Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
May-2016 Volume 35 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2016 Volume 35 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Radiofrequency thermal treatment with chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer

  • Authors:
    • Hisanori Shoji
    • Masahiko Motegi
    • Kiyotaka Osawa
    • Noriyuki Okonogi
    • Atsushi Okazaki
    • Yoshitaka Andou
    • Takayuki Asao
    • Hiroyuki Kuwano
    • Takeo Takahashi
    • Kyoji Ogoshi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Division of Surgery, Hidaka Hospital, Gunma 370-0001, Japan, Division of Radiology, Hidaka Hospital, Gunma 370-0001, Japan, Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8511, Japan, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8511, Japan, Department of Radiation Oncology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350‑8550, Japan, Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Cancer Treatment, Hidaka Hospital, Gunma 370-0001, Japan
    Copyright: © Shoji et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2569-2575
    |
    Published online on: March 7, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4659
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

We previously reported that patients with a clinical complete response (CR) following radiofrequency thermal treatment exhibit significantly increased body temperature compared with other groups, whereas patients with a clinical partial response or stable disease depended on the absence or presence of output limiting symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation among treatment response, Hidaka radiofrequency (RF) output classification (HROC: termed by us) and changes in body temperature. From December 2011 to January 2014, 51 consecutive rectal cancer cases were included in this study. All patients underwent 5 RF thermal treatments with concurrent chemoradiation. Patients were classified into three groups based on HROC: with ≤9, 10-16, and ≥17 points, calculated as the sum total points of five treatments. Thirty-three patients received surgery 8 weeks after treatment, and among them, 32 resected specimens were evaluated for histological response. Eighteen patients did not undergo surgery, five because of progressive disease (PD) and 13 refused because of permanent colostomy. We demonstrated that good local control (ypCR + CR + CRPD) was observed in 32.7% of cases in this study. Pathological complete response (ypCR) was observed in 15.7% of the total 51 patients and in 24.2% of the 33 patients who underwent surgery. All ypCR cases had ≥10 points in the HROC, but there were no patients with ypCR among those with ≤9 points in the HROC. Standardization of RF thermal treatment was performed safely, and two types of patients were identified: those without or with increased temperatures, who consequently showed no or some benefit, respectively, for similar RF output thermal treatment. We propose that the HROC is beneficial for evaluating the efficacy of RF thermal treatment with chemoradiation for rectal cancer, and the thermoregulation control mechanism in individual patients may be pivotal in predicting the response to RF thermal treatment.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Roussakow S: The History of Hyperthermia Rise and Decline. Conference Papers in Medicine; 2013. article ID 428027. 2013, View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Lee CK, Song CW, Rhee JG, Foy JA and Levitt SH: Clinical experience using 8 MHz radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia in combination with radiotherapy: Results of a phase I/II study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 32:733–745. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Wiersma J, van Wieringen N, Crezee H and van Dijk JD: Delineation of potential hot spots for hyperthermia treatment planning optimisation. Int J Hyperthermia. 23:287–301. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Vasanthan A, Mitsumori M, Park JH, Zhi-Fan Z, Yu-Bin Z, Oliynychenko P, Tatsuzaki H, Tanaka Y and Hiraoka M: Regional hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy for uterine cervical cancers: A multi-institutional prospective randomized trial of the international atomic energy agency. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 61:145–153. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Roussakow S: Critical analysis of randomized trials on hyperthermia: dubious effect and multiple biases. Conference Papers in Medicine; 2013. article ID 412186. 2013, View Article : Google Scholar : 2013

