Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
July-2016 Volume 36 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2016 Volume 36 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of KG-1a cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Yi Chen
    • Ze-Hong Liu
    • Jing Xia
    • Xiao-Peng Li
    • Ke‑Qiong Li
    • Wei Xiong
    • Jing Li
    • Di-Long Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China, Department of Human Anatomy, Chongqing Medical and Health School, Chongqing 408000, P.R. China
  • Pages: 137-146
    |
    Published online on: April 27, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4774
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Previous research has shown that total saponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG) and other ginsenoside monomers inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cells. However, the effect has not been compared among them. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and ultra-structural characteristics were observed under transmission electron microscopy. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Real-time fluorescence quantitative‑PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression of β-catenin, TCF4, cyclin D1 and NF-κBp65. β-catenin/TCF4 target gene transcription were observed by ChIP-PCR assay. We found that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 [(S)Rh2] inhibited the proliferation of KG-1a cells more efficiently than the other monomers. Moreover, (S)Rh2 arrested KG-1a cells in the G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis. In addition, the levels of β-catenin, TCF4, cyclin D1 mRNA and protein were decreased. The ChIP-PCR showed that (S)Rh2 downregulated the transcription of β-catenin/TCF4 target genes, such as cyclin D1 and c-myc. These results indicated that (S)Rh2 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, demonstrating its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for leukemia therapy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Pui C-H, Robison LL and Look AT: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet. 371:1030–1043. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Jia WD, Sun HC, Zhang JB, Xu Y, Qian YB, Pang JZ, Wang L, Qin LX, Liu YK and Tang ZY: A novel peptide that selectively binds highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell surface is related to invasion and metastasis. Cancer Lett. 247:234–242. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Wang S, Wu X, Tan M, Gong J, Tan W, Bian B, Chen M and Wang Y: Fighting fire with fire: poisonous Chinese herbal medicine for cancer therapy. J Ethnopharmacol. 140:33–45. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Kitaoka F, Kakiuchi N, Long C, Itoga M, Mitsue A, Mouri C and Mikage M: Molecular characterization of akebia plants and the derived traditional herbal medicine. Biol Pharm Bull. 32:665–670. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Xia T, Wang JC, Xu W, Xu LH, Lao CH, Ye QX and Fang JP: 20S-ginsenoside Rh2 induces apoptosis in human leukaemia Reh cells through mitochondrial signaling pathways. Biol Pharm Bull. 37:248–254. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Toh DF, Patel DN, Chan EC, Teo A, Neo SY and Koh HL: Anti-proliferative effects of raw and steamed extracts of Panax notoginseng and its ginsenoside constituents on human liver cancer cells. Chin Med. 6:42011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Shergis JL, Zhang AL, Zhou W and Xue CC: Panax ginseng in randomised controlled trials: a systematic review. Phytother Res. 27:949–965. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Lee HS, Kim MR, Park Y, Park HJ, Chang UJ, Kim SY and Suh HJ: Fermenting red ginseng enhances its safety and efficacy as a novel skin care anti-aging ingredient: in vitro and animal study. J Med Food. 15:1015–1023. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Wang JWLR, Wang YP, et al: The role of total saponins of panax ginseng in vitro induced CD34 hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell proliferation. Chin J Anat. 29:430–432. 2006.

10 

Zhang C, Yu H and Hou J: Effects of 20 (S) -ginsenoside Rh2 and 20 (R)-ginsenoside Rh2 on proliferation and apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 36:1670–1674. 2011.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

