Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
October 2014 Volume 32 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October 2014 Volume 32 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Hotspot mutations in common oncogenes are infrequent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Ning Jiang
    • Na Liu
    • Fan Yang
    • Qiming Zhou
    • Ruixue Cui
    • Wei Jiang
    • Qingmei  He
    • Wenfei Li
    • Ying Guo
    • Jing Zeng
    • Jingping Yun
    • Xinchun Chen
    • Boping Zhou
    • Ying Sun
    • Huiyun Wang
    • Zhuo G. Chen
    • Jun Ma
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China, Shenzhen Institute of Liver Diseases, The Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, P.R. China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China, National Clinical Study Center for Anticancer Drugs, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
  • Pages: 1661-1669
    |
    Published online on: August 1, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3376
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Oncogene mutations contribute to carcinogenesis and can provide potential therapeutic targets for clinical anticancer management. However, oncogene mutation patterns in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have yet to be fully elucidated. To gain insight into mutation patterns in NPC, a high-throughput OncoCarta panel assay was used to determine 238 hotspot mutations across 19 common oncogenes in 8 NPC cell lines and 160 NPC patient samples from southern China. Statistical analyses were further conducted to identify associations between oncogene mutations and selected clinicopathological characteristics. In total, we identified 24 mutations across 11 oncogenes in 17 (10.6%) NPC patients. Four patients exhibited mutations in at least one oncogene. We also identified a PIK3CA H1047R mutant in 7 NPC cell lines. In addition, oncogene mutations showed no correlation with either risk habits (smoking and drinking) or other clinical characteristics except for TNM stage. KIT mutations were associated with poorer overall and relapse-free survival. Furthermore, KIT mutations together with age and N stage were independent prognostic factors in NPC. Taken together, the present study is the first report on mutations in multiple oncogenes in NPC. We found that hotspot oncogene mutations are infrequent in NPC patients from southern China. The lack of hotspot mutations requires a comprehensive characterization of gene mutations in NPC for developing new therapeutic targets in the future.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:69–90. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Lee AW, Sze WM, Au JS, et al: Treatment results for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the modern era: the Hong Kong experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 61:1107–1116. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Wee J, Tan EH, Tai BC, et al: Randomized trial of radiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union against cancer stage III and IV nasopharyngeal cancer of the endemic variety. J Clin Oncol. 23:6730–6738. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Bensouda Y, Kaikani W, Ahbeddou N, et al: Treatment for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 128:79–85. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Caponigro F, Longo F, Ionna F and Perri F: Treatment approaches to nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a review. Anticancer Drugs. 21:471–477. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ma BB and Chan AT: Systemic treatment strategies and therapeutic monitoring for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 6:383–394. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Vogelstein B and Kinzler KW: Cancer genes and the pathways they control. Nat Med. 10:789–799. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, et al: Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med. 350:2129–2139. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Shaw AT, Yeap BY, Mino-Kenudson M, et al: Clinical features and outcome of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who harbor EML4-ALK. J Clin Oncol. 27:4247–4253. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Misale S, Yaeger R, Hobor S, et al: Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer. Nature. 486:532–536. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Bardelli A and Janne PA: The road to resistance: EGFR mutation and cetuximab. Nat Med. 18:199–200. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Klein G: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an enigmatic tumor. Semin Cancer Biol. 12:415–418. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Hui AB, Lo KW, Leung SF, et al: Detection of recurrent chromosomal gains and losses in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma by comparative genomic hybridisation. Int J Cancer. 82:498–503. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Fan CS, Wong N, Leung SF, et al: Frequent c-myc and Int-2 over-representations in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 31:169–178. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Hui AB, Lo KW, Teo PM, To KF and Huang DP: Genome wide detection of oncogene amplifications in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by array based comparative genomic hybridization. Int J Oncol. 20:467–473. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Forbes SA BG, Bamford S, Dawson E, Kok C, Clements J, Menzies A, Teague JW, Futreal PA and Stratton MR: The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC). Curr Protoc Hum Genet. Chapter 10:2008.