6 

van der Zee J, González González D, van Rhoon GC, van Dijk JD, van Putten WL and Hart AA; Dutch Deep Hyperthermia Group: Comparison of radiotherapy alone with radiotherapy plus hyperthermia in locally advanced pelvic tumours: A prospective, randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet. 355:1119–1125. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Gérard A, Buyse M, Nordlinger B, Loygue J, Pène F, Kempf P, Bosset JF, Gignoux M, Arnaud JP, Desaive C, et al: Preoperative radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment in rectal cancer. Final results of a randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Ann Surg. 208:606–614. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Påhlman L and Glimelius B: Pre- or postoperative radiotherapy in rectal and rectosigmoid carcinoma. Report from a randomized multicenter trial. Ann Surg. 211:187–195. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

No authors listed. Preoperative short-term radiation therapy in operable rectal carcinoma. A prospective randomized trial. Stockholm Rectal Cancer Study Group. Cancer. 66:49–55. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bosset JF, Collette L, Calais G, Mineur L, Maingon P, Radosevic-Jelic L, Daban A, Bardet E, Beny A and Ollier JC; EORTC Radiotherapy Group Trial 22921: Chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 355:1114–1123. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Gérard JP, Conroy T, Bonnetain F, Bouché O, Chapet O, Closon-Dejardin MT, Untereiner M, Leduc B, Francois E, Maurel J, et al: Preoperative radiotherapy with or without concurrent fluorouracil and leucovorin in T3-4 rectal cancers: Results of FFCD 9203. J Clin Oncol. 24:4620–4625. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Bosset JF, Calais G, Mineur L, Maingon P, Stojanovic-Rundic S, Bensadoun RJ, Bardet E, Beny A, Ollier JC, Bolla M, et al EORTC Radiation Oncology Group: Fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: Long-term results of the EORTC 22921 randomised study. Lancet Oncol. 15:184–190. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Asao T, Sakurai H, Harashima K, Yamaguchi S, Tsutsumi S, Nonaka T, Shioya M, Nakano T and Kuwano H: The synchronization of chemotherapy to circadian rhythms and irradiation in pre-operative chemoradiation therapy with hyperthermia for local advanced rectal cancer. Int J Hyperthermia. 22:399–406. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Japanese Colon Cancer Association: Japanese Classification of Colon Carcinoma. 8th edition. Kanehara. Tokyo: 2013

15 

Shoji H, Motegi M, Osawa K, Okonogi N, Okazaki A, Andou Y, Asao T, Kuwano H, Takahashi T and Ogoshi K: Does standardization of radiofrequency hyperthermia benefit patients with malignancies? Ann Cancer Res Ther. 22:28–35. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, Wanders J, Kaplan RS, Rubinstein L, Verweij J, Van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom AT, Christian MC, et al: New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst. 92:205–216. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE): U.S. National Cancer Institute, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program. http://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm. Accessed December 2, 2014.

