Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 34 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 34 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co‑expressing interleukin-18 and interferon-β exhibit potent antitumor effect against intracranial glioma in rats

  • Authors:
    • Gang Xu
    • Yanwu Guo
    • Zhiyuan Seng
    • Gang Cui
    • Jianqiang Qu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhujiang Hospital, South Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1915-1922
    |
    Published online on: August 5, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4174
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are promising gene vehicles for cancer gene therapy. In our previous study, we reported that BMSCs expressing interleukin (IL)-18 effectively inhibit the growth of glioma in rats. In the present study, we further detected the effect of BMSCs co-expressing IL-18 and interferon (IFN)-β, both of which are immunostimulatory cytokines. BMSCs were genetically engineered to express IL-18 and IFN-β by transfection of recombinant lentivirus-mediated gene transfer. Results showed that BMSCs co-expressing the two cytokines displayed more significant inhibition effect on glioma cell growth in vitro when compared with BMSCs solely expressing IL-18 or IFN-β. Treatment of BMSCs co-expressing IL-18 and IFN-β significantly prolonged the survival and inhibited tumor growth in a rat intracranial glioma model. Furthermore, these genetically engineered BMSCs remarkably promoted cell apoptosis, antitumor cytokine production and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in intracranial glioma tissues than BMSCs solely expressing IL-18 or IFN-β. Results of the present study suggested that IL-18 and IFN-β had a synergistic effect on glioma inhibition. Moreover, results provided evidence that delivery of IL-18 and IFN-β by BMSCs may be an excellent and promising approach to develop an effective treatment protocol for glioma therapy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Mao XG, Zhang X and Zhen HN: Progress on potential strategies to target brain tumor stem cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 29:141–155. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Maher EA, Furnari FB, Bachoo RM, Rowitch DH, Louis DN, Cavenee WK and DePinho RA: Malignant glioma: Genetics and biology of a grave matter. Genes Dev. 15:1311–1333. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Sanai N and Berger MS: Glioma extent of resection and its impact on patient outcome. Neurosurgery. 62:753–764; discussion 264–266. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Bexell D, Gunnarsson S, Tormin A, Darabi A, Gisselsson D, Roybon L, Scheding S and Bengzon J: Bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stroma cells act as pericyte-like migratory vehicles in experimental gliomas. Mol Ther. 17:183–190. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Gunnarsson S, Bexell D, Svensson A, Siesjö P, Darabi A and Bengzon J: Intratumoral IL-7 delivery by mesenchymal stromal cells potentiates IFNgamma-transduced tumor cell immuno-therapy of experimental glioma. J Neuroimmunol. 218:140–144. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Matuskova M, Hlubinova K, Pastorakova A, Hunakova L, Altanerova V, Altaner C and Kucerova L: HSV-tk expressing mesenchymal stem cells exert bystander effect on human glio-blastoma cells. Cancer Lett. 290:58–67. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Suryadevara CM, Verla T, Sanchez-Perez L, Reap EA, Choi BD, Fecci PE and Sampson JH: Immunotherapy for malignant glioma. Surg Neurol Int. 6(Suppl 1): S68–S77. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Okamura H, Tsutsi H, Komatsu T, Yutsudo M, Hakura A, Tanimoto T, Torigoe K, Okura T, Nukada Y, Hattori K, et al: Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-gamma production by T cells. Nature. 378:88–91. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Hwang KS, Cho WK, Yoo J, Seong YR, Kim BK, Kim S and Im DS: Adenovirus-mediated interleukin-18 mutant in vivo gene transfer inhibits tumor growth through the induction of T cell immunity and activation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Cancer Gene Ther. 11:397–407. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Ossendorp F, Mengedé E, Camps M, Filius R and Melief CJ: Specific T helper cell requirement for optimal induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against major histocompatibility complex class II negative tumors. J Exp Med. 187:693–702. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Kohyama M, Saijyo K, Hayasida M, Yasugi T, Kurimoto M and Ohno T: Direct activation of human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes by interleukin-18. Jpn J Cancer Res. 89:1041–1046. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Xia D, Li F and Xiang J: Engineered fusion hybrid vaccine of IL-18 gene-modified tumor cells and dendritic cells induces enhanced antitumor immunity. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 19:322–330. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Glick RP, Lichtor T, Mogharbel A, Taylor CA and Cohen EP: Intracerebral versus subcutaneous immunization with allogeneic fibroblasts genetically engineered to secrete interleukin-2 in the treatment of central nervous system glioma and melanoma. Neurosurgery. 41:898–906; discussion 906–907. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Sobol RE, Fakhrai H, Shawler D, Gjerset R, Dorigo O, Carson C, Khaleghi T, Koziol J, Shiftan TA and Royston I: Interleukin-2 gene therapy in a patient with glioblastoma. Gene Ther. 2:164–167. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Hertzog PJ, Hwang SY and Kola I: Role of interferons in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and development. Mol Reprod Dev. 39:226–232. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Nakahara N, Pollack IF, Storkus WJ, Wakabayashi T, Yoshida J and Okada H: Effective induction of antiglioma cytotoxic T cells by coadministration of interferon-beta gene vector and dendritic cells. Cancer Gene Ther. 10:549–558. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Williams RF, Myers AL, Sims TL, Ng CY, Nathwani AC and Davidoff AM: Targeting multiple angiogenic pathways for the treatment of neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg. 45:1103–1109. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Kageshita T, Mizuno M, Ono T, Matsumoto K, Saida T and Yoshida J: Growth inhibition of human malignant melanoma transfected with the human interferon-beta gene by means of cationic liposomes. Melanoma Res. 11:337–342. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Natsume A, Mizuno M, Ryuke Y and Yoshida J: Antitumor effect and cellular immunity activation by murine interferon-beta gene transfer against intracerebral glioma in mouse. Gene Ther. 6:1626–1633. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Natsume A, Tsujimura K, Mizuno M, Takahashi T and Yoshida J: IFN-beta gene therapy induces systemic antitumor immunity against malignant glioma. J Neurooncol. 47:117–124. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Xu G, Jiang XD, Xu Y, Zhang J, Huang FH, Chen ZZ, Zhou DX, Shang JH, Zou YX and Cai YQ: Adenoviral-mediated interleukin-18 expression in mesenchymal stem cells effectively suppresses the growth of glioma in rats. Cell Biol Int. 33:466–474. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Olson JJ, Friedman R, Orr K, Delaney T and Oldfield EH: Enhancement of the efficacy of x-irradiation by pentobarbital in a rodent brain-tumor model. J Neurosurg. 72:745–748. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Farrell CL, Stewart PA and Del Maestro RF: A new glioma model in rat: The C6 spheroid implantation technique permeability and vascular characterization. J Neurooncol. 4:403–415. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Chen W, Wang J, Shao C, Liu S, Yu Y, Wang Q and Cao X: Efficient induction of antitumor T cell immunity by exosomes derived from heat-shocked lymphoma cells. Eur J Immunol. 36:1598–1607. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Lohr J, Ratliff T, Huppertz A, Ge Y, Dictus C, Ahmadi R, Grau S, Hiraoka N, Eckstein V, Ecker RC, et al: Effector T-cell infiltration positively impacts survival of glioblastoma patients and is impaired by tumor-derived TGF-β. Clin Cancer Res. 17:4296–4308. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kraman M, Bambrough PJ, Arnold JN, Roberts EW, Magiera L, Jones JO, Gopinathan A, Tuveson DA and Fearon DT: Suppression of antitumor immunity by stromal cells expressing fibroblast activation protein-alpha. Science. 330:827–830. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Nakamizo A, Marini F, Amano T, Khan A, Studeny M, Gumin J, Chen J, Hentschel S, Vecil G, Dembinski J, et al: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of gliomas. Cancer Res. 65:3307–3318. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Uchibori R, Okada T, Ito T, Urabe M, Mizukami H, Kume A and Ozawa K: Retroviral vector-producing mesenchymal stem cells for targeted suicide cancer gene therapy. J Gene Med. 11:373–381. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Menon LG, Kelly K, Yang HW, Kim SK, Black PM and Carroll RS: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells expressing S-TRAIL as a cellular delivery vehicle for human glioma therapy. Stem Cells. 27:2320–2330. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Tang XJ, Lu JT, Tu HJ, Huang KM, Fu R, Cao G, Huang M, Cheng LH, Dai LJ and Zhang L: TRAIL-engineered bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: TRAIL expression and cytotoxic effects on C6 glioma cells. Anticancer Res. 34:729–734. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Liu W, Han B, Sun B, Gao Y, Huang Y and Hu M: Overexpression of interleukin-18 induces growth inhibition, apoptosis and gene expression changes in a human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. J Int Med Res. 40:537–544. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Liu W, Hu M, Wang Y, Sun B, Guo Y, Xu Z, Li J and Han B: Overexpression of interleukin-18 protein reduces viability and induces apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling. Oncol Rep. 33:1049–1056. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Zheng JN, Pei DS, Mao LJ, Liu XY, Sun FH, Zhang BF, Liu YQ, Liu JJ, Li W and Han D: Oncolytic adenovirus expressing interleukin-18 induces significant antitumor effects against melanoma in mice through inhibition of angiogenesis. Cancer Gene Ther. 17:28–36. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Takano S, Ishikawa E, Matsuda M, Yamamoto T and Matsumura A: Interferon-β inhibits glioma angiogenesis through downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and upregulation of interferon inducible protein 10. Int J Oncol. 