Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
March-2016 Volume 35 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2016 Volume 35 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Autophagy-associated proteins BAG3 and p62 in testicular cancer

  • Authors:
    • Georg Bartsch
    • Lukas Jennewein
    • Patrick N. Harter
    • Patrick Antonietti
    • Roman A. Blaheta
    • Hans-Michael Kvasnicka
    • Donat Kögel
    • Axel Haferkamp
    • Michel Mittelbronn
    • Jens Mani
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Germany, Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Germany, Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
  • Pages: 1629-1635
    |
    Published online on: December 22, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4505
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) represent the most common malignant tumor group in the age group of 20 to 40-years old men. The potentially curable effect of cytotoxic therapy in TGCT is mediated mainly by the induction of apoptosis. Autophagy has been discussed as an alternative mechanism of cell death but also of treatment resistance in various types of tumors. However, in TGCT the expression and role of core autophagy-associated factors is hitherto unknown. We designed the study in order to evaluate the potential role of autophagy-associated factors in the development and progression of testicular cancers. Eighty-four patients were assessed for autophagy (BAG3, p62) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) markers using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue micro- arrays. In addition, western blot analyses of frozen tissue of seminoma and non-seminoma were performed. Our findings show that BAG3 was significantly upregulated in seminoma as compared to non-seminoma but not to normal testicular tissue. No significant difference of p62 expression was detected between neoplastic and normal tissue or between seminoma and non-seminoma. BAG3 and p62 showed distinct loco‑regional expression patterns in normal and neoplastic human testicular tissues. In contrast to the autophagic markers, apoptosis rate was significantly higher in testicular tumors as compared to normal testicular tissue, but not between different TGCT subtypes. The present study, for the first time, examined the expression of central autophagy proteins BAG3 and p62 in testicular cancer. Our findings imply that in general apoptosis but not autophagy induction differs between normal and neoplastic testis tissue.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Mayer F, Stoop H, Scheffer GL, Scheper R, Oosterhuis JW, Looijenga LH and Bokemeyer C: Molecular determinants of treatment response in human germ cell tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 9:767–773. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Spierings DC, de Vries EG, Vellenga E and de Jong S: The attractive Achilles heel of germ cell tumours: An inherent sensitivity to apoptosis-inducing stimuli. J Pathol. 200:137–148. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Hanahan D and Weinberg RA: Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation. Cell. 144:646–674. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Lian J, Wu X, He F, Karnak D, Tang W, Meng Y, Xiang D, Ji M, Lawrence TS and Xu L: A natural BH3 mimetic induces autophagy in apoptosis-resistant prostate cancer via modulating Bcl-2-Beclin1 interaction at endoplasmic reticulum. Cell Death Differ. 18:60–71. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Voss V, Senft C, Lang V, Ronellenfitsch MW, Steinbach JP, Seifert V and Kögel D: The pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor (−)-gossypol triggers autophagic cell death in malignant glioma. Mol Cancer Res. 8:1002–1016. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Nakatogawa H, Suzuki K, Kamada Y and Ohsumi Y: Dynamics and diversity in autophagy mechanisms: Lessons from yeast. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 10:458–467. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Mizushima N, Levine B, Cuervo AM and Klionsky DJ: Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion. Nature. 451:1069–1075. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Amaravadi RK, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Yin XM, Weiss WA, Takebe N, Timmer W, DiPaola RS, Lotze MT and White E: Principles and current strategies for targeting autophagy for cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res. 17:654–666. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Gamerdinger M, Hajieva P, Kaya AM, Wolfrum U, Hartl FU and Behl C: Protein quality control during aging involves recruitment of the macroautophagy pathway by BAG3. EMBO J. 28:889–901. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Baumgarten P, Harter PN, Tönjes M, Capper D, Blank AE, Sahm F, von Deimling A, Kolluru V, Schwamb B, Rabenhorst U, et al: Loss of FUBP1 expression in gliomas predicts FUBP1 mutation and is associated with oligodendroglial differentiation, IDH1 mutation and 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 40:205–216. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Harter PN, Bunz B, Dietz K, Hoffmann K, Meyermann R and Mittelbronn M: Spatio-temporal deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and netrin-1 expression in human foetal brain development. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 36:623–635. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Baehrecke EH: Autophagy: Dual roles in life and death? Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 6:505–510. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Degenhardt K, Mathew R, Beaudoin B, Bray K, Anderson D, Chen G, Mukherjee C, Shi Y, Gélinas C, Fan Y, et al: Autophagy promotes tumor cell survival and restricts necrosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell. 10:51–64. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Roy S and Debnath J: Autophagy and tumorigenesis. Semin Immunopathol. 32:383–396. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Galluzzi L, Pietrocola F, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Amaravadi RK, Baehrecke EH, Cecconi F, Codogno P, Debnath J, Gewirtz DA, Karantza V, et al: Autophagy in malignant transformation and cancer progression. EMBO J. 34:856–880. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Johansen T and Lamark T: Selective autophagy mediated by autophagic adapter proteins. Autophagy. 7:279–296. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar :

17 

Chen HY, Liu P, Sun M, Wu LY, Zhu HY, Qiao C, Dong HJ, Zhu DX, Xu W and Li JY: Bag3 gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its association with patients' prognosis. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 18:838–842. 2010.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

18 

Liao Q, Ozawa F, Friess H, Zimmermann A, Takayama S, Reed JC, Kleeff J and Büchler MW: The anti-apoptotic protein BAG-3 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and induced by heat stress in pancreatic cancer cell lines. FEBS Lett. 503:151–157. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Boiani M, Daniel C, Liu X, Hogarty MD and Marnett LJ: The stress protein BAG3 stabilizes Mcl-1 protein and promotes survival of cancer cells and resistance to antagonist ABT-737. J Biol Chem. 288:6980–6990. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Rosati A, Ammirante M, Gentilella A, Basile A, Festa M, Pascale M, Marzullo L, Belisario MA, Tosco A, Franceschelli S, et al: Apoptosis inhibition in cancer cells: A novel molecular pathway that involves BAG3 protein. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 39:1337–1342. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Behl C: BAG3 and friends: Co-chaperones in selective autophagy during aging and disease. Autophagy. 7:795–798. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Li X, Colvin T, Rauch JN, Acosta-Alvear D, Kampmann M, Dunyak B, Hann B, Aftab BT, Murnane M, Cho M, et al: Validation of the Hsp70-Bag3 protein-protein interaction as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 14:642–648. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Rapino F, Jung M and Fulda S: BAG3 induction is required to mitigate proteotoxicity via selective autophagy following inhibition of constitutive protein degradation pathways. Oncogene. 33:1713–1724. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Yao TP: The role of ubiquitin in autophagy-dependent protein aggregate processing. Genes Cancer. 1:779–786. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Hua F, Li K, Yu JJ, Lv XX, Yan J, Zhang XW, Sun W, Lin H, Shang S, Wang F, et al: TRB3 links insulin/IGF to tumour promotion by interacting with p62 and impeding autophagic/proteasomal degradations. Nat Commun. 6:79512015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Filomeni G, De Zio D and Cecconi F: Oxidative stress and autophagy: The clash between damage and metabolic needs. Cell Death Differ. 22:377–388. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

