Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
May-2016 Volume 35 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2016 Volume 35 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis: Updates in experimental models (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Monica Neagu
    • Constantin Caruntu
    • Carolina Constantin
    • Daniel Boda
    • Sabina Zurac
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania, Department of Physiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania, Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest 79811, Romania, Department of Pathology, ‘Colentina’ Clinical Hospital, Bucharest 72202, Romania, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71409, Greece, Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
    Copyright: © Neagu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2516-2528
    |
    Published online on: March 17, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4683
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting humans worldwide, and its incidence is rapidly increasing. The study of skin carcinogenesis is of major interest for both scientific research and clinical practice and the use of in vivo systems may facilitate the investigation of early alterations in the skin and of the mechanisms involved, and may also lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for skin cancer. This review outlines several aspects regarding the skin toxicity testing domain in mouse models of chemically induced skin carcinogenesis. There are important strain differences in view of the histological type, development and clinical evolution of the skin tumor, differences reported decades ago and confirmed by our hands‑on experience. Using mouse models in preclinical testing is important due to the fact that, at the molecular level, common mechanisms with human cutaneous tumorigenesis are depicted. These animal models resemble human skin cancer development, in that genetic changes caused by carcinogens and pro‑inflammatory cytokines, and simultaneous inflammation sustained by pro‑inflammatory cytokines and chemokines favor tumor progression. Drugs and environmental conditions can be tested using these animal models. keeping in mind the differences between human and rodent skin physiology.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Bos JD: The skin as an organ of immunity. Clin Exp Immunol. 107(suppl 1): 3–5. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Bos JD: Skin immune system: Cutaneous immunology and clinical immunodermatology. 3rd edition. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL: pp. 3–13. 2005

3 

Neagu M: The immune system-a hidden treasure for biomarker discovery in cutaneous melanoma. Advances in Clinical chemistry. 58. Makowski GS: Academic Press; Burlington, ON; pp. 89–140. 2012, View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Elentner A, Ortner D, Clausen B, Gonzalez FJ, Fernández-Salguero PM, Schmuth M and Dubrac S: Skin response to a carcinogen involves the xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor. Exp Dermatol. 24:835–840. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

de Vries E, Trakatelli M, Kalabalikis D, Ferrandiz L, Ruiz-de-Casas A, Moreno-Ramirez D, Sotiriadis D, Ioannides D, Aquilina S, Apap C, et al: EPIDERM Group: Known and potential new risk factors for skin cancer in European populations: A multicentre case-control study. Br J Dermatol. 167(Suppl 2): 1–13. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Diepgen TL and Mahler V: the epidemiology of skin cancer. Br J Dermatol. 146(Suppl 61): 1–6. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Ene CD, Anghel AE, Neagu M and Nicolae I: 25-OH Vitamin D and interleukin-8: Emerging biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma development and progression. Mediators Inflamm. 2015:9048762015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Căruntu C, Grigore C, Căruntu A, Diaconeasa A and Boda D: The role of stress in skin diseases. Intern Med. 8:73–84. 2011.

9 

Căruntu C, Ghiţă Ma, Căruntu A and Boda D: the role of stress in the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of acne. Ro Med J. 58:98–101. 2011.

10 

Căruntu C, Boda D, Musat S, Căruntu A and Mandache E: Stress-induced mast cell activation in glabrous and hairy skin. Mediators Inflamm. 2014:1059502014. View Article : Google Scholar :

