Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
July-2016 Volume 36 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2016 Volume 36 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Quercetin induces caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptosis through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Hye-Sook Seo
    • Jin Mo Ku
    • Han-Seok Choi
    • Youn Kyung Choi
    • Jong-Kyu Woo
    • Minsoo Kim
    • Ilhwan Kim
    • Chang Hyeok Na
    • Hansol Hur
    • Bo‑Hyoung Jang
    • Yong Cheol Shin
    • Seong-Gyu Ko
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics and Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea, Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea, Department of Applied Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Seo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 31-42
    |
    Published online on: May 5, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4786
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Flavonoids are assumed to exert beneficial effects in different types of cancers at high concentrations. Yet, their molecular mechanisms of action remain unknown. The present study aimed to examine the effect of quercetin on proliferation and apoptosis in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effects of quercetin were examined by proliferation, MTT and clonogenic survival assays. The effect of quercetin on expression of apoptotic molecules was determined by western blotting. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to measure signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcriptional activity. ELISA assay was performed to measure intracellular MMP-9 levels. Immunocytochemistry was performed to evaluate the nuclear STAT3 level. The results revealed that quercetin inhibited the proliferation of BT-474 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Quercetin also inhibited clonogenic survival (anchorage-dependent and -independent) of BT-474 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These growth inhibitions were accompanied with an increase in sub-G0/G1 apoptotic populations. Quercetin induced caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptosis upregulating the levels of cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-3, and inducing the cleavage of poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP). In contrast, quercetin did not induce apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway since this compound did not decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential and did not affect the levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX). Quercetin reduced the expression of phospho-JAK1 and phospho-STAT3 and decreased STAT3-dependent luciferase reporter gene activity in the BT-474 cells. Quercetin inhibited MMP-9 secretion and decreased the nuclear translocation of STAT3. Our study indicates that quercetin induces apoptosis at concentrations >20 µM through inhibition of STAT3 signaling and could serve as a useful compound to prevent or treat HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Walters DG, Young PJ, Agus C, Knize MG, Boobis AR, Gooderham NJ and Lake BG: Cruciferous vegetable consumption alters the metabolism of the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in humans. Carcinogenesis. 25:1659–1669. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Igura K, Ohta T, Kuroda Y and Kaji K: Resveratrol and quercetin inhibit angiogenesis in vitro. Cancer Lett. 171:11–16. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Hertog MG and Hollman PC: Potential health effects of the dietary flavonol quercetin. Eur J Clin Nutr. 50:63–71. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Coskun O, Kanter M, Korkmaz A and Oter S: Quercetin, a flavonoid antioxidant, prevents and protects streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and beta-cell damage in rat pancreas. Pharmacol Res. 51:117–123. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Boots AW, Wilms LC, Swennen EL, Kleinjans JC, Bast A and Haenen GR: In vitro and ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity of quercetin in healthy volunteers. Nutrition. 24:703–710. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Geetha T, Malhotra V, Chopra K and Kaur IP: Antimutagenic and antioxidant/prooxidant activity of quercetin. Indian J Exp Biol. 43:61–67. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Sudan S and Rupasinghe HP: Quercetin-3-O-glucoside induces human DNA topoisomerase II inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 34:1691–1699. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Danihelová M, Veverka M, Sturdík E and Jantová S: Antioxidant action and cytotoxicity on HeLa and NIH-3T3 cells of new quercetin derivatives. Interdiscip Toxicol. 6:209–216. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Deng XH, Song HY, Zhou YF, Yuan GY and Zheng FJ: Effects of quercetin on the proliferation of breast cancer cells and expression of survivin in vitro. Exp Ther Med. 6:1155–1158. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

