Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 34 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 34 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Mechanisms and in vitro effects of cepharanthine hydrochloride: Classification analysis of the drug-induced differentially-expressed genes of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Guanjun Liu
    • Dongmei Wu
    • Xinqiang Liang
    • Huifen Yue
    • Ying Cui
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
  • Pages: 2002-2010
    |
    Published online on: August 10, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4193
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most commonly diagnosed head and neck malignancy and is prevalent worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated the antitumor properties of cepharanthine hydrochloride (CH) in several human cancer cells. However, the action of CH in NPC cells has yet to be determined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CH in human NPC cell lines including CNE-1 and CNE-2 on cell growth and apoptosis in vitro. Using MTT and ATP-tumor chemosensitivity assays it was found that CH inhibited cell viability. Additionally, flow cytometric and analysis electron microscopy revealed the inhibition of cell cycle progression and reduction of apoptosis, respectively, in human NPC cell lines including CNE-1 and CNE-2 in vitro. To identify the potential action mechanisms of CH, the cDNA microarray analysis results were confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis using a number of genes, including CDKN1A/P21, NR4A1/TR3 and DAXX. In total, 138 upregulated and 63 downregulated genes in CNE-2 cells were treated with CH. According to their biological function, the genes were classified as: i) cell cycle-related genes; ii) DNA repair‑related genes; iii) apoptosis-related genes and iv) nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors signal pathways. The results of the present study showed that CH is a potential therapeutic agent against human NPC, and provide rational explanations and a scientific basis for the study of the development of CH in the treatment of NPC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:69–90. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Wang J, Huang Y, Guan Z, Zhang JL, Su HK, Zhang W, Yue CF, Yan M, Guan S and Liu QQ: E3-ligase Skp2 predicts poor prognosis and maintains cancer stem cell pool in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget. 5:5591–5601. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Lin JC, Jan JS, Hsu CY, Liang WM, Jiang RS and Wang WY: Phase III study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Positive effect on overall and progression-free survival. J Clin Oncol. 21:631–637. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Chang YH, Wu CC, Chang KP, Yu JS, Chang YC and Liao PC: Cell secretome analysis using hollow fiber culture system leads to the discovery of CLIC1 protein as a novel plasma marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Proteome Res. 8:5465–5474. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Lee AW, Poon YF, Foo W, Law SC, Cheung FK, Chan DK, Tung SY, Thaw M and Ho JH: Retrospective analysis of 5037 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated during 1976–1985: Overall survival and patterns of failure. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 23:261–270. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Lin HX, Hua YJ, Chen QY, Luo DH, Sun R, Qiu F, Mo HY, Mai HQ, Guo X, Xian LJ, et al: Randomized study of sinusoidal chronomodulated versus flat intermittent induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by traditional radiotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Chin J Cancer. 32:502–511. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Lo LC, Chen CY, Chen ST, Chen HC, Lee TC and Chang CS: Therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, Shen-Mai San, in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy: Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials. 13:2322012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Li X, Chen T, Lin S, Zhao J, Chen P, Ba Q, Guo H, Liu Y, Li J, Chu R, et al: Valeriana jatamansi constituent IVHD-valtrate as a novel therapeutic agent to human ovarian cancer: In vitro and in vivo activities and mechanisms. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 13:472–483. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Hou X, Yuan X, Zhang B, Wang S and Chen Q: Screening active anti-breast cancer compounds from Cortex Magnolia officinalis by 2D LC-MS. J Sep Sci. 36:706–712. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Su CC: Tanshinone IIA potentiates the efficacy of 5-FU in Colo205 colon cancer cells in vivo through downregulation of P-gp and LC3-II. Exp Ther Med. 3:555–559. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Lv JJ, Xu M, Wang D, Zhu HT, Yang CR, Wang YF, Li Y and Zhang YJ: Cytotoxic bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Stephania epigaea. J Nat Prod. 76:926–932. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Kudo K, Hagiwara S, Hasegawa A, Kusaka J, Koga H and Noguchi T: Cepharanthine exerts anti-inflammatory effects via NF-κB inhibition in a LPS-induced rat model of systemic inflammation. J Surg Res. 171:199–204. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Goto M, Zeller WP and Hurley RM: Cepharanthine (biscoclaurine alkaloid) treatment in endotoxic shock of suckling rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 43:589–591. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Furusawa S and Wu J: The effects of biscoclaurine alkaloid cepharanthine on mammalian cells: Implications for cancer, shock, and inflammatory diseases. Life Sci. 80:1073–1079. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kono K, Takahashi JA, Ueba T, Mori H, Hashimoto N and Fukumoto M: Effects of combination chemotherapy with biscoclaurine-derived alkaloid (Cepharanthine) and nimustine hydrochloride on malignant glioma cell lines. J Neurooncol. 56:101–108. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Takahashi-Makise N, Suzu S, Hiyoshi M, Ohsugi T, Katano H, Umezawa K and Okada S: Biscoclaurine alkaloid cepharanthine inhibits the growth of primary effusion lymphoma in vitro and in vivo and induces apoptosis via suppression of the NF-kappaB pathway. Int J Cancer. 125:1464–1472. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Harada T, Harada K and Ueyama Y: The enhancement of tumor radioresponse by combined treatment with cepharanthine is accompanied by the inhibition of DNA damage repair and the induction of apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol. 41:565–572. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Tamatani T, Azuma M, Motegi K, Takamaru N, Kawashima Y and Bando T: Cepharanthin-enhanced radiosensitivity through the inhibition of radiation-induced nuclear factor-κB activity in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol. 31:761–768. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Zahedi P, De Souza R, Huynh L, Piquette-Miller M and Allen C: Combination drug delivery strategy for the treatment of multidrug resistant ovarian cancer. Mol Pharm. 8:260–269. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Li H, Yan Z, Ning W, Xiao-Juan G, Cai-Hong Z, Jin-Hua J, Fang M and Qing-Duan W: Using Rhodamine 123 accumulation in CD8+ cells as a surrogate indicator to study the P-glycoprotein modulating effect of cepharanthine hydrochloride in vivo. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011:2816512011.