11 

Caruntu C, Boda D, Constantin C, Caruntu A and Neagu M: Catecholamines increase in vitro proliferation of murine B16F10 melanoma cells. Acta Endocrinologica (Buc). 10:545–558. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Marks F and Fürstenberger G: Experimental evidence that skin carcinogenesis is a multistep phenomenon. Br J Dermatol. 115(suppl 31): 1–8. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Bibby Mc: the specificity of early changes in the skin during carcinogenesis. Br J Dermatol. 104:485–488. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Waterston RH, Lindblad-Toh K, Birney E, Rogers J, Abril JF, Agarwal P, Agarwala R, Ainscough R, Alexandersson M, An P, et al: Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium: Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome. Nature. 420:520–562. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Mestas J and Hughes CC: Of mice and not men: differences between mouse and human immunology. J Immunol. 172:2731–2738. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Shepherd FA and Sridhar SS: Angiogenesis inhibitors under study for the treatment of lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 41(Suppl 1): S63–S72. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Oehler MK and Bicknell R: The promise of anti-angiogenic cancer therapy. Br J Ccancer. 82:749–752. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Panitch HS, Hirsch RL, Haley AS and Johnson KP: Exacerbations of multiple sclerosis in patients treated with gamma interferon. Lancet. 1:893–895. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Sykes M: Mixed chimerism and transplant tolerance. Immunity. 14:417–424. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Wood KJ: Passenger leukocytes and microchimerism: What role in tolerance induction? Transplantation. 75(suppl 9): 17s–20s. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Monaco AP: chimerism in organ transplantation: conflicting experiments and clinical observations. Transplantation. 75(suppl 9): 13s–16s. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Elbe A, Foster CA and Stingl G: T-cell receptor alpha beta and gamma delta T cells in rat and human skin - are they equivalent? Semin Immunol. 8:341–349. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Gardner RV, Velez MC, Ode DL, Lee JW and Correa H: Gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma as a recurrent complication after transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma. 45:2355–2359. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Bergstresser PR, Tigelaar RE, Dees JH and Streilein JW: Thy-1 antigen-bearing dendritic cells populate murine epidermis. J Invest Dermatol. 81:286–288. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Jameson J and Havran WL: Skin gammadelta T-cell functions in homeostasis and wound healing. Immunol Rev. 215:114–122. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

de Jong A, Peña-Cruz V, Cheng TY, Clark RA, Van Rhijn I and Moody DB: CD1a-autoreactive T cells are a normal component of the human αβ T cell repertoire. Nat Immunol. 11:1102–1109. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Lindlahr H: Nature Cure: Philosophy and practice based on the unity of disease and cure. 20th edition. Nature Cure Publishing company; Chicago, IL: 1922

28 

Ward PA: Acute and chronic inflammation. Fundamentals of Inflammation. Serhan CN, Ward PA and Gilroy DW: Cambridge University Press; Cambridge: pp. 1–16. 2010, View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Neagu M, Constantin C, Dumitrascu GR, Lupu AR, Caruntu C, Boda D and Zurac S: Inflammation markers in cutaneous melanoma - edgy biomarkers for prognosis. Discoveries. 3:e382015. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

DeNardo DG and Coussens LM: Inflammation and breast cancer. Balancing immune response: Crosstalk between adaptive and innate immune cells during breast cancer progression. Breast Cancer Res. 9(212)2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A and Balkwill F: Cancer-related inflammation. Nature. 454:436–444. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Gonda TA, Tu S and Wang TC: chronic inflammation, the tumor microenvironment and carcinogenesis. Cell Cycle. 8:2005–2013. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Nedoszytko B, Sokołowska-Wojdyło M, Ruckemann-Dziurdzińska K, Roszkiewicz J and Nowicki RJ: Chemokines and cytokines network in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory skin diseases: Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and skin mastocytosis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 31:84–91. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Neagu M, Constantin C and Longo C: Chemokines in the melanoma metastasis biomarkers portrait. J Immunoassay Immunochem. 36:559–566. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Justus CR, Leffler N, Ruiz-Echevarria M and Yang LV: In vitro cell migration and invasion assays. J Vis exp. View Article : Google Scholar : 2014.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Bosanquet DC, Ye L, Harding KG and Jiang WG: Expressed in high metastatic cells (Ehm2) is a positive regulator of keratinocyte adhesion and motility: The implication for wound healing. J Dermatol Sci. 71:115–121. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Oser M, Yamaguchi H, Mader CC, Bravo-Cordero JJ, Arias M, Chen X, Desmarais V, van Rheenen J, koleske AJ and Condeelis J: Cortactin regulates cofilin and N-WASp activities to control the stages of invadopodium assembly and maturation. J Cell Biol. 186:571–587. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Schäfer M and Werner S: Cancer as an overhealing wound: An old hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 9:628–638. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Kong D, Li Y, Wang Z and Sarkar FH: Cancer stem cells and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-phenotypic cells: are they cousins or twins? Cancers (Basel). 3:716–729. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Plikus MV, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Treffeisen E and Gay DL: Epigenetic control of skin and hair regeneration after wounding. Exp Dermatol. 24:167–170. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

