Usefulness of a fluorescence visualization system for the detection of oral precancerous and early cancerous lesions

Ohnishi,Yuichi; Fujii,Tomoko; Ugaki,Yoshihide; Yasui,Hiroki; Watanabe,Masahiro; Dateoka,Suguru; Kakudo,Kenji

doi:10.3892/or.2016.4776

Usefulness of a fluorescence visualization system for the detection of oral precancerous and early cancerous lesions

Authors:
- Yuichi Ohnishi
- Tomoko Fujii
- Yoshihide Ugaki
- Hiroki Yasui
- Masahiro Watanabe
- Suguru Dateoka
- Kenji Kakudo
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Affiliations: Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan, Department of Dentistry for Disability and Oral Health, Osaka Dental University Hospital, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
Published online on: April 28, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4776
Pages: 514-520

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Abstract

Early detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions could greatly reduce both the mortality and morbidity of oral cancer. The objective of this study was to analyze a fluorescence visualization (FV) system for the detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions in rat tongue carcinogenesis and human oral cancerous lesions using for the first time a 4NQO rat model and human tissue. Based on the results from the rat tongue carcinogenesis model, under direct FV, the normal oral mucosa emitted various shades of pale green autofluorescence. In the precancerous and early cancerous cases, the lesion appeared as an irregular dark area. Histological examination of the lesions showed that the VELscope system had a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100% in discriminating normal mucosa from dysplasia/carcinoma in situ (CIS) or invasive carcinoma. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein level was gradually increased with progression of carcinogenic transformation. Furthermore, the results of PCNA and FV loss (FVL) were correlated. Next, results from 17 patients were also presented. Histological examination of the lesions showed that the VELscope system had a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100% in discriminating normal mucosa from severe dysplasia/CIS or invasive carcinoma. There were no normal epithelium cells in any of the FVL regions. Furthermore, to clarify the usefulness of FV compared to vital staining with iodine, we investigated the surgical margins of early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and compared the FVL and iodine unstained area (IU). The percentage of various types of dysplasia were almost equal when comparing the FVL and IU. These results suggest that this direct FV device has the potential for simple, cost-effective screening, detection and margin determination of oral precancerous and early cancerous lesions.

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