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Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Pinghua Tu
    • Qiu Huang
    • Yunsheng Ou
    • Xing Du
    • Kaiting Li
    • Yong Tao
    • Hang Yin
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Tu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3209-3215
    |
    Published online on: March 24, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4703
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Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect and mechanisms of aloe‑emodin (AE)-mediated photodynamic therapy (AE-PDT) on the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. After treatment with AE-PDT, the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 was tested for levels of viability, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis and changes in cell morphology with the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK‑8), monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and Hoechst staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of proteins including LC-3, cleaved caspase-3, Beclin-1, Bcl-2, p-JNK, t-JNK and β-actin was examined with western blotting. AE-PDT significantly inhibited the viability of the MG-63 cells in an AE-concentration- and PDT energy density-dependent manner. Autophagy and apoptosis of MG-63 cells was substantially promoted in the AE-PDT group compared to the control group, the AE alone group and the light emitting diode (LED) alone group. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (5 mM) and chloroquine (CQ) (15 µM) significantly promoted the apoptosis rate and improved the sensitivity of the MG-63 cells to AE-PDT. AE-PDT was found to induce the expression of ROS and p-JNK. ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, 5 mM), was able to hinder the autophagy, apoptosis and phosphorylation of JNK, and JNK inhibitor (SP600125, 10 µM) significantly inhibited the autophagy and apoptosis, and attenuated the sensitivity of MG63 cells to AE-PDT. In conclusion, AE-PDT induced the autophagy and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 through the activation of the ROS-JNK signaling pathway. Autophagy may play a protective role during the early stage following treatment of AE-PDT.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tu P, Huang Q, Ou Y, Du X, Li K, Tao Y and Yin H: Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 35: 3209-3215, 2016.
APA
Tu, P., Huang, Q., Ou, Y., Du, X., Li, K., Tao, Y., & Yin, H. (2016). Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. Oncology Reports, 35, 3209-3215. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4703
MLA
Tu, P., Huang, Q., Ou, Y., Du, X., Li, K., Tao, Y., Yin, H."Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 35.6 (2016): 3209-3215.
Chicago
Tu, P., Huang, Q., Ou, Y., Du, X., Li, K., Tao, Y., Yin, H."Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 35, no. 6 (2016): 3209-3215. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4703
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tu P, Huang Q, Ou Y, Du X, Li K, Tao Y and Yin H: Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 35: 3209-3215, 2016.
APA
Tu, P., Huang, Q., Ou, Y., Du, X., Li, K., Tao, Y., & Yin, H. (2016). Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. Oncology Reports, 35, 3209-3215. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4703
MLA
Tu, P., Huang, Q., Ou, Y., Du, X., Li, K., Tao, Y., Yin, H."Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 35.6 (2016): 3209-3215.
Chicago
Tu, P., Huang, Q., Ou, Y., Du, X., Li, K., Tao, Y., Yin, H."Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 35, no. 6 (2016): 3209-3215. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4703
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