41 

Yan C, Grimm WA, Garner WL, Qin L, Travis T, Tan N and Han YP: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human skin wound healing is induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha through bone morphogenic protein-2. Am J Pathol. 176:2247–2258. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Leopold PL, Vincent J and Wang H: A comparison of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and re-epithelialization. Semin Cancer Biol. 22:471–483. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Graf T and Enver T: Forcing cells to change lineages. Nature. 462:587–594. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Brittan M, Braun KM, Reynolds LE, Conti FJ, Reynolds AR, Poulsom R, Alison MR, Wright NA and Hodivala-Dilke KM: Bone marrow cells engraft within the epidermis and proliferate in vivo with no evidence of cell fusion. J Pathol. 205:1–13. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Sasaki M, Abe R, Fujita Y, Ando S, Inokuma D and Shimizu H: Mesenchymal stem cells are recruited into wounded skin and contribute to wound repair by transdifferentiation into multiple skin cell type. J Immunol. 180:2581–2587. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Egeblad M, Nakasone ES and Werb Z: Tumors as organs: Complex tissues that interface with the entire organism. Dev Cell. 18:884–901. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Dunham LJ: Cancer in man at site of prior benign lesion of skin or mucous membrane: A review. Cancer Res. 32:1359–1374. 1972.PubMed/NCBI

48 

Frei JV and Stephens P: the correlation of promotion of tumour growth and of induction of hyperplasia in epidermal two-stage carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer. 22:83–92. 1968. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Kemp CJ: Multistep skin cancer in mice as a model to study the evolution of cancer cells. Semin Cancer Biol. 15:460–473. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Verma AK, Wheeler DL, Aziz MH and Manoharan H: Protein kinase Cepsilon and development of squamous cell carcinoma, the nonmelanoma human skin cancer. Mol Carcinog. 45:381–388. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Rundhaug JE and Fischer SM: Tumor promoters and models of promotion. comprehensive toxicology. 12. Sipes IG, McQueen CA and Gandolfi AJ: Elsevier Sciences Ltd; New York, NY: pp. 325–348. 1997

52 

Abel EL, Angel JM, Kiguchi K and DiGiovanni J: Multi-stage chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin: Fundamentals and applications. Nat Protoc. 4:1350–1362. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Digiovanni J: Modification of multistage skin carcinogenesis in mice. Modification of tumor development in rodents. 33. Ito N and Sugano H: Karger, Basel; pp. 192–229. 1991

54 

Segrelles C, Lu J, Hammann B, Santos M, Moral M, Cascallana JL, Lara MF, Rho O, Carbajal S, Traag J, et al: Deregulated activity of Akt in epithelial basal cells induces spontaneous tumors and heightened sensitivity to skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 67:10879–10888. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Amornphimoltham P, Leelahavanichkul K, Molinolo A, Patel V and Gutkind JS: Inhibition of Mammalian target of rapamycin by rapamycin causes the regression of carcinogen-induced skin tumor lesions. Clin Cancer Res. 14:8094–8101. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Bassi DE and Klein-Szanto AJP: Current protocols in pharmacology. Carcinogen-induced animal models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hoboken, NJ: pp. 14.12.11–14.12.19. 2007

57 

Ashman LK, Murray AW, Cook MG and Kotlarski I: Two-stage skin carcinogenesis in sensitive and resistant mouse strains. Carcinogenesis. 3:99–102. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Wolf CR and Henderson CJ: Use of transgenic animals in understanding molecular mechanisms of toxicity. J Pharm Pharmacol. 50:567–574. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Sundberg JP, Sundberg BA and Beamer WG: Comparison of chemical carcinogen skin tumor induction efficacy in inbred, mutant, and hybrid strains of mice: Morphologic variations of induced tumors and absence of a papillomavirus cocarcinogen. Mol carcinog. 20:19–32. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

McCormick DL and Moon RC: Antipromotional activity of dietary N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide in two-stage skin tumorigenesis in CD-1 and SENCAR mice. Cancer Lett. 31:133–138. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Warren BS and Slaga TJ: Mechanisms of inhibition of tumor progression. Basic Life Sci. 61:279–289. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