10 

van Erk MJ, Roepman P, van der Lende TR, Stierum RH, Aarts JM, van Bladeren PJ and van Ommen B: Integrated assessment by multiple gene expression analysis of quercetin bioactivity on anticancer-related mechanisms in colon cancer cells in vitro. Eur J Nutr. 44:143–156. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Murtaza I, Marra G, Schlapbach R, Patrignani A, Künzli M, Wagner U, Sabates J and Dutt A: A preliminary investigation demonstrating the effect of quercetin on the expression of genes related to cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis and xenobiotic metabolism in human CO115 colon-adenocarcinoma cells using DNA microarray. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 45:29–36. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Verma AK, Johnson JA, Gould MN and Tanner MA: Inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- and N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary cancer by dietary flavonol quercetin. Cancer Res. 48:5754–5758. 1988.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Elmore S: Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death. Toxicol Pathol. 35:495–516. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Fan TJ, Han LH, Cong RS and Liang J: Caspase family proteases and apoptosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 37:719–727. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Bosch M, Poulter NS, Vatovec S and Franklin-Tong VE: Initiation of programmed cell death in self-incompatibility: Role for cytoskeleton modifications and several caspase-like activities. Mol Plant. 1:879–887. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Zhang A, Wu Y, Lai HWL and Yew DT: Apoptosis - a brief review. Neuroembryology. 3:47–59. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Waring P and Müllbacher A: Cell death induced by the Fas/Fas ligand pathway and its role in pathology. Immunol Cell Biol. 77:312–317. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Gupta S: Molecular signaling in death receptor and mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis (Review). Int J Oncol. 22:15–20. 2003.

19 

Green DR and Reed JC: Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science. 281:1309–1312. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Boulares AH, Yakovlev AG, Ivanova V, Stoica BA, Wang G, Iyer S and Smulson M: Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in apoptosis. Caspase 3-resistant PARP mutant increases rates of apoptosis in transfected cells. J Biol Chem. 274:22932–22940. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Wilson CA, Cajulis EE, Green JL, Olsen TM, Chung YA, Damore MA, Dering J, Calzone FJ and Slamon DJ: HER-2 overexpression differentially alters transforming growth factor-beta responses in luminal versus mesenchymal human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res. 7:R1058–R1079. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Joshi JP, Brown NE, Griner SE and Nahta R: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)-mediated HER2 phosphorylation reduces trastuzumab sensitivity of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 82:1090–1099. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Favoni RE, Daga A, Malatesta P and Florio T: Preclinical studies identify novel targeted pharmacological strategies for treatment of human malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Pharmacol. 166:532–553. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Tokunaga E, Oki E, Nishida K, Koga T, Egashira A, Morita M, Kakeji Y and Maehara Y: Trastuzumab and breast cancer: Developments and current status. Int J Clin Oncol. 11:199–208. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Dean-Colomb W and Esteva FJ: Her2-positive breast cancer: Herceptin and beyond. Eur J Cancer. 44:2806–2812. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Seo HS, Choi HS, Choi HS, Choi YK, Um JY, Choi I, Shin YC and Ko SG: Phytoestrogens induce apoptosis via extrinsic pathway, inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB signaling in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 31:3301–3313. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Seo HS, Choi HS, Kim SR, Choi YK, Woo SM, Shin I, Woo JK, Park SY, Shin YC and Ko SG: Apigenin induces apoptosis via extrinsic pathway, inducing p53 and inhibiting STAT3 and NFκB signaling in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 366:319–334. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Jung JE, Lee HG, Cho IH, Chung DH, Yoon SH, Yang YM, Lee JW, Choi S, Park JW, Ye SK, et al: STAT3 is a potential modulator of HIF-1-mediated VEGF expression in human renal carcinoma cells. FASEB J. 19:1296–1298. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Earnshaw WC, Martins LM and Kaufmann SH: Mammalian caspases: Structure, activation, substrates, and functions during apoptosis. Annu Rev Biochem. 68:383–424. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Kuo PC, Liu HF and Chao JI: Survivin and p53 modulate quercetin-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem. 279:55875–55885. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Schuler M and Green DR: Mechanisms of p53-dependent apoptosis. Biochem Soc Trans. 29:684–688. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Shen Y and White E: p53-dependent apoptosis pathways. Adv Cancer Res. 82:55–84. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

