Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
August-2016 Volume 36 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2016 Volume 36 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

The amino acid-rich elemental diet Elental® preserves lean body mass during chemo- or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer

  • Authors:
    • Takeshi Ishikawa
    • Tomoyo Yasuda
    • Toshifumi Doi
    • Tetsuya Okayama
    • Naoyuki Sakamoto
    • Yasuyuki Gen
    • Osamu Dohi
    • Naohisa Yoshida
    • Kazuhiro Kamada
    • Kazuhiko Uchiyama
    • Osamu Handa
    • Tomohisa Takagi
    • Hideyuki Konishi
    • Nobuaki Yagi
    • Satoshi Kokura
    • Yuji Naito
    • Yoshito Itoh
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
  • Pages: 1093-1100
    |
    Published online on: June 15, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4877
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Chemo (chemoradio) therapy can induce oral mucositis and change body composition in patients with esophageal cancer. The impact of the amino acid-rich elemental diet Elental® on oral mucositis and changes in body composition during chemo (chemoradio) therapy is unclear. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the preventive effects of Elental on oral mucositis and sarcopenia progression during chemo (chemoradio) therapy for esophageal cancer. Patients were randomized to receive either azulene oral rinse (Arm 1) or Elental (Arm 2) during the treatment cycle (4 weeks). The incidence of oral mucositis and other adverse events was evaluated weekly. Body composition pre- and post-treatment cycle was measured by bioelectric impedance analysis. Thirty‑three patients (17 azulene and 16 Elental) completed the study, and the groups were well matched. Elental tended to reduce the incidence of oral mucositis (Arm 1, 23.5% and Arm 2, 12.5%), but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The average body mass index (BMI) and body fat mass decreased significantly in both groups after the treatments. Lean body mass (LBM) was reduced in Arm 1, but was increased in Arm 2 after the treatment; the relative change of LBM after the treatment was significant between Arm 1 and Arm 2 (P=0.007). This study revealed that Elental nutrition could counteract sarcopenia development during chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. These properties may lead to improvement of the quality of life and clinical outcome of esophageal cancer patients treated with chemo (chemoradio) therapy (Clinical Trial Registry ID: UMIN 000007960).
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Jones JA, Avritscher EB, Cooksley CD, Michelet M, Bekele BN and Elting LS: Epidemiology of treatment-associated mucosal injury after treatment with newer regimens for lymphoma, breast, lung, or colorectal cancer. Support Care Cancer. 14:505–515. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Elting LS, Cooksley C, Chambers M, Cantor SB, Manzullo E and Rubenstein EB: The burdens of cancer therapy. Clinical and economic outcomes of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Cancer. 98:1531–1539. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Sonis ST, Elting LS, Keefe D, Peterson DE, Schubert M, Hauer-Jensen M, Bekele BN, Raber-Durlacher J, Donnelly JP and Rubenstein EB; Mucositis Study Section of the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer; International Society for Oral Oncology: Perspectives on cancer therapy-induced mucosal injury: Pathogenesis, measurement, epidemiology, and consequences for patients. Cancer. 100(Suppl 9): 1995–2025. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Rubenstein EB, Peterson DE, Schubert M, Keefe D, McGuire D, Epstein J, Elting LS, Fox PC, Cooksley C and Sonis ST; Mucositis Study Section of the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer; International Society for Oral Oncology: Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of cancer therapy-induced oral and gastrointestinal mucositis. Cancer. 100(Suppl 9): 2026–2046. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Nishimura N, Nakano K, Ueda K, Kodaira M, Yamada S, Mishima Y, Yokoyama M, Terui Y, Takahashi S and Hatake K: Prospective evaluation of incidence and severity of oral mucositis induced by conventional chemotherapy in solid tumors and malignant lymphomas. Support Care Cancer. 20:2053–2059. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Hayashi K, Ando N, Watanabe H, Ide H, Nagai K, Aoyama N, Takiyama W, Ishida K, Isono K, Makuuchi H, et al: Phase II evaluation of protracted infusion of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: A Japan Esophageal Oncology Group (JEOG) Trial (JCOG9407). Jpn J Clin Oncol. 31:419–423. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Tanaka Y, Takahashi T, Yamaguchi K, Osada S, Shimokawa T and Yoshida K: Elemental diet plus glutamine for the prevention of mucositis in esophageal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a feasibility study. Support Care Cancer. 24:933–941. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Bozzetti F and Group SW: Screening the nutritional status in oncology: a preliminary report on 1,000 outpatients. Support Care Cancer. 17:279–284. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Norman K, Stobäus N, Zocher D, Bosy-Westphal A, Szramek A, Scheufele R, Smoliner C and Pirlich M: Cutoff percentiles of bioelectrical phase angle predict functionality, quality of life, and mortality in patients with cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 92:612–619. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Martin L, Birdsell L, Macdonald N, Reiman T, Clandinin MT, McCargar LJ, Murphy R, Ghosh S, Sawyer MB and Baracos VE: Cancer cachexia in the age of obesity: Skeletal muscle depletion is a powerful prognostic factor, independent of body mass index. J Clin Oncol. 31:1539–1547. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Sabel MS, Lee J, Cai S, Englesbe MJ, Holcombe S and Wang S: Sarcopenia as a prognostic factor among patients with stage III melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 18:3579–3585. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Antoun S, Lanoy E, Iacovelli R, Albiges-Sauvin L, Loriot Y, Merad-Taoufik M, Fizazi K, di Palma M, Baracos VE and Escudier B: Skeletal muscle density predicts prognosis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with targeted therapies. Cancer. 119:3377–3384. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Iritani S, Imai K, Takai K, Hanai T, Ideta T, Miyazaki T, Suetsugu A, Shiraki M, Shimizu M and Moriwaki H: Skeletal muscle depletion is an independent prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol. 50:323–332. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Barret M, Antoun S, Dalban C, Malka D, Mansourbakht T, Zaanan A, Latko E and Taieb J: Sarcopenia is linked to treatment toxicity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Nutr Cancer. 66:583–589. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Tan BH, Birdsell LA, Martin L, Baracos VE and Fearon KC: Sarcopenia in an overweight or obese patient is an adverse prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 15:6973–6979. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Prado CM, Baracos VE, McCargar LJ, Reiman T, Mourtzakis M, Tonkin K, Mackey JR, Koski S, Pituskin E and Sawyer MB: Sarcopenia as a determinant of chemotherapy toxicity and time to tumor progression in metastatic breast cancer patients receiving capecitabine treatment. Clin Cancer Res. 15:2920–2926. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Prado CM, Lieffers JR, McCargar LJ, Reiman T, Sawyer MB, Martin L and Baracos VE: Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: A population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 9:629–635. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Awad S, Tan BH, Cui H, Bhalla A, Fearon KC, Parsons SL, Catton JA and Lobo DN: Marked changes in body composition following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for oesophagogastric cancer. Clin Nutr. 31:74–77. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Baracos VE, Reiman T, Mourtzakis M, Gioulbasanis I and Antoun S: Body composition in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A contemporary view of cancer cachexia with the use of computed tomography image analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 91:1133S–1137S. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Bower MR and Martin RC II: Nutritional management during neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 100:82–87. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Peterson DE, Jones JB and Petit RG II: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Saforis for prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Cancer. 109:322–331. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Choi K, Lee SS, Oh SJ, Lim SY, Lim SY, Jeon WK, Oh TY and Kim JW: The effect of oral glutamine on 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin-induced mucositis/stomatitis assessed by intestinal permeability test. Clin Nutr. 26:57–62. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Tsujimoto T, Yamamoto Y, Wasa M, Takenaka Y, Nakahara S, Takagi T, Tsugane M, Hayashi N, Maeda K, Inohara H, et al: L-glutamine decreases the severity of mucositis induced by chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Oncol Rep. 33:33–39. 2015.