18 

Gerard JP, Rostom Y, Gal J, Benchimol D, Ortholan C, Aschele C and Levi JM: Can we increase the chance of sphincter saving surgery in rectal cancer with neoadjuvant treatments: Lessons from a systematic review of recent randomized trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 81:21–28. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Ricardi U, Racca P, Franco P, Munoz F, Fanchini L, Rondi N, Dongiovanni V, Gabriele P, Cassoni P, Ciuffreda L, et al: Prospective phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy with oxaliplatin and capecitabine in locally advanced rectal cancer (XELOXART). Med Oncol. 30:5812013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Passoni P, Fiorino C, Slim N, Ronzoni M, Ricci V, Di Palo S, De Nardi P, Orsenigo E, Tamburini A, De Cobelli F, et al: Feasibility of an adaptive strategy in preoperative radiochemotherapy for rectal cancer with image-guided tomotherapy: Boosting the dose to the shrinking tumor. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 87:67–72. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Landry JC, Feng Y, Cohen SJ, Staley CA III, Whittington R, Sigurdson ER, Nimeiri H, Verma U, Prabhu RS and Benson AB: Phase 2 study of preoperative radiation with concurrent capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab followed by surgery and postoperative 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), and bevacizumab in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: ECOG 3204. Cancer. 119:1521–1527. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Huang MY, Chen CF, Huang CM, Tsai HL, Yeh YS, Ma CJ, Wu CH, Lu CY, Chai CY, Huang CJ, et al: Helical tomotherapy combined with capecitabine in the preoperative treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2014:3520832014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Hernando-Requejo O, López M, Cubillo A, Rodriguez A, Ciervide R, Valero J, Sánchez E, Garcia-Aranda M, Rodriguez J, Potdevin G, et al: Complete pathological responses in locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative IMRT and integrated-boost chemoradiation. Strahlenther Onkol. 190:515–520. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Lu JY, Xiao Y, Qiu HZ, Wu B, Lin GL, Xu L, Zhang GN and Hu K: Clinical outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy with oxaliplatin and capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil for locally advanced rectal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 108:213–219. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Kapp DS and Cox RS: Thermal treatment parameters are most predictive of outcome in patients with single tumor nodules per treatment field in recurrent adenocarcinoma of the breast. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 33:887–899. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Romanovsky AA: Thermoregulation: Some concepts have changed. Functional architecture of the thermoregulatory system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 292:R37–R46. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD and Julius D: The capsaicin receptor: A heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature. 389:816–824. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Tominaga M, Caterina MJ, Malmberg AB, Rosen TA, Gilbert H, Skinner K, Raumann BE, Basbaum AI and Julius D: The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli. Neuron. 21:531–543. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Yao J, Liu B and Qin F: Kinetic and energetic analysis of thermally activated TRPV1 channels. Biophys J. 99:1743–1753. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Shoji H, Motegi M, Osawa K, Okonogi N, Okazaki A, Andou Y, Asao T, Kuwano H, Takahashi T, Ogoshi K, Ogoshi K, et al: Radiofrequency thermal treatment with chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer. Oncol Rep 35: 2569-2575, 2016.
APA
Shoji, H., Motegi, M., Osawa, K., Okonogi, N., Okazaki, A., Andou, Y. ... Ogoshi, K. (2016). Radiofrequency thermal treatment with chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer. Oncology Reports, 35, 2569-2575. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4659
MLA
Shoji, H., Motegi, M., Osawa, K., Okonogi, N., Okazaki, A., Andou, Y., Asao, T., Kuwano, H., Takahashi, T., Ogoshi, K."Radiofrequency thermal treatment with chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer". Oncology Reports 35.5 (2016): 2569-2575.
Chicago
Shoji, H., Motegi, M., Osawa, K., Okonogi, N., Okazaki, A., Andou, Y., Asao, T., Kuwano, H., Takahashi, T., Ogoshi, K."Radiofrequency thermal treatment with chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer". Oncology Reports 35, no. 5 (2016): 2569-2575. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4659
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Shoji H, Motegi M, Osawa K, Okonogi N, Okazaki A, Andou Y, Asao T, Kuwano H, Takahashi T, Ogoshi K, Ogoshi K, et al: Radiofrequency thermal treatment with chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer. Oncol Rep 35: 2569-2575, 2016.
APA
Shoji, H., Motegi, M., Osawa, K., Okonogi, N., Okazaki, A., Andou, Y. ... Ogoshi, K. (2016). Radiofrequency thermal treatment with chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer. Oncology Reports, 35, 2569-2575. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4659
MLA
Shoji, H., Motegi, M., Osawa, K., Okonogi, N., Okazaki, A., Andou, Y., Asao, T., Kuwano, H., Takahashi, T., Ogoshi, K."Radiofrequency thermal treatment with chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer". Oncology Reports 35.5 (2016): 2569-2575.
Chicago
Shoji, H., Motegi, M., Osawa, K., Okonogi, N., Okazaki, A., Andou, Y., Asao, T., Kuwano, H., Takahashi, T., Ogoshi, K."Radiofrequency thermal treatment with chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer". Oncology Reports 35, no. 5 (2016): 2569-2575. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4659
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team