21 

Peng YM, Wang N, Wang YF, Han L, Zhang Y, Jiang JH, Zhou YB and Wang QD: Correlation between reversing effect of cepharanthine hydrochloride on multidrug resistance and P-glycoprotein expression and function of K562/ADR cells. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 47:594–599. 2012.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

22 

Abbas T and Dutta A: p21 in cancer: Intricate networks and multiple activities. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:400–414. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Liu G and Lozano G: p21 stability: Linking chaperones to a cell cycle checkpoint. Cancer Cell. 7:113–114. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Geng H, Rademacher BL, Pittsenbarger J, Huang CY, Harvey CT, Lafortune MC, Myrthue A, Garzotto M, Nelson PS, Beer TM, et al: ID1 enhances docetaxel cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells through inhibition of p21. Cancer Res. 70:3239–3248. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Prabhu S, Ignatova A, Park ST and Sun XH: Regulation of the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 by E2A and Id proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 17:5888–5896. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Okano S, Lan L, Tomkinson AE and Yasui A: Translocation of XRCC1 and DNA ligase IIIalpha from centrosomes to chromosomes in response to DNA damage in mitotic human cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 33:422–429. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Suwaki N, Klare K and Tarsounas M: RAD51 paralogs: Roles in DNA damage signalling, recombinational repair and tumorigenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 22:898–905. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Fuchs Y and Steller H: Programmed cell death in animal development and disease. Cell. 147:742–758. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Lin B, Kolluri SK, Lin F, Liu W, Han YH, Cao X, Dawson MI, Reed JC and Zhang XK: Conversion of Bcl-2 from protector to killer by interaction with nuclear orphan receptor Nur77/TR3. Cell. 116:527–540. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Michaelson JS, Bader D, Kuo F, Kozak C and Leder P: Loss of Daxx, a promiscuously interacting protein, results in extensive apoptosis in early mouse development. Genes Dev. 13:1918–1923. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Tang J, Qu LK, Zhang J, Wang W, Michaelson JS, Degenhardt YY, El-Deiry WS and Yang X: Critical role for Daxx in regulating Mdm2. Nat Cell Biol. 8:855–862. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Tamura RE, de Vasconcellos JF, Sarkar D, Libermann TA, Fisher PB and Zerbini LF: GADD45 proteins: Central players in tumorigenesis. Curr Mol Med. 12:634–651. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Dajee M, Lazarov M, Zhang JY, Cai T, Green CL, Russell AJ, Marinkovich MP, Tao S, Lin Q, Kubo Y, et al: NF-kappaB blockade and oncogenic Ras trigger invasive human epidermal neoplasia. Nature. 421:639–643. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Karin M and Lin A: NF-kappaB at the crossroads of life and death. Nat Immunol. 3:221–227. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Sakakibara S, Espigol-Frigole G, Gasperini P, Uldrick TS, Yarchoan R and Tosato G: A20/TNFAIP3 inhibits NF-κB activation induced by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus vFLIP oncoprotein. Oncogene. 32:1223–1232. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar :

36 

Al-Romaih K, Somers GR, Bayani J, Hughes S, Prasad M, Cutz JC, Xue H, Zielenska M, Wang Y and Squire JA: Modulation by decitabine of gene expression and growth of osteosarcoma U2OS cells in vitro and in xenografts: Identification of apoptotic genes as targets for demethylation. Cancer Cell Int. 7:142007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Daigeler A, Chromik AM, Geisler A, Bulut D, Hilgert C, Krieg A, Klein-Hitpass L, Lehnhardt M, Uhl W and Mittelkötter U: Synergistic apoptotic effects of taurolidine and TRAIL on squamous carcinoma cells of the esophagus. Int J Oncol. 32:1205–1220. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Daigeler A, Klein-Hitpass L, Chromik MA, Müller O, Hauser J, Homann HH, Steinau HU and Lehnhardt M: Heterogeneous in vitro effects of doxorubicin on gene expression in primary human liposarcoma cultures. BMC Cancer. 8:3132008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu G, Wu D, Liang X, Yue H and Cui Y: Mechanisms and in vitro effects of cepharanthine hydrochloride: Classification analysis of the drug-induced differentially-expressed genes of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 34: 2002-2010, 2015.
APA
Liu, G., Wu, D., Liang, X., Yue, H., & Cui, Y. (2015). Mechanisms and in vitro effects of cepharanthine hydrochloride: Classification analysis of the drug-induced differentially-expressed genes of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncology Reports, 34, 2002-2010. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4193
MLA
Liu, G., Wu, D., Liang, X., Yue, H., Cui, Y."Mechanisms and in vitro effects of cepharanthine hydrochloride: Classification analysis of the drug-induced differentially-expressed genes of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 34.4 (2015): 2002-2010.
Chicago
Liu, G., Wu, D., Liang, X., Yue, H., Cui, Y."Mechanisms and in vitro effects of cepharanthine hydrochloride: Classification analysis of the drug-induced differentially-expressed genes of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 34, no. 4 (2015): 2002-2010. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4193
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu G, Wu D, Liang X, Yue H and Cui Y: Mechanisms and in vitro effects of cepharanthine hydrochloride: Classification analysis of the drug-induced differentially-expressed genes of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 34: 2002-2010, 2015.
APA
Liu, G., Wu, D., Liang, X., Yue, H., & Cui, Y. (2015). Mechanisms and in vitro effects of cepharanthine hydrochloride: Classification analysis of the drug-induced differentially-expressed genes of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncology Reports, 34, 2002-2010. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4193
MLA
Liu, G., Wu, D., Liang, X., Yue, H., Cui, Y."Mechanisms and in vitro effects of cepharanthine hydrochloride: Classification analysis of the drug-induced differentially-expressed genes of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 34.4 (2015): 2002-2010.
Chicago
Liu, G., Wu, D., Liang, X., Yue, H., Cui, Y."Mechanisms and in vitro effects of cepharanthine hydrochloride: Classification analysis of the drug-induced differentially-expressed genes of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells". Oncology Reports 34, no. 4 (2015): 2002-2010. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4193
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team