|
1
|
Jemal A, Center MM, DeSantis C and Ward
EM: Global patterns of cancer incidence and mortality rates and
trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 19:1893–1907. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
2
|
Salim EI, Moore MA, Al-Lawati JA, et al:
Cancer epidemiology and control in the Arab world - past, present
and future. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 10:3–16. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
3
|
Salim EI, Jazieh AR and Moore MA: Lung
cancer incidence in the Arab league countries: risk factors and
control. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 12:17–34. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
4
|
Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) L.
Literature review report on selected diseases in Lebanon. 2004.
|
|
5
|
Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, et al:
Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor
underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to
gefitinib. N Engl J Med. 350:2129–2139. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
6
|
Paez JG, Janne PA, Lee JC, et al:
EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical
response to gefitinib therapy. Science. 304:1497–1500. 2004.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
7
|
Eberhard DA, Johnson BE, Amler LC, et al:
Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor and in KRAS are
predictive and prognostic indicators in patients with
non-small-cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy alone and in
combination with erlotinib. J Clin Oncol. 23:5900–5909. 2005.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
8
|
Wang Y, Schmid-Bindert G and Zhou C:
Erlotinib in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer:
an update for clinicians. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 4:19–29. 2012.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
9
|
Ahmed SM and Salgia R: Epidermal growth
factor receptor mutations and susceptibility to targeted therapy in
lung cancer. Respirology. 11:687–692. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
10
|
Lindeman NI, Cagle PT, Beasley MB, et al:
Molecular testing guideline for selection of lung cancer patients
for EGFR and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors: guideline from the
College of American Pathologists, International Association for the
Study of Lung Cancer, and Association for Molecular Pathology. Arch
Pathol Lab Med. 137:828–860. 2013.
|
|
11
|
Kiaris H and Spandidos D: Mutations of
ras genes in human tumours (Review). Int J Oncol. 3:413–421.
1995.
|
|
12
|
Riely GJ, Marks J and Pao W: KRAS
mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. Proc Am Thorac Soc.
6:201–205. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
13
|
Roberts PJ, Stinchcombe TE, Der CJ and
Socinski MA: Personalized medicine in non-small-cell lung cancer:
is KRAS a useful marker in selecting patients for epidermal
growth factor receptor-targeted therapy? J Clin Oncol.
28:4769–4777. 2010.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
14
|
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC). Lung cancer rates decline nationwide. 2011, http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2011/p0915_lung_cancer.html.
|
|
15
|
Cancer Research UK. Lung cancer incidence
statistics. 2013, http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/lung/incidence/uk-lung-cancer-incidence-statistics.
|
|
16
|
Underwood JM, Townsend JS, Tai E, et al:
Racial and regional disparities in lung cancer incidence. Cancer.
118:1910–1918. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
17
|
Zhou W and Christiani DC: East meets West:
ethnic differences in epidemiology and clinical behaviors of lung
cancer between East Asians and Caucasians. Chin J Cancer.
30:287–292. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
18
|
Greulich H: The genomics of lung
adenocarcinoma: opportunities for targeted therapies. Genes Cancer.
1:1200–1210. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
19
|
Zhou C, Wu YL, Chen G, et al: Erlotinib
versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with
advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer
(OPTIMAL, CTONG-0802): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase
3 study. Lancet Oncol. 12:735–742. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
20
|
Travis WD, Brambilla E, Noguchi M, et al:
International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American
Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International
Multidisciplinary Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac
Oncol. 6:244–285. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
21
|
Al-Kuraya K, Siraj AK, Bavi P, et al: High
epidermal growth factor receptor amplification rate but low
mutation frequency in Middle East lung cancer population. Hum
Pathol. 37:453–457. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
22
|
Wu CC, Hsu HY, Liu HP, et al: Reversed
mutation rates of KRAS and EGFR genes in
adenocarcinoma of the lung in Taiwan and their implications.
Cancer. 113:3199–3208. 2008.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
23
|
Szumera-Cieckiewicz A, Olszewski WT,
Tysarowski A, et al: EGFR mutation testing on cytological
and histological samples in non-small cell lung cancer: a Polish,
single institution study and systematic review of European
incidence. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 6:2800–2812. 2013.
|
|
24
|
Dogan S, Shen R, Ang DC, et al: Molecular
epidemiology of EGFR and KRAS mutations in 3,026 lung
adenocarcinomas: higher susceptibility of women to smoking-related
KRAS-mutant cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 18:6169–6177.
2012.
|
|
25
|
Reinersman JM, Johnson ML, Riely GJ, et
al: Frequency of EGFR and KRAS mutations in lung
adenocarcinomas in African Americans. J Thorac Oncol. 6:28–31.