11 

Shi Q, Li J, Feng Z, Zhao L, Luo L, You Z, Li D, Xia J, Zuo G and Chen D: Effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on the migratory ability of HepG2 liver carcinoma cells: recruiting histone deacetylase and inhibiting activator protein 1 transcription factors. Mol Med Rep. 10:1779–1785. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Guo XX, Li Y, Sun C, Jiang D, Lin YJ, Jin FX, Lee SK and Jin YH: p53-dependent Fas expression is critical for ginsenoside Rh2 triggered caspase-8 activation in HeLa cells. Protein Cell. 5:224–234. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Yang JH, Han SJ, Ryu JH, Jang IS and Kim DH: Ginsenoside Rh2 ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning deficit in mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 32:1710–1715. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Bae EA, Han MJ, Shin YW and Kim DH: Inhibitory effects of Korean red ginseng and its genuine constituents ginsenosides Rg3, Rf, and Rh2 in mouse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and contact dermatitis models. Biol Pharm Bull. 29:1862–1867. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Nam MH, Kim SI, Liu JR, Yang DC, Lim YP, Kwon KH, Yoo JS and Park YM: Proteomic analysis of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 815:147–155. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Kitts DD, Popovich DG and Hu C: Characterizing the mechanism for ginsenoside-induced cytotoxicity in cultured leukemia (THP-1) cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 85:1173–1183. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Dunn IF and Black PM: The neurosurgeon as local oncologist: cellular and molecular neurosurgery in malignant glioma therapy. Neurosurgery. 52:1411–1422. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Wu N, Wu GC, Hu R, Li M and Feng H: Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits glioma cell proliferation by targeting microRNA-128. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 32:345–353. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Qu X, Qu S, Yu X, Xu H, Chen Y, Ma X and Sui D: Pseudo-G-Rh2 induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 26:1441–1446. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kim MJ, Yun H, Kim DH, Kang I, Choe W, Kim SS and Ha J: AMP-activated protein kinase determines apoptotic sensitivity of cancer cells to ginsenoside-Rh2. J Ginseng Res. 38:16–21. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Cadigan KM and Nusse R: Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development. Genes Dev. 11:3286–3305. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Neppl RL and Wang DZ: The myriad essential roles of microRNAs in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease. Genes Dis. 1:18–39. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Polakis P: Drugging Wnt signalling in cancer. EMBO J. 31:2737–2746. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Lu D, Zhao Y, Tawatao R, Cottam HB, Sen M, Leoni LM, Kipps TJ, Corr M and Carson DA: Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:3118–3123. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Lu D, Liu JX, Endo T, Zhou H, Yao S, Willert K, Schmidt-Wolf IG, Kipps TJ and Carson DA: Ethacrynic acid exhibits selective toxicity to chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by inhibition of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. PLoS One. 4:e82942009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Wang W, Wang H, Rayburn ER, Zhao Y, Hill DL and Zhang R: 20(S)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3beta, 12beta, 20-triol, a novel natural product for prostate cancer therapy: activity in vitro and in vivo and mechanisms of action. Br J Cancer. 98:792–802. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Nag SA, Qin JJ, Wang W, Wang MH, Wang H and Zhang R: Ginsenosides as anticancer agents: in vitro and in vivo activities, structure-activity relationships, and molecular mechanisms of action. Front Pharmacol. 3:252012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Takahashi-Yanaga F and Sasaguri T: The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway as a target in drug discovery. J Pharmacol Sci. 104:293–302. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Mai YJ, Qiu LG, Li ZJ, Yu Z, Li CH, Wang YF, Wang GR and Li Q: The expression of beta-catenin and its significance in leukemia cells. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 28:541–544. 2007.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

30 

Saldanha G, Ghura V, Potter L and Fletcher A: Nuclear beta-catenin in basal cell carcinoma correlates with increased proliferation. Br J Dermatol. 151:157–164. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Minke KS, Staib P, Puetter A, Gehrke I, Gandhirajan RK, Schlösser A, Schmitt EK, Hallek M and Kreuzer KA: Small molecule inhibitors of WNT signaling effectively induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Eur J Haematol. 82:165–175. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

in't Hout FE, van der Reijden BA, Monteferrario D, Jansen JH and Huls G: High expression of transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is an independent adverse prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia that could guide treatment decisions. Haematologica. 99:e257–e259. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Chang HR, Cheng TL, Liu TZ, Hu HS, Hsu LS, Tseng WC, Chen CH and Tsao DA: Genetic and cellular characterizations of human TCF4 with microsatellite instability in colon cancer and leukemia cell lines. Cancer Lett. 233:165–171. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Tian W, Xu Y, Han X, Duggineni S, Han X, Huang Z and An J: Development of a novel fluorescence polarization-based assay for studying the β-catenin/Tcf4 interaction. J Biomol Screen. 17:530–534. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Cadigan KM: Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. Curr Biol. 18:R943–R947. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Lento W, Congdon K, Voermans C, Kritzik M and Reya T: Wnt signaling in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 5:pii: a008011. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Dai WB, Ren ZP, Chen WL, Du J, Shi Z and Tang DY: Expression and significance of APC, beta-catenin, C-myc, and cyclin D1 proteins in colorectal carcinoma. Ai Zheng. 26:963–6. 2007.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

