Open Access

Angiopoietin-like protein 2 induces androgen-independent and malignant behavior in human prostate cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Ryuta Sato
    • Mutsushi Yamasaki
    • Kenichi Hirai
    • Takanori Matsubara
    • Takeo Nomura
    • Fuminori Sato
    • Hiromitsu Mimata
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: November 3, 2014     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3586
  • Pages: 58-66
  • Copyright: © Sato et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), which comprise 7 members (ANGPTL1-ANGPTL7), structurally resemble angiopoietins. We investigated the roles of ANGPTLs in the acquisition of androgen independence and the malignant behavior of human prostate cancer cells. Expression of ANGPTL messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins were ascertained using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis in human prostate cancer cell lines. Androgen‑dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent LNCaP/AI cells, respectively, were cultured in fetal bovine and charcoal-stripped medium. Cell proliferation, androgen dependence, migration and invasion, respectively, were examined under the overexpression and knockdown of ANGPTL2 by transfection of ANGPTL2 cDNA and its small‑interfering RNA (siRNA). The effects of exogenous ANGPTL2 and blocking of its receptor, integrin α5β1, were also investigated. Human prostate cancer cell lines predominantly expressed ANGPTL2 among the members. Interrupting ANGPTL2 expression with siRNA suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of LNCaP cells. LNCaP/AI cells showed a higher ANGPTL2 expression than that of LNCaP cells. Furthermore, siRNA led to apoptosis of LNCaP/AI cells. The ANGPTL2-overexpressing LNCaP cells markedly increased proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignant behavior in androgen‑deprived medium. The migration rates were increased depending on the concentration of ANGPTL2 recombinant protein and were inhibited by anti-integrin α5β1 antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to elucidate the expression of ANGPTL2 in human prostate cancer cells. ANGPTL2 may be important in the acquisition of androgen independency and tumor progression of prostate cancer in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner via the integrin α5β1 receptor. Targeting ANGPTL2 may therefore be an efficacious therapeutic modality for prostate cancer.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

January-2015
Volume 33 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Sato R, Yamasaki M, Hirai K, Matsubara T, Nomura T, Sato F and Mimata H: Angiopoietin-like protein 2 induces androgen-independent and malignant behavior in human prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 33: 58-66, 2015
APA
Sato, R., Yamasaki, M., Hirai, K., Matsubara, T., Nomura, T., Sato, F., & Mimata, H. (2015). Angiopoietin-like protein 2 induces androgen-independent and malignant behavior in human prostate cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 33, 58-66. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3586
MLA
Sato, R., Yamasaki, M., Hirai, K., Matsubara, T., Nomura, T., Sato, F., Mimata, H."Angiopoietin-like protein 2 induces androgen-independent and malignant behavior in human prostate cancer cells". Oncology Reports 33.1 (2015): 58-66.
Chicago
Sato, R., Yamasaki, M., Hirai, K., Matsubara, T., Nomura, T., Sato, F., Mimata, H."Angiopoietin-like protein 2 induces androgen-independent and malignant behavior in human prostate cancer cells". Oncology Reports 33, no. 1 (2015): 58-66. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3586