2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
26
|
Arrieta O, Cardona AF, Federico Bramuglia
G, et al: Genotyping non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Latin
America. J Thorac Oncol. 6:1955–1959. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27
|
Gazdar AF, Shigematsu H, Herz J and Minna
JD: Mutations and addiction to EGFR: the Achilles ‘heal’ of
lung cancers? Trends Mol Med. 10:481–486. 2004.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
28
|
Kim YT, Kim TY, Lee DS, et al: Molecular
changes of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS and
their impact on the clinical outcomes in surgically resected
adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer. 59:111–118. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
29
|
Godin-Heymann N, Bryant I, Rivera MN, et
al: Oncogenic activity of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase
mutant alleles is enhanced by the T790M drug resistance mutation.
Cancer Res. 67:7319–7326. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
30
|
Pao W, Miller V, Zakowski M, et al: EGF
receptor gene mutations are common in lung cancers from ‘never
smokers’ and are associated with sensitivity of tumors to gefitinib
and erlotinib. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:13306–13311. 2004.
|
|
31
|
Riely GJ, Kris MG, Rosenbaum D, et al:
Frequency and distinctive spectrum of KRAS mutations in
never smokers with lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res.
14:5731–5734. 2008.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
32
|
Bos JL: ras oncogenes in human cancer: a
review. Cancer Res. 49:4682–4689. 1989.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
33
|
Okudela K, Woo T and Kitamura H: KRAS gene
mutations in lung cancer: particulars established and issues
unresolved. Pathol Int. 60:651–660. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
34
|
Siegfried JM, Gillespie AT, Mera R, et al:
Prognostic value of specific KRAS mutations in lung
adenocarcinomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 6:841–847.
1997.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
35
|
Johnson ML, Sima CS, Chaft J, et al:
Association of KRAS and EGFR mutations with survival
in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas. Cancer.
119:356–362. 2013.
|
|
36
|
Dacic S: EGFR assays in lung cancer. Adv
Anat Pathol. 15:241–247. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
37
|
Jancik S, Drabek J, Berkovcova J, et al: A
comparison of direct sequencing, pyrosequencing, high resolution
melting analysis, TheraScreen DxS, and the K-ras StripAssay for
detecting KRAS mutations in non small cell lung carcinomas.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 31:792012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
38
|
Fong KM, Zimmerman PV and Smith PJ: KRAS
codon 12 mutations in Australian non-small cell lung cancer. Aust
NZ J Med. 28:184–189. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
39
|
Tam IY, Chung LP, Suen WS, et al: Distinct
epidermal growth factor receptor and KRAS mutation patterns
in non-small cell lung cancer patients with different tobacco
exposure and clinicopathologic features. Clin Cancer Res.
12:1647–1653. 2006.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
40
|
Bae NC, Chae MH, Lee MH, et al:
EGFR, ERBB2, and KRAS mutations in Korean
non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Genet Cytogenet.
173:107–113. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
41
|
Kosaka T, Yatabe Y, Onozato R, Kuwano H
and Mitsudomi T: Prognostic implication of EGFR,
KRAS, and TP53 gene mutations in a large cohort of
Japanese patients with surgically treated lung adenocarcinoma. J
Thorac Oncol. 4:22–29. 2009.
|
|
42
|
Jang TW, Oak CH, Chang HK, Suo SJ and Jung
MH: EGFR and KRAS mutations in patients with adenocarcinoma of the
lung. Korean J Intern Med. 24:48–54. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
43
|
Boldrini L, Ali G, Gisfredi S, et al:
Epidermal growth factor receptor and K-RAS mutations in 411 lung
adenocarcinoma: A population-based prospective study. Oncol Rep.
22:683–691. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
44
|
Xu J, He J, Yang H, et al: Somatic
mutation analysis of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA in 861 patients
with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biomark. 10:63–69.
2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
45
|
Kakegawa S, Shimizu K, Sugano M, et al:
Clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma with
KRAS mutations. Cancer. 117:4257–4266. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
46
|
Smits AJ, Kummer JA, Hinrichs JW, et al:
EGFR and KRAS mutations in lung carcinomas in the
Dutch population: increased EGFR mutation frequency in
malignant pleural effusion of lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Oncol.
35:189–196. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
47
|
Bacchi CE, Ciol H, Queiroga EM, Benine LC,
Silva LH and Ojopi EB: Epidermal growth factor receptor and
KRAS mutations in Brazilian lung cancer patients. Clinics.
67:419–424. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
48
|
Guan JL, Zhong WZ, An SJ, et al: KRAS
mutation in patients with lung cancer: a predictor for poor
prognosis but not for EGFR-TKIs or chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol.
20:1381–1388. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
49
|
Fiala O, Pesek M, Finek J, Benesova L,
Belsanova B and Minarik M: The dominant role of G12C over other
KRAS mutation types in the negative prediction of efficacy
of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in
non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Genet. 206:26–31.
2013.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
50
|
Unal OU, Oztop I, Calibasi G, et al:
Relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor gene
mutations and clinicopathological features in patients with
non-small cell lung cancer in western Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer
Prev. 14:3705–3709. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
51
|
Choi YL, Sun JM, Cho J, et al: EGFR
mutation testing in patients with advanced non-small cell lung
cancer: a comprehensive evaluation of real-world practice in an
East Asian tertiary hospital. PloS One. 8:e560112013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
