Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
April-2016 Volume 35 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2016 Volume 35 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

YL4073 is a potent autophagy-stimulating antitumor agent in an in vivo model of Lewis lung carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • You-Zhi Xu
    • Yong-Huai Li
    • Wen-Jie Lu
    • Kun Lu
    • Chun-Ting Wang
    • Yan Li
    • Hong-Jun Lin
    • Li-Xin Kan
    • Sheng-Yong Yang
    • Si-Ying Wang
    • Ying-Lan Zhao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China, Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China, Department of Electrocardiogram, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
  • Pages: 2081-2088
    |
    Published online on: February 1, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4603
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Cancer cells activate autophagy in response to anticancer therapies. Autophagy induction is a promising therapeutic approach to treat cancer. In a previous study, YL4073 inhibited the growth of liver cancer and induced liver cancer cell apoptosis. Here, we demonstrated the anticancer activity and specific mechanisms of YL4073 in Lewis lung carcinoma LL/2 cells. Our results show that YL4073-induced autophagy was followed by apoptotic cell death. The anticancer and autophagy stimulating efficacy was confirmed by several factors, including the appearance of autophagic vacuoles, formation of acidic vesicular organelles, recruitment of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3-II) to the autophagosomes, conversion and cleavage of LC3-I to LC3-II, upregulation of Beclin 1 expression, and formation of the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate in LL/2 cells after YL4073 treatment for 24 or 48 h. Furthermore, P53 activation and p-histone H3 phosphorylation occurred after cell exposure to YL4073 for 48 h, suggesting that cell apoptosis had occurred. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine increased cell apoptosis. Molecular level studies revealed that YL4073 inhibited survival signalling by blocking the activation of Akt and mTOR phosphorylation and reduced the expression of p-mTOR downstream targets for phosphorylation, including p70S6K, p-TSC, p-MAPK, and p-AMPK. This suggests that the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K and TSC/MAPK/AMPK pathways are involved in the effects of YL4073 treatment in LL/2 cells. In addition, YL4073 significantly inhibited LL/2 tumor growth and induced apoptosis in vivo. These data suggest that YL4073 has a significant anticancer effect, with a pathway-specific mechanism of autophagy both in vitro and in vivo.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J and Pisani P: Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer. 94:153–156. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Tyczynski JE, Bray F and Parkin DM: Lung cancer in Europe in 2000: Epidemiology, prevention, and early detection. Lancet Oncol. 4:45–55. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Siegel R, Naishadham D and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin. 63:11–30. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Singh RP, Deep G, Chittezhath M, Kaur M, Dwyer-Nield LD, Malkinson AM and Agarwal R: Effect of silibinin on the growth and progression of primary lung tumors in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst. 98:846–855. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Proctor RN: Tobacco and the global lung cancer epidemic. Nat Rev Cancer. 1:82–86. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Li ZG, Zhao YL, Wu X, Ye HY, Peng A, Cao ZX, Mao YQ, Zheng YZ, Jiang PD, Zhao X, et al: Barbigerone, a natural isoflavone, induces apoptosis in murine lung-cancer cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem. 24:95–104. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Gill RR, Jaklitsch MT and Jacobson FL: Controversies in lung cancer screening. J Am Coll Radiol. 10:931–936. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

De la Cruz CS, Tanoue LT and Matthay RA: Lung cancer: Epidemiology, etiology, and prevention. Clin Chest Med. 32:605–644. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Ettinger DS, Akerley W, Borghaei H, Chang AC, Cheney RT, Chirieac LR, D'Amico TA, Demmy TL, Govindan R, Grannis FW Jr, et al National comprehensive cancer network: Non-small cell lung cancer, version 2.2013. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 11:645–653; quiz 653. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, Hilgard P, Gane E, Blanc JF, de Oliveira AC, Santoro A, Raoul JL, Forner A, et al SHARP Investigators Study Group: Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 359:378–390. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Tomczak P, Michaelson MD, Bukowski RM, Rixe O, Oudard S, Negrier S, Szczylik C, Kim ST, et al: Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 356:115–124. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Xu YZ, Zheng RL, Zhou Y, Peng F, Lin HJ, Bu Q, Mao YQ, Yu LT, Yang L, Yang SY, et al: Small molecular anticancer agent SKLB703 induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Lett. 313:44–53. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Yue Z, Jin S, Yang C, Levine AJ and Heintz N: Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:15077–15082. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Eisenberg-Lerner A, Bialik S, Simon HU and Kimchi A: Life and death partners: Apoptosis, autophagy and the cross-talk between them. Cell Death Differ. 16:966–975. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kuma A, Hatano M, Matsui M, Yamamoto A, Nakaya H, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y, Tokuhisa T and Mizushima N: The role of autophagy during the early neonatal starvation period. Nature. 432:1032–1036. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Lum JJ, Bauer DE, Kong M, Harris MH, Li C, Lindsten T and Thompson CB: Growth factor regulation of autophagy and cell survival in the absence of apoptosis. Cell. 120:237–248. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Klionsky DJ and Emr SD: Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation. Science. 290:1717–1721. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Ohsumi Y: Molecular dissection of autophagy: Two ubiquitin-like systems. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2:211–216. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Shintani T and Klionsky DJ: Autophagy in health and disease: A double-edged sword. Science. 306:990–995. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

White E and DiPaola RS: The double-edged sword of autophagy modulation in cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 15:5308–5316. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Gozuacik D and Kimchi A: Autophagy as a cell death and tumor suppressor mechanism. Oncogene. 23:2891–2906. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Amaravadi RK and Thompson CB: The roles of therapy-induced autophagy and necrosis in cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res. 13:7271–7279. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Kondo Y, Kanzawa T, Sawaya R and Kondo S: The role of autophagy in cancer development and response to therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 5:726–734. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Espert L, Denizot M, Grimaldi M, Robert-Hebmann V, Gay B, Varbanov M, Codogno P and Biard-Piechaczyk M: Autophagy is involved in T cell death after binding of HIV-1 envelope proteins to CXCR4. J Clin Invest. 116:2161–2172. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Bommareddy A, Hahm ER, Xiao D, Powolny AA, Fisher AL, Jiang Y and Singh SV: Atg5 regulates phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 69:3704–3712. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kanzawa T, Kondo Y, Ito H, Kondo S and Germano I: Induction of autophagic cell death in malignant glioma cells by arsenic trioxide. Cancer Res. 63:2103–2108. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Abe J, Kusuhara M, Ulevitch RJ, Berk BC and Lee JD: Big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (BMK1) is a redox-sensitive kinase. J Biol Chem. 271:16586–16590. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Buck E, Eyzaguirre A, Brown E, Petti F, McCormack S, Haley JD, Iwata KK, Gibson NW and Griffin G: Rapamycin synergizes with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib in non-small-cell lung, pancreatic, colon, and breast tumors. Mol Cancer Ther. 5:2676–2684. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Bursch W, Ellinger A, Gerner C, Fröhwein U and Schulte-Hermann R: Programmed cell death (PCD). Apoptosis, autophagic PCD, or others? Ann NY Acad Sci. 926:1–12. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Bursch W, Hochegger K, Torok L, Marian B, Ellinger A and Hermann RS: Autophagic and apoptotic types of programmed cell death exhibit different fates of cytoskeletal filaments. J Cell Sci. 113:1189–1198. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Traganos F and Darzynkiewicz Z: Lysosomal proton pump activity: Supravital cell staining with acridine orange differentiates leukocyte subpopulations. Methods Cell Biol. 41:185–194. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Paglin S, Hollister T, Delohery T, Hackett N, McMahill M, Sphicas E, Domingo D and Yahalom J: A novel response of cancer cells to radiation involves autophagy and formation of acidic vesicles. Cancer Res. 61:439–444. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Kanzawa T, Germano IM, Komata T, Ito H, Kondo Y and Kondo S: Role of autophagy in temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity for malignant glioma cells. Cell Death Differ. 11:448–457. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Kim J and Klionsky DJ: Autophagy, cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway, and pexophagy in yeast and mammalian cells. Annu Rev Biochem. 69:303–342. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Shigemitsu K, Tsujishita Y, Hara K, Nanahoshi M, Avruch J and Yonezawa K: Regulation of translational effectors by amino acid and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways. Possible involvement of autophagy in cultured hepatoma cells. J Biol Chem. 274:1058–1065. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Pattingre S, Bauvy C and Codogno P: Amino acids interfere with the ERK1/2-dependent control of macroautophagy by controlling the activation of Raf-1 in human colon cancer HT-29 cells. J Biol Chem. 278:16667–16674. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Sandler A, Gray R, Perry MC, Brahmer J, Schiller JH, Dowlati A, Lilenbaum R and Johnson DH: Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 355:2542–2550. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Scagliotti GV, Parikh P, von Pawel J, Biesma B, Vansteenkiste J, Manegold C, Serwatowski P, Gatzemeier U, Digumarti R, Zukin M, et al: Phase III study comparing cisplatin plus gemcitabine with cisplatin plus pemetrexed in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 26:3543–3551. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Luistro L, He W, Smith M, Packman K, Vilenchik M, Carvajal D, Roberts J, Cai J, Berkofsky-Fessler W, Hilton H, et al: Preclinical profile of a potent γ-secretase inhibitor targeting notch signaling with in vivo efficacy and pharmacodynamic properties. Cancer Res. 69:7672–7680. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Karna P, Zughaier S, Pannu V, Simmons R, Narayan S and Aneja R: Induction of reactive oxygen species-mediated autophagy by a novel microtubule-modulating agent. J Biol Chem. 285:18737–18748. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Jiang H, White EJ, Ríos-Vicil CI, Xu J, Gomez-Manzano C and Fueyo J: Human adenovirus type 5 induces cell lysis through autophagy and autophagy-triggered caspase activity. J Virol. 85:4720–4729. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Shinojima N, Yokoyama T, Kondo Y and Kondo S: Roles of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in curcumin-induced autophagy. Autophagy. 3:635–637. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Codogno P and Meijer AJ: Autophagy and signaling: Their role in cell survival and cell death. Cell Death Differ. 12(Suppl 2): 1509–1518. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Li J, Rix U, Fang B, Bai Y, Edwards A, Colinge J, Bennett KL, Gao J, Song L, Eschrich S, et al: A chemical and phosphoproteomic characterization of dasatinib action in lung cancer. Nat Chem Biol. 6:291–299. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu Y, Li Y, Lu W, Lu K, Wang C, Li Y, Lin H, Kan L, Yang S, Wang S, Wang S, et al: YL4073 is a potent autophagy-stimulating antitumor agent in an in vivo model of Lewis lung carcinoma. Oncol Rep 35: 2081-2088, 2016.
APA
Xu, Y., Li, Y., Lu, W., Lu, K., Wang, C., Li, Y. ... Zhao, Y. (2016). YL4073 is a potent autophagy-stimulating antitumor agent in an in vivo model of Lewis lung carcinoma. Oncology Reports, 35, 2081-2088. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4603
MLA
Xu, Y., Li, Y., Lu, W., Lu, K., Wang, C., Li, Y., Lin, H., Kan, L., Yang, S., Wang, S., Zhao, Y."YL4073 is a potent autophagy-stimulating antitumor agent in an in vivo model of Lewis lung carcinoma". Oncology Reports 35.4 (2016): 2081-2088.
Chicago
Xu, Y., Li, Y., Lu, W., Lu, K., Wang, C., Li, Y., Lin, H., Kan, L., Yang, S., Wang, S., Zhao, Y."YL4073 is a potent autophagy-stimulating antitumor agent in an in vivo model of Lewis lung carcinoma". Oncology Reports 35, no. 4 (2016): 2081-2088. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4603
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu Y, Li Y, Lu W, Lu K, Wang C, Li Y, Lin H, Kan L, Yang S, Wang S, Wang S, et al: YL4073 is a potent autophagy-stimulating antitumor agent in an in vivo model of Lewis lung carcinoma. Oncol Rep 35: 2081-2088, 2016.
APA
Xu, Y., Li, Y., Lu, W., Lu, K., Wang, C., Li, Y. ... Zhao, Y. (2016). YL4073 is a potent autophagy-stimulating antitumor agent in an in vivo model of Lewis lung carcinoma. Oncology Reports, 35, 2081-2088. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4603
MLA
Xu, Y., Li, Y., Lu, W., Lu, K., Wang, C., Li, Y., Lin, H., Kan, L., Yang, S., Wang, S., Zhao, Y."YL4073 is a potent autophagy-stimulating antitumor agent in an in vivo model of Lewis lung carcinoma". Oncology Reports 35.4 (2016): 2081-2088.
Chicago
Xu, Y., Li, Y., Lu, W., Lu, K., Wang, C., Li, Y., Lin, H., Kan, L., Yang, S., Wang, S., Zhao, Y."YL4073 is a potent autophagy-stimulating antitumor agent in an in vivo model of Lewis lung carcinoma". Oncology Reports 35, no. 4 (2016): 2081-2088. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4603
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team