA damage in human osteosarcoma cells and reduces MNNG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in normal human cells". Oncology Reports 31.2 (2014): 919-925.
Chicago
Zhang, Y., Li, H., Li, B., Jiang, S., Jiang, L."Ginsenoside Rg3 induces DNA damage in human osteosarcoma cells and reduces MNNG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in normal human cells". Oncology Reports 31, no. 2 (2014): 919-925. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2914
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang Y, Li H, Li B, Jiang S and Jiang L: Ginsenoside Rg3 induces DNA damage in human osteosarcoma cells and reduces MNNG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in normal human cells. Oncol Rep 31: 919-925, 2014.
APA
Zhang, Y., Li, H., Li, B., Jiang, S., & Jiang, L. (2014). Ginsenoside Rg3 induces DNA damage in human osteosarcoma cells and reduces MNNG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in normal human cells. Oncology Reports, 31, 919-925. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2914
MLA
Zhang, Y., Li, H., Li, B., Jiang, S., Jiang, L."Ginsenoside Rg3 induces DNA damage in human osteosarcoma cells and reduces MNNG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in normal human cells". Oncology Reports 31.2 (2014): 919-925.
Chicago
Zhang, Y., Li, H., Li, B., Jiang, S., Jiang, L."Ginsenoside Rg3 induces DNA damage in human osteosarcoma cells and reduces MNNG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in normal human cells". Oncology Reports 31, no. 2 (2014): 919-925. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2914
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