62 

Xu H, Cheepala S, McCauley E, Coombes K, Xiao L, Fischer SM and Clifford JL: Chemoprevention of skin carcinogenesis by phenylretinamides: retinoid receptor-independent tumor suppression. Clin Cancer Res. 12(3 Pt 1): 969–979. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Miller SJ, Wei ZG, Wilson C, Dzubow L, Sun TT and Lavker RM: Mouse skin is particularly susceptible to tumor initiation during early anagen of the hair cycle: Possible involvement of hair follicle stem cells. J Invest Dermatol. 101:591–594. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Marinescu B, Isvoranu G, Constantin C, Coman C, Zurac S, Căruntu C, Boda D, Neagu M and Călin M: Experimental model of chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. Rev Rom Med Vet. 20:97–104. 2010.

65 

Home Office: Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986: Code of Practice for the Housing and Care of Animals Used in Scientific Procedures. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228831/0107.pdf. accessed January 20, 2016.

66 

Diaconeasa A, Boda D, Neagu M, Constantin C, Căruntu C, Vlădău L and Guţu D: The role of confocal microscopy in the dermato-oncology practice. J Med Life. 4:63–74. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

67 

Căruntu C and Boda D: Evaluation through in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of the cutaneous neurogenic inflammatory reaction induced by capsaicin in human subjects. J Biomed Opt. 17(085003)2012. View Article : Google Scholar

68 

Li Y, Gonzalez S, Terwey TH, Wolchok J, Li Y, Aranda I, Toledo-Crow R and Halpern AC: Dual mode reflectance and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy for in vivo imaging melanoma progression in murine skin. J Invest Dermatol. 125:798–804. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Li Z, Huang P, Zhang X, Lin J, Yang S, Liu B, Gao F, Xi P, Ren Q and Cui D: RGD-conjugated dendrimer-modified gold nanorods for in vivo tumor targeting and photothermal therapy. Mol Pharm. 7:94–104. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

70 

Căruntu C, Boda D, Guţu De and Căruntu A: In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of basal cell carcinoma with cystic degeneration. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 55:1437–1441. 2014.

71 

Căruntu C, Boda D, Căruntu A, Rotaru M, Baderca F and Zurac S: In vivo imaging techniques for psoriatic lesions. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 55(Suppl 3): 1191–1196. 2014.

72 

Croix CS, Zipfel WR and Watkins SC: Potential solutions for confocal imaging of living animals. Biotechniques. 43(Suppl 1): 14–19. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

Fujiki H, Sueoka E and Suganuma M: Tumor promoters: From chemicals to inflammatory proteins. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 139:1603–1614. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Neagu M, Constantin C, Martin D, Albulescu L, Iacob N and Ighigeanu D: Whole body microwave irradiation for improved dacarbazine therapeutical action in cutaneous melanoma mouse model. Radiol Res Pract. 2013(414816)2013.

75 

Schwarz M, Münzel PA and Braeuning A: Non-melanoma skin cancer in mouse and man. Arch Toxicol. 87:783–798. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

76 

Prasad R and Katiyar SK: Ultraviolet radiation-induced inflammation activates β-catenin signaling in mouse skin and skin tumors. Int J Oncol. 44:1199–1206. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

77 

Huang YF, Yeh HY and Soo VW: Inferring drug-disease associations from integration of chemical, genomic and phenotype data using network propagation. BMC Med Genomics. 6(Suppl 3): S42013. View Article : Google Scholar

78 

Yang AY, Lee JH, Shu L, Zhang C, Su ZY, Lu Y, Huang MT, Ramirez C, Pung D, Huang Y, et al: Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in UVB- and DMBA/TPA-induced mouse skin cancer models. Life Sci. 113:45–54. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Uekusa S, Kawashima H, Sugito K, Yoshizawa S, Shinojima Y, Igarashi J, Ghosh S, Wang X, Fujiwara K, Ikeda T, et al: Nr4a3, a possibile oncogenic factor for neuroblastoma associated with CpGi methylation within the third exon. Int J Oncol. 44:1669–1677. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

80 

Saito M, Okumura K, Miura I, Wakana S, Kominami R and Wakabayashi Y: Identification of Stmm3 locus conferring resistance to late-stage chemically induced skin papillomas on mouse chromosome 4 by congenic mapping and allele-specific alteration analysis. Exp Anim. 63:339–348. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