17 

Chou CC, Chou MJ and Tzen CY: PIK3CA mutation occurs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma but does not significantly influence the disease-specific survival. Med Oncol. 26:322–326. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Yip WK, Leong VC, Abdullah MA, Yusoff S and Seow HF: Overexpression of phospho-Akt correlates with phosphorylation of EGF receptor, FKHR and BAD in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 19:319–328. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Fendri A, Khabir A, Mnejja W, et al: PIK3CA amplification is predictive of poor prognosis in Tunisian patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 100:2034–2039. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Naji F, Attaleb M, Laantri N, et al: Identification of G2607A mutation in EGFR gene with a significative rate in Moroccan patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Mol Biol. 56:OL1442–OL1446. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Huang PY, Hong MH, Zhang X, Mai HQ, Luo DH and Zhang L: C-KIT overexpression and mutation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and reactivity of Imatinib on these cell lines. Chin J Cancer. 29:131–135. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Ding L, Getz G, Wheeler DA, et al: Somatic mutations affect key pathways in lung adenocarcinoma. Nature. 455:1069–1075. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Fumagalli D, Gavin PG, Taniyama Y, et al: A rapid, sensitive, reproducible and cost-effective method for mutation profiling of colon cancer and metastatic lymph nodes. BMC Cancer. 10:1012010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Pao W and Girard N: New driver mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer. Lancet Oncol. 12:175–180. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Liu N, Tang LL, Sun Y, et al: MiR-29c suppresses invasion and metastasis by targeting TIAM1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 329:181–188. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Wetterskog D, Lopez-Garcia MA, Lambros MB, et al: Adenoid cystic carcinomas constitute a genomically distinct subgroup of triple-negative and basal-like breast cancers. J Pathol. 226:84–96. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Duprez R, Wilkerson PM, Lacroix-Triki M, et al: Immunophenotypic and genomic characterization of papillary carcinomas of the breast. J Pathol. 226:427–441. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Thomas RK, Baker AC, Debiasi RM, et al: High-throughput oncogene mutation profiling in human cancer. Nat Genet. 39:347–351. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Pearce M, Hogg G, Hosseni D and Ehrich M: Mutation profiling in tumor samples using the Sequenom OncoCarta™ Panel. Nature Methods. 6:vii–viii. 2009.

30 

Jhawer M, Goel S, Wilson AJ, et al: PIK3CA mutation/PTEN expression status predicts response of colon cancer cells to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab. Cancer Res. 68:1953–1961. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Cappuzzo F, Ciuleanu T, Stelmakh L, et al: Erlotinib as maintenance treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Lancet Oncology. 11:521–529. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Tie J, Lipton L, Desai J, et al: KRAS mutation is associated with lung metastasis in patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 17:1122–1130. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Or YY, Hui AB, To KF, Lam CN and Lo KW: PIK3CA mutations in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 118:1065–1067. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Qian CN, Guo X, Cao B, et al: Met protein expression level correlates with survival in patients with late-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Res. 62:589–596. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Forbes SA, Bindal N, Bamford S, et al: COSMIC: mining complete cancer genomes in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer. Nucleic Acids Res. 39:D945–D950. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Su KY, Chen HY, Li KC, et al: Pretreatment epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation predicts shorter EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor response duration in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 30:433–440. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Shayesteh L, Lu Y, Kuo WL, et al: PIK3CA is implicated as an oncogene in ovarian cancer. Nat Genet. 21:99–102. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Cantley LC: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Science. 296:1655–1657. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Kang S, Bader AG and Vogt PK: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mutations identified in human cancer are oncogenic. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:802–807. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Abers GA, Ferris A, Craig M, et al: Mantle compensation of active metamorphic core complexes at Woodlark rift in Papua New Guinea. Nature. 418:862–865. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Qiu FH, Ray P, Brown K, et al: Primary structure of c-kit: relationship with the CSF-1/PDGF receptor kinase family - oncogenic activation of v-kit involves deletion of extracellular domain and C terminus. EMBO J. 7:1003–1011. 1988.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Phung B, Sun J, Schepsky A, Steingrimsson E and Ronnstrand L: C-KIT signaling depends on microphthalmia-associated transcription factor for effects on cell proliferation. PLoS One. 6:e240642011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Orfao A, Garcia-Montero AC, Sanchez L and Escribano L; REMA. Recent advances in the understanding of mastocytosis: the role of KIT mutations. Br J Haematol. 138:12–30. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Nakagomi N and Hirota S: Juxtamembrane-type c-kit gene mutation found in aggressive systemic mastocytosis induces imatinib-resistant constitutive KIT activation. Lab Invest. 87:365–371. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