38 

Baek SH, Kioussi C, Briata P, Wang D, Nguyen HD, Ohgi KA, Glass CK, Wynshaw-Boris A, Rose DW and Rosenfeld MG: Regulated subset of G1 growth-control genes in response to derepression by the Wnt pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:3245–3250. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

He TC, Sparks AB, Rago C, Hermeking H, Zawel L, da Costa LT, Morin PJ, Vogelstein B and Kinzler KW: Identification of c-MYC as a target of the APC pathway. Science. 281:1509–1512. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Gandhirajan RK, Poll-Wolbeck SJ, Gehrke I and Kreuzer KA: Wnt/β-catenin/LEF-1 signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): a target for current and potential therapeutic options. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 10:716–727. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Tung JN, Chiang CC, Tsai YY, Chou YY, Yeh KT, Lee H and Cheng YW: CyclinD1 protein expressed in pterygia is associated with β-catenin protein localization. Mol Vis. 16:2733–2738. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Wang YX, Zhang JH and Gu ZW: Beta-catenin and cyclin D1 mRNA levels in newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia and their significance. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 17:304–308. 2009.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

43 

Fabre C, Carvalho G, Tasdemir E, Braun T, Adès L, Grosjean J, Boehrer S, Métivier D, Souquère S, Pierron G, et al: NF-kappaB inhibition sensitizes to starvation-induced cell death in high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene. 26:4071–4083. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Frelin C, Imbert V, Griessinger E, Peyron AC, Rochet N, Philip P, Dageville C, Sirvent A, Hummelsberger M, Bérard E, et al: Targeting NF-kappaB activation via pharmacologic inhibition of IKK2-induced apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Blood. 105:804–811. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Li K, Hu C, Mei C, Ren Z, Vera JC, Zhuang Z, Jin J and Tong H: Sequential combination of decitabine and idarubicin synergistically enhances anti-leukemia effect followed by demethylating Wnt pathway inhibitor promoters and downregulating Wnt pathway nuclear target. J Transl Med. 12:1672014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Chun KS and Surh YJ: Signal transduction pathways regulating cyclooxygenase-2 expression: potential molecular targets for chemoprevention. Biochem Pharmacol. 68:1089–1100. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Yeh CT1, Yao CJ, Yan JL, Chuang SE, Lee LM, Chen CM, Yeh CF, Li CH and Lai GM: Apoptotic cell death and inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in human colon cancer cells by an active fraction (hs7) from Taiwanofungus camphoratus. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011:7502302011. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen Y, Liu Z, Xia J, Li X, Li KQ, Xiong W, Li J and Chen D: 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of KG-1a cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 36: 137-146, 2016.
APA
Chen, Y., Liu, Z., Xia, J., Li, X., Li, K., Xiong, W. ... Chen, D. (2016). 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of KG-1a cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncology Reports, 36, 137-146. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4774
MLA
Chen, Y., Liu, Z., Xia, J., Li, X., Li, K., Xiong, W., Li, J., Chen, D."20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of KG-1a cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 36.1 (2016): 137-146.
Chicago
Chen, Y., Liu, Z., Xia, J., Li, X., Li, K., Xiong, W., Li, J., Chen, D."20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of KG-1a cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 36, no. 1 (2016): 137-146. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4774
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen Y, Liu Z, Xia J, Li X, Li KQ, Xiong W, Li J and Chen D: 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of KG-1a cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 36: 137-146, 2016.
APA
Chen, Y., Liu, Z., Xia, J., Li, X., Li, K., Xiong, W. ... Chen, D. (2016). 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of KG-1a cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncology Reports, 36, 137-146. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4774
MLA
Chen, Y., Liu, Z., Xia, J., Li, X., Li, K., Xiong, W., Li, J., Chen, D."20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of KG-1a cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 36.1 (2016): 137-146.
Chicago
Chen, Y., Liu, Z., Xia, J., Li, X., Li, K., Xiong, W., Li, J., Chen, D."20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of KG-1a cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway". Oncology Reports 36, no. 1 (2016): 137-146. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4774
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team