81 

Okumura K, Saito M, Isogai E, Miura I, Wakana S, Kominami R and Wakabayashi Y: Congenic mapping and allele-specific alteration analysis of Stmm1 locus conferring resistance to early-stage chemically induced skin papillomas. PLos One. 9:e972012014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

82 

Han G, Lu SL, Li AG, He W, Corless CL, Kulesz-Martin M and Wang XJ: Distinct mechanisms of TGF-beta1-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis during skin carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest. 115:1714–1723. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Matsumoto T, Jiang J, Kiguchi K, Ruffino L, Carbajal S, Beltrán L, Bol DK, Rosenberg MP and DiGiovanni J: Targeted expression of c-Src in epidermal basal cells leads to enhanced skin tumor promotion, malignant progression, and metastasis. Cancer Res. 63:4819–4828. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

84 

Chen J and Roop DR: Genetically engineered mouse models for skin research: Taking the next step. J Dermatol Sci. 52:1–12. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

85 

Wilker E, Lu J, Rho O, Carbajal S, Beltrán L and DiGiovanni J: Role of PI3K/Akt signaling in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) skin tumor promotion. Mol Carcinog. 44:137–145. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

86 

Hayes J, Peruzzi PP and Lawler S: MicroRNAs in cancer: biomarkers, functions and therapy. Trends Mol Med. 20:460–469. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

Acunzo M, Romano G, Wernicke D and Croce CM: MicroRNA and cancer - a brief overview. Adv Biol Regul. 57:1–9. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

88 

Syed DN, Khan MI, Shabbir M and Mukhtar H: MicroRNAs in skin response to UV radiation. Curr Drug Targets. 14:1128–1134. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

89 

Singh A, Willems E, Singh A, Hafeez BB, Ong IM, Mehta SL and Verma AK: Ultraviolet radiation-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha, which is linked to the development of cutaneous SCC, modulates differential epidermal microRNAs expression. Oncotarget. Feb 22–2016.Epub ahead of print. PubMed/NCBI

90 

Skourti E, Logotheti S, Kontos CK, Pavlopoulou A, Dimoragka PT, trougakos IP, gorgoulis V, scorilas A, Michalopoulos I and Zoumpourlis V: Progression of mouse skin carcinogenesis is associated with the orchestrated deregulation of miR-200 family members, miR-205 and their common targets. Mol Carcinog. Aug 27–2015.Epub ahead of print. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

91 

Chen T: The role of MicroRNA in chemical carcinogenesis. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 28:89–124. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

92 

Corsini LR, Bronte G, Terrasi M, Amodeo V, Fanale D, Fiorentino E, Cicero G, Bazan V and Russo A: The role of microRNAs in cancer: diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and targets of therapies. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 16(Suppl 2): s103–s109. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

93 

Pogribny IP, Beland FA and Rusyn I: The role of microRNAs in the development and progression of chemical-associated cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Nov 24–2015.Epub ahead of print. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

94 

Shen J, Abel EL, Riggs PK, Repass J, Hensley SC, Schroeder LJ, Temple A, Chau A, McClellan SA, Rho O, et al: Proteomic and pathway analyses reveal a network of inflammatory genes associated with differences in skin tumor promotion susceptibility in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice. Carcinogenesis. 33:2208–2219. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

95 

Hemler ME: Tetraspanin functions and associated micro-domains. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 6:801–811. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

96 

Li Q, Yang XH, Xu F, Sharma C, Wang HX, Knoblich K, Rabinovitz I, Granter SR and Hemler ME: Tetraspanin CD151 plays a key role in skin squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 32:1772–1783. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

97 

Hara T, Matsumura S, Hakuno F, Takahashi S and Chida K: PKCα suppresses 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced skin tumor formation. Anticancer Res. 32:3097–3101. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

98 

Suganuma M, Okabe S, Kurusu M, Iida N, Ohshima S, Saeki Y, Kishimoto T and Fujiki H: Discrete roles of cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 in tumor promotion and cell transformation. Int J Oncol. 20:131–136. 2002.