45 

Longley BJ Jr, Metcalfe DD, Tharp M, et al: Activating and dominant inactivating c-KIT catalytic domain mutations in distinct clinical forms of human mastocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:1609–1614. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Growney JD, Clark JJ, Adelsperger J, et al: Activation mutations of human c-KIT resistant to imatinib mesylate are sensitive to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor PKC412. Blood. 106:721–724. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Lennartsson J and Rönnstrand L: Stem cell factor receptor/c-Kit: from basic science to clinical implications. Physiol Rev. 92:1619–1649. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Ma BB, Lui VW, Poon FF, et al: Preclinical activity of gefitinib in non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and biomarkers of response. Invest New Drugs. 28:326–333. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Yasuda H, Kobayashi S and Costa DB: EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer: preclinical data and clinical implications. Lancet Oncol. 13:e23–e31. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Rane SG, Cosenza SC, Mettus RV and Reddy EP: Germ line transmission of the Cdk4(R24C) mutation facilitates tumorigenesis and escape from cellular senescence. Mol Cell Biol. 22:644–656. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Vax VV, Bibi R, Diaz-Cano S, et al: Activating point mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase 4 are not seen in sporadic pituitary adenomas, insulinomas or Leydig cell tumours. J Endocrinol. 178:301–310. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Brose MS, Volpe P, Feldman M, et al: BRAF and RAS mutations in human lung cancer and melanoma. Cancer Res. 62:6997–7000. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

53 

Davies H, Bignell GR, Cox C, et al: Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature. 417:949–954. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Kobayashi S, Boggon TJ, Dayaram T, et al: EGFR mutation and resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med. 352:786–792. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Paez JG, Jänne PA, Lee JC, et al: EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. Science. 304:1497–1500. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jiang N, Liu N, Yang F, Zhou Q, Cui R, Jiang W, He Q, Li W, Guo Y, Zeng J, Zeng J, et al: Hotspot mutations in common oncogenes are infrequent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Rep 32: 1661-1669, 2014.
APA
Jiang, N., Liu, N., Yang, F., Zhou, Q., Cui, R., Jiang, W. ... Ma, J. (2014). Hotspot mutations in common oncogenes are infrequent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncology Reports, 32, 1661-1669. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3376
MLA
Jiang, N., Liu, N., Yang, F., Zhou, Q., Cui, R., Jiang, W., He, Q., Li, W., Guo, Y., Zeng, J., Yun, J., Chen, X., Zhou, B., Sun, Y., Wang, H., Chen, Z. G., Ma, J."Hotspot mutations in common oncogenes are infrequent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma". Oncology Reports 32.4 (2014): 1661-1669.
Chicago
Jiang, N., Liu, N., Yang, F., Zhou, Q., Cui, R., Jiang, W., He, Q., Li, W., Guo, Y., Zeng, J., Yun, J., Chen, X., Zhou, B., Sun, Y., Wang, H., Chen, Z. G., Ma, J."Hotspot mutations in common oncogenes are infrequent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma". Oncology Reports 32, no. 4 (2014): 1661-1669. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3376
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jiang N, Liu N, Yang F, Zhou Q, Cui R, Jiang W, He Q, Li W, Guo Y, Zeng J, Zeng J, et al: Hotspot mutations in common oncogenes are infrequent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Rep 32: 1661-1669, 2014.
APA
Jiang, N., Liu, N., Yang, F., Zhou, Q., Cui, R., Jiang, W. ... Ma, J. (2014). Hotspot mutations in common oncogenes are infrequent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncology Reports, 32, 1661-1669. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3376
MLA
Jiang, N., Liu, N., Yang, F., Zhou, Q., Cui, R., Jiang, W., He, Q., Li, W., Guo, Y., Zeng, J., Yun, J., Chen, X., Zhou, B., Sun, Y., Wang, H., Chen, Z. G., Ma, J."Hotspot mutations in common oncogenes are infrequent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma". Oncology Reports 32.4 (2014): 1661-1669.
Chicago
Jiang, N., Liu, N., Yang, F., Zhou, Q., Cui, R., Jiang, W., He, Q., Li, W., Guo, Y., Zeng, J., Yun, J., Chen, X., Zhou, B., Sun, Y., Wang, H., Chen, Z. G., Ma, J."Hotspot mutations in common oncogenes are infrequent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma". Oncology Reports 32, no. 4 (2014): 1661-1669. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3376
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team