27 

Romano MF, Festa M, Petrella A, Rosati A, Pascale M, Bisogni R, Poggi V, Kohn EC, Venuta S, Turco MC, et al: BAG3 protein regulates cell survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 2:508–510. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Festa M, Del Valle L, Khalili K, Franco R, Scognamiglio G, Graziano V, De Laurenzi V, Turco MC and Rosati A: BAG3 protein is overexpressed in human glioblastoma and is a potential target for therapy. Am J Pathol. 178:2504–2512. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Choi J, Jung W and Koo JS: Expression of autophagy-related markers beclin-1, light chain 3A, light chain 3B and p62 according to the molecular subtype of breast cancer. Histopathology. 62:275–286. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Kim JY, Jung WH and Koo JS: Expression of autophagy-related proteins according to androgen receptor and HER-2 status in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. PLoS One. 9:e1056662014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Elmore S: Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death. Toxicol Pathol. 35:495–516. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Qiu Y, Li P and Ji C: Cell death conversion under hypoxic condition in tumor development and therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 16:25536–25551. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Kuijper A, van der Groep P, van der Wall E and van Diest PJ: Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and its downstream targets in fibroepithelial tumors of the breast. Breast Cancer Res. 7:R808–R818. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Kanamori H, Takemura G, Goto K, Maruyama R, Tsujimoto A, Ogino A, Takeyama T, Kawaguchi T, Watanabe T, Fujiwara T, et al: The role of autophagy emerging in postinfarction cardiac remodelling. Cardiovasc Res. 91:330–339. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Elstrand MB, Kleinberg L, Kohn EC, Tropé CG and Davidson B: Expression and clinical role of antiapoptotic proteins of the bag, heat shock, and Bcl-2 families in effusions, primary tumors, and solid metastases in ovarian carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 28:211–221. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Franceschelli S, Rosati A, Lerose R, De Nicola S, Turco MC and Pascale M: Bag3 gene expression is regulated by heat shock factor 1. J Cell Physiol. 215:575–577. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Sheikine Y, Genega E, Melamed J, Lee P, Reuter VE and Ye H: Molecular genetics of testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Cancer Res. 2:153–167. 2012.

38 

Mizushima N, Yoshimori T and Levine B: Methods in mammalian autophagy research. Cell. 140:313–326. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Bartsch G, Jennewein L, Harter PN, Antonietti P, Blaheta RA, Kvasnicka H, Kögel D, Haferkamp A, Mittelbronn M, Mani J, Mani J, et al: Autophagy-associated proteins BAG3 and p62 in testicular cancer. Oncol Rep 35: 1629-1635, 2016.
APA
Bartsch, G., Jennewein, L., Harter, P.N., Antonietti, P., Blaheta, R.A., Kvasnicka, H. ... Mani, J. (2016). Autophagy-associated proteins BAG3 and p62 in testicular cancer. Oncology Reports, 35, 1629-1635. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4505
MLA
Bartsch, G., Jennewein, L., Harter, P. N., Antonietti, P., Blaheta, R. A., Kvasnicka, H., Kögel, D., Haferkamp, A., Mittelbronn, M., Mani, J."Autophagy-associated proteins BAG3 and p62 in testicular cancer". Oncology Reports 35.3 (2016): 1629-1635.
Chicago
Bartsch, G., Jennewein, L., Harter, P. N., Antonietti, P., Blaheta, R. A., Kvasnicka, H., Kögel, D., Haferkamp, A., Mittelbronn, M., Mani, J."Autophagy-associated proteins BAG3 and p62 in testicular cancer". Oncology Reports 35, no. 3 (2016): 1629-1635. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4505
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Bartsch G, Jennewein L, Harter PN, Antonietti P, Blaheta RA, Kvasnicka H, Kögel D, Haferkamp A, Mittelbronn M, Mani J, Mani J, et al: Autophagy-associated proteins BAG3 and p62 in testicular cancer. Oncol Rep 35: 1629-1635, 2016.
APA
Bartsch, G., Jennewein, L., Harter, P.N., Antonietti, P., Blaheta, R.A., Kvasnicka, H. ... Mani, J. (2016). Autophagy-associated proteins BAG3 and p62 in testicular cancer. Oncology Reports, 35, 1629-1635. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4505
MLA
Bartsch, G., Jennewein, L., Harter, P. N., Antonietti, P., Blaheta, R. A., Kvasnicka, H., Kögel, D., Haferkamp, A., Mittelbronn, M., Mani, J."Autophagy-associated proteins BAG3 and p62 in testicular cancer". Oncology Reports 35.3 (2016): 1629-1635.
Chicago
Bartsch, G., Jennewein, L., Harter, P. N., Antonietti, P., Blaheta, R. A., Kvasnicka, H., Kögel, D., Haferkamp, A., Mittelbronn, M., Mani, J."Autophagy-associated proteins BAG3 and p62 in testicular cancer". Oncology Reports 35, no. 3 (2016): 1629-1635. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4505
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team