99 

Matei C, Tampa M, Ion RM, Georgescu SR, Dumitrascu GR, Constantin C and Neagu M: Protein microarray for complex apoptosis monitoring of dysplastic oral keratinocytes in experimental photodynamic therapy. Biol Res. 47(33)2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

100 

Tanase CP, Albulescu R and Neagu M: Application of 3D hydrogel microarrays in molecular diagnostics: Advantages and limitations. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 11:461–464. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

101 

Kangsamaksin T, Park HJ, Trempus CS and Morris RJ: A perspective on murine keratinocyte stem cells as targets of chemically induced skin cancer. Mol Carcinog. 46:579–584. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

102 

Trempus CS, Morris RJ, Ehinger M, Elmore A, Bortner CD, Ito M, Cotsarelis G, Nijhof JG, Peckham J, Flagler N, et al: CD34 expression by hair follicle stem cells is required for skin tumor development in mice. Cancer Res. 67:4173–4181. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

103 

Klein EA: Can prostate cancer be prevented? Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2:24–31. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

104 

Sagawa Y, Futakuchi M, Xu J, Fukamachi K, Sakai Y, Ikarashi Y, Nishimura T, Suzui M, Tsuda H and Morita A: Lack of promoting effect of titanium dioxide particles on chemically-induced skin carcinogenesis in rats and mice. J Toxicol Sci. 37:317–327. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

105 

Bhatia A, Singh B, Raza K, Shukla A, Amarji B and Katare OP: Tamoxifen-loaded novel liposomal formulations: Evaluation of anticancer activity on DMBA-TPA induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. J Drug Target. 20:544–550. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

106 

Enoki T, Tominaga T, Takashima F, Ohnogi H, Sagawa H and Kato I: Anti-tumor-promoting activities of agaro-oligosac-charides on two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis. Biol Pharm Bull. 35:1145–1149. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

107 

Kowalczyk MC, Spears E, Narog M, Zoltaszek R, Kowalczyk P, Hanausek M, Yoshimi N, Slaga TJ and Walaszek Z: Modulation of biomarkers related to tumor initiation and promotion in mouse skin by a natural β-glucuronidase inhibitor and its precursors. Oncol Rep. 26:551–556. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

108 

Meghea A, Murariu A, Tanase C and Codorean E: Heavy metals contamination of commercial fish foodstuff - potential health risks on human consumers. Environ Eng Manag J. 8:233–236. 2009.

109 

Kundu JK, Shin YK and Surh YJ: Resveratrol modulates phorbol ester-induced pro-inflammatory signal transduction pathways in mouse skin in vivo: NF-kappaB and AP-1 as prime targets. Biochem Pharmacol. 72:1506–1515. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

110 

Kleiner HE, Vulimiri SV, Starost MF, Reed MJ and DiGiovanni J: Oral administration of the citrus coumarin, isopimpinellin, blocks DNA adduct formation and skin tumor initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in SENCAR mice. Carcinogenesis. 23:1667–1675. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

111 

Singh RP, Tyagi AK, Zhao J and Agarwal R: Silymarin inhibits growth and causes regression of established skin tumors in SENCAR mice via modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and induction of apoptosis. Carcinogenesis. 23:499–510. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

112 

Dao V, Pandeswara S, Liu Y, Hurez V, Dodds S, Callaway D, Liu A, Hasty P, Sharp ZD and Curiel TJ: Prevention of carcinogen and inflammation-induced dermal cancer by oral rapamycin includes reducing genetic damage. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 8:400–409. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

113 

Pinheiro KS, Ribeiro DR, Alves AV, Pereira-Filho RN, Oliveira CR, Lima SO, Reis FP, Cardoso JC and Albuquerque-Júnior RL: Modulatory activity of Brazilian red propolis on chemically induced dermal carcinogenesis. Acta Cir Bras. 29:111–117. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

114 

Manoharan S and Selvan MV: Chemopreventive potential of geraniol in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. J Environ Biol. 33:255–260. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

115 

Sharmila R and Manoharan S: Anti-tumor activity of rosmarinic acid in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Indian J Exp Biol. 50:187–194. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

116 

Man'cheva TA, Demidov DV, Plotnikova NA, Kharitonova TV, Pashkevich IV and Anisimov VN: Melatonin and metformin inhibit skin carcinogenesis and lipid peroxidation induced by benz(a)pyrene in female mice. Bull Exp Biol Med. 151:363–365. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