de la Iglesia N, Konopka G, Puram SV, Chan JA, Bachoo RM, You MJ, Levy DE, Depinho RA and Bonni A: Identification of a PTEN-regulated STAT3 brain tumor suppressor pathway. Genes Dev. 22:449–462. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Lewis HD, Winter A, Murphy TF, Tripathi S, Pandey VN and Barton BE: STAT3 inhibition in prostate and pancreatic cancer lines by STAT3 binding sequence oligonucleotides: Differential activity between 5′ and 3′ ends. Mol Cancer Ther. 7:1543–1550. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Kortylewski M, Jove R and Yu H: Targeting STAT3 affects melanoma on multiple fronts. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 24:315–327. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Niu G, Bowman T, Huang M, Shivers S, Reintgen D, Daud A, Chang A, Kraker A, Jove R and Yu H: Roles of activated Src and Stat3 signaling in melanoma tumor cell growth. Oncogene. 21:7001–7010. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Xie TX, Huang FJ, Aldape KD, Kang SH, Liu M, Gershenwald JE, Xie K, Sawaya R and Huang S: Activation of stat3 in human melanoma promotes brain metastasis. Cancer Res. 66:3188–3196. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Sellers LA, Feniuk W, Humphrey PP and Lauder H: Activated G protein-coupled receptor induces tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and agonist-selective serine phosphorylation via sustained stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Resultant effects on cell proliferation. J Biol Chem. 274:16423–16430. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Zhang Y, Turkson J, Carter-Su C, Smithgall T, Levitzki A, Kraker A, Krolewski JJ, Medveczky P and Jove R: Activation of Stat3 in v-Src-transformed fibroblasts requires cooperation of Jak1 kinase activity. J Biol Chem. 275:24935–24944. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Kotha A, Sekharam M, Cilenti L, Siddiquee K, Khaled A, Zervos AS, Carter B, Turkson J and Jove R: Resveratrol inhibits Src and Stat3 signaling and induces the apoptosis of malignant cells containing activated Stat3 protein. Mol Cancer Ther. 5:621–629. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Niu G, Wright KL, Huang M, Song L, Haura E, Turkson J, Zhang S, Wang T, Sinibaldi D, Coppola D, et al: Constitutive Stat3 activity up-regulates VEGF expression and tumor angiogenesis. Oncogene. 21:2000–2008. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Forsythe JA, Jiang BH, Iyer NV, Agani F, Leung SW, Koos RD and Semenza GL: Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Mol Cell Biol. 16:4604–4613. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Tolaney SM and Krop IE: Mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 9:348–355. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Buzdar AU: Role of biologic therapy and chemotherapy in hormone receptor- and HER2-positive breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 20:993–999. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Seo H, Ku JM, Choi H, Choi YK, Woo J, Kim M, Kim I, Na CH, Hur H, Jang BH, Jang BH, et al: Quercetin induces caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptosis through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 36: 31-42, 2016.
APA
Seo, H., Ku, J.M., Choi, H., Choi, Y.K., Woo, J., Kim, M. ... Ko, S. (2016). Quercetin induces caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptosis through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 36, 31-42. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4786
MLA
Seo, H., Ku, J. M., Choi, H., Choi, Y. K., Woo, J., Kim, M., Kim, I., Na, C. H., Hur, H., Jang, B., Shin, Y. C., Ko, S."Quercetin induces caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptosis through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36.1 (2016): 31-42.
Chicago
Seo, H., Ku, J. M., Choi, H., Choi, Y. K., Woo, J., Kim, M., Kim, I., Na, C. H., Hur, H., Jang, B., Shin, Y. C., Ko, S."Quercetin induces caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptosis through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36, no. 1 (2016): 31-42. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4786
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Seo H, Ku JM, Choi H, Choi YK, Woo J, Kim M, Kim I, Na CH, Hur H, Jang BH, Jang BH, et al: Quercetin induces caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptosis through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 36: 31-42, 2016.
APA
Seo, H., Ku, J.M., Choi, H., Choi, Y.K., Woo, J., Kim, M. ... Ko, S. (2016). Quercetin induces caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptosis through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 36, 31-42. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4786
MLA
Seo, H., Ku, J. M., Choi, H., Choi, Y. K., Woo, J., Kim, M., Kim, I., Na, C. H., Hur, H., Jang, B., Shin, Y. C., Ko, S."Quercetin induces caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptosis through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36.1 (2016): 31-42.
Chicago
Seo, H., Ku, J. M., Choi, H., Choi, Y. K., Woo, J., Kim, M., Kim, I., Na, C. H., Hur, H., Jang, B., Shin, Y. C., Ko, S."Quercetin induces caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptosis through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36, no. 1 (2016): 31-42. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4786
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team