45:1837–1846. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Yoshida J, Mizuno M and Yagi K: Cytotoxicity of human beta-interferon produced in human glioma cells transfected with its gene by means of liposomes. Biochem Int. 28:1055–1061. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Guo Y, Wang G, Gao WW, Cheng SW, Wang R, Ju SM, Cao HL and Tian HL: Induction of apoptosis in glioma cells and upregulation of Fas expression using the human interferon-β gene. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 13:2837–2840. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Zhang Y, Wang C, Zhang Y and Sun M: C6 glioma cells retrovi-rally engineered to express IL-18 and Fas exert FasL-dependent cytotoxicity against glioma formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 325:1240–1245. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Marshall DJ, Rudnick KA, McCarthy SG, Mateo LR, Harris MC, McCauley C and Snyder LA: Interleukin-18 enhances Th1 immunity and tumor protection of a DNA vaccine. Vaccine. 24:244–253. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Robertson MJ, Mier JW, Logan T, Atkins M, Koon H, Koch KM, Kathman S, Pandite LN, Oei C, Kirby LC, et al: Clinical and biological effects of recombinant human interleukin-18 administered by intravenous infusion to patients with advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 12:4265–4273. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Kikuchi T, Akasaki Y, Joki T, Abe T, Kurimoto M and Ohno T: Antitumor activity of interleukin-18 on mouse glioma cells. J Immunother. 23:184–189. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Yamanaka R and Xanthopoulos KG: Induction of antigen-specific immune responses against malignant brain tumors by intramuscular injection of sindbis DNA encoding gp100 and IL-18. DNA Cell Biol. 24:317–324. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Yamanaka R, Honma J, Tsuchiya N, Yajima N, Kobayashi T and Tanaka R: Tumor lysate and IL-18 loaded dendritic cells elicits Th1 response, tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in patients with malignant glioma. J Neurooncol. 72:107–113. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Yamanaka R, Tsuchiya N, Yajima N, Honma J, Hasegawa H, Tanaka R, Ramsey J, Blaese RM and Xanthopoulos KG: Induction of an antitumor immunological response by an intratumoral injection of dendritic cells pulsed with genetically engineered Semliki Forest virus to produce interleukin-18 combined with the systemic administration of interleukin-12. J Neurosurg. 99:746–753. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Meijer DH, Maguire CA, LeRoy SG and Sena-Esteves M: Controlling brain tumor growth by intraventricular administration of an AAV vector encoding IFN-beta. Cancer Gene Ther. 16:664–671. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Streck CJ, Dickson PV, Ng CY, Zhou J, Hall MM, Gray JT, Nathwani AC and Davidoff AM: Antitumor efficacy of AAV-mediated systemic delivery of interferon-beta. Cancer Gene Ther. 13:99–106. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu G, Guo Y, Seng Z, Cui G and Qu J: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co‑expressing interleukin-18 and interferon-β exhibit potent antitumor effect against intracranial glioma in rats. Oncol Rep 34: 1915-1922, 2015.
APA
Xu, G., Guo, Y., Seng, Z., Cui, G., & Qu, J. (2015). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co‑expressing interleukin-18 and interferon-β exhibit potent antitumor effect against intracranial glioma in rats. Oncology Reports, 34, 1915-1922. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4174
MLA
Xu, G., Guo, Y., Seng, Z., Cui, G., Qu, J."Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co‑expressing interleukin-18 and interferon-β exhibit potent antitumor effect against intracranial glioma in rats". Oncology Reports 34.4 (2015): 1915-1922.
Chicago
Xu, G., Guo, Y., Seng, Z., Cui, G., Qu, J."Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co‑expressing interleukin-18 and interferon-β exhibit potent antitumor effect against intracranial glioma in rats". Oncology Reports 34, no. 4 (2015): 1915-1922. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4174
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu G, Guo Y, Seng Z, Cui G and Qu J: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co‑expressing interleukin-18 and interferon-β exhibit potent antitumor effect against intracranial glioma in rats. Oncol Rep 34: 1915-1922, 2015.
APA
Xu, G., Guo, Y., Seng, Z., Cui, G., & Qu, J. (2015). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co‑expressing interleukin-18 and interferon-β exhibit potent antitumor effect against intracranial glioma in rats. Oncology Reports, 34, 1915-1922. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4174
MLA
Xu, G., Guo, Y., Seng, Z., Cui, G., Qu, J."Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co‑expressing interleukin-18 and interferon-β exhibit potent antitumor effect against intracranial glioma in rats". Oncology Reports 34.4 (2015): 1915-1922.
Chicago
Xu, G., Guo, Y., Seng, Z., Cui, G., Qu, J."Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells co‑expressing interleukin-18 and interferon-β exhibit potent antitumor effect against intracranial glioma in rats". Oncology Reports 34, no. 4 (2015): 1915-1922. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4174
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team