117 

Hu G, Zhang L, Rong Y, Ni X and Sun Y: Downstream carcinogenesis signaling pathways by green tea polyphenols: A translational perspective of chemoprevention and treatment for cancers. Curr Drug Metab. 15:14–22. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

118 

Birt DF, Pinch HJ, Barnett T, Phan A and Dimitroff K: Inhibition of skin tumor promotion by restriction of fat and carbohydrate calories in SENCAR mice. Cancer Res. 53:27–31. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

119 

Moore T, Beltran L, Carbajal S, Strom S, Traag J, Hursting SD and DiGiovanni J: Dietary energy balance modulates signaling through the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways in multiple epithelial tissues. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 1:65–76. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

120 

Stewart JW, Koehler K, Jackson W, Hawley J, Wang W, Au A, Myers R and Birt DF: Prevention of mouse skin tumor promotion by dietary energy restriction requires an intact adrenal gland and glucocorticoid supplementation restores inhibition. Carcinogenesis. 26:1077–1084. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

121 

Katiyar SK: Silymarin and skin cancer prevention: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects (Review). Int J oncol. 26:169–176. 2005.

122 

Vaid M and Katiyar SK: Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of photocarcinogenesis by silymarin, a phytochemical from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) (Review). Int J Oncol. 36:1053–1060. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

123 

Deep G and Agarwal R: Chemopreventive efficacy of silymarin in skin and prostate cancer. Integr Cancer Ther. 6:130–145. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

124 

Benjamin CL and Ananthaswamy HN: p53 and the pathogenesis of skin cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 224:241–248. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

125 

Kiaris H and Spandidos DA: Mutations of ras genes in human tumors (review). Int J Oncol. 7:413–421. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

126 

Hennings H, Spangler EF, Shores R, Mitchell P, Devor D, Shamsuddin AK, Elgjo KM and Yuspa SH: Malignant conversion and metastasis of mouse skin tumors: A comparison of SENCAR and CD-1 mice. Environ Health Perspect. 68:69–74. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

127 

Liu J, Mansouri K, Judson RS, Martin MT, Hong H, Chen M, Xu X, Thomas RS and Shah I: Predicting hepatotoxicity using ToxCast in vitro bioactivity and chemical structure. Chem Res Toxicol. 28:738–751. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

128 

Bulman A, Neagu M and Constantin C: Immunomics in Skin Cancer - Improvement in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Monitoring. Curr Proteomics. 10:202–217. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

129 

Spandidos DA: A unified theory for the development of cancer. Biosci Rep. 6:691–708. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Neagu M, Caruntu C, Constantin C, Boda D, Zurac S, Spandidos DA and Tsatsakis AM: Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis: Updates in experimental models (Review). Oncol Rep 35: 2516-2528, 2016.
APA
Neagu, M., Caruntu, C., Constantin, C., Boda, D., Zurac, S., Spandidos, D.A., & Tsatsakis, A.M. (2016). Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis: Updates in experimental models (Review). Oncology Reports, 35, 2516-2528. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4683
MLA
Neagu, M., Caruntu, C., Constantin, C., Boda, D., Zurac, S., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A. M."Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis: Updates in experimental models (Review)". Oncology Reports 35.5 (2016): 2516-2528.
Chicago
Neagu, M., Caruntu, C., Constantin, C., Boda, D., Zurac, S., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A. M."Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis: Updates in experimental models (Review)". Oncology Reports 35, no. 5 (2016): 2516-2528. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4683
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Neagu M, Caruntu C, Constantin C, Boda D, Zurac S, Spandidos DA and Tsatsakis AM: Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis: Updates in experimental models (Review). Oncol Rep 35: 2516-2528, 2016.
APA
Neagu, M., Caruntu, C., Constantin, C., Boda, D., Zurac, S., Spandidos, D.A., & Tsatsakis, A.M. (2016). Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis: Updates in experimental models (Review). Oncology Reports, 35, 2516-2528. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4683
MLA
Neagu, M., Caruntu, C., Constantin, C., Boda, D., Zurac, S., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A. M."Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis: Updates in experimental models (Review)". Oncology Reports 35.5 (2016): 2516-2528.
Chicago
Neagu, M., Caruntu, C., Constantin, C., Boda, D., Zurac, S., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A. M."Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis: Updates in experimental models (Review)". Oncology Reports 35, no. 5 (2016): 2516-2528. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4683
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team