24 

Wolfe RR: Regulation of muscle protein by amino acids. J Nutr. 132:3219S–3224S. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

25 

de Campos-Ferraz PL, Andrade I, das Neves W, Hangai I, Alves CR and Lancha AH Jr: An overview of amines as nutritional supplements to counteract cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 5:105–110. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Malavolti M, Mussi C, Poli M, Fantuzzi AL, Salvioli G, Battistini N and Bedogni G: Cross-calibration of eight-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of total and appendicular body composition in healthy subjects aged 21–82 years. Ann Hum Biol. 30:380–391. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Bahyah KS, Chou MY, Chen LY, Hsu PS, Krairit O, et al: Sarcopenia in Asia: Consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 15:95–101. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Fukui T, Itoh Y, Orihara M, Yoshizawa K, Takeda H, Kawada S and Yoshioka T: Elental prevented and reduced oral mucositis during chemotherapy in patients esophageal cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 38:2597–2601. 2011.In Japanese. PubMed/NCBI

29 

Ogata Y, Takeuchi M, Ishibashi N, Kibe S, Takahashi K, Uchida S, Murakami N, Yahara T and Shirouzu K: Efficacy of Elental on prevention for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in colorectal cancer patients. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 39:583–587. 2012.In Japanese. PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ogata Y, Ishibashi N, Yamaguchi K, Uchida S, Kamei H, Nakayama G, Hirakawa H, Tanigawa M and Akagi Y: Preventive effects of amino-acid-rich elemental diet Elental on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with colorectal cancer: a prospective pilot study. Support Care Cancer. 24:783–789. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Tebbutt NC, Cummins MM, Sourjina T, Strickland A, Van Hazel G, Ganju V, Gibbs D, Stockler M, Gebski V and Zalcberg J; Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group: Randomised, non-comparative phase II study of weekly docetaxel with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil or with capecitabine in oesophagogastric cancer: The AGITG ATTAX trial. Br J Cancer. 102:475–481. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Anandavadivelan P, Brismar TB, Nilsson M, Johar AM and Martin L: Sarcopenic obesity: A probable risk factor for dose limiting toxicity during neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer patients. Clin Nutr. 35:724–730. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Tan BH, Brammer K, Randhawa N, Welch NT, Parsons SL, James EJ and Catton JA: Sarcopenia is associated with toxicity in patients undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for oesophagogastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 41:333–338. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Yip C, Goh V, Davies A, Gossage J, Mitchell-Hay R, Hynes O, Maisey N, Ross P, Gaya A, Landau DB, et al: Assessment of sarcopenia and changes in body composition after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and associations with clinical outcomes in oesophageal cancer. Eur Radiol. 24:998–1005. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Harada K, Ida S, Baba Y, Ishimoto T, Kosumi K, Tokunaga R, Izumi D, Ohuchi M, Nakamura K, Kiyozumi Y, et al: Prognostic and clinical impact of sarcopenia in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus. Jun 30–2015.Epub ahead of print. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

van Vledder MG, Levolger S, Ayez N, Verhoef C, Tran TC and Ijzermans JN: Body composition and outcome in patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg. 99:550–557. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Larrea J, Vega S, Martínez T, Torrent JM, Vega V and Núñez V: The nutritional status and immunological situation of cancer patients. Nutr Hosp. 7:178–184. 1992.In Spanish. PubMed/NCBI

38 

Daly JM, Massar E, Giacco G, Frazier OH, Mountain CF, Dudrick SJ and Copeland EM III: Parenteral nutrition in esophageal cancer patients. Ann Surg. 196:203–208. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Takesue T, Takeuchi H, Ogura M, Fukuda K, Nakamura R, Takahashi T, Wada N, Kawakubo H and Kitagawa Y: A prospective randomized trial of enteral nutrition after thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 22(Suppl 3): S802–S809. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Paddon-Jones D, Sheffield-Moore M, Katsanos CS, Zhang XJ and Wolfe RR: Differential stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in elderly humans following isocaloric ingestion of amino acids or whey protein. Exp Gerontol. 41:215–219. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Katsanos CS, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M, Aarsland A and Wolfe RR: A high proportion of leucine is required for optimal stimulation of the rate of muscle protein synthesis by essential amino acids in the elderly. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 291:E381–E387. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Garlick PJ: The role of leucine in the regulation of protein metabolism. J Nutr. 135(Suppl): 1553S–1556S. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

43 

Miyoshi J, Miyamoto H, Goji T, Taniguchi T, Tomonari T, Sogabe M, Kimura T, Kitamura S, Okamoto K, Fujino Y, et al: Serum diamine oxidase activity as a predictor of gastrointestinal toxicity and malnutrition due to anticancer drugs. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 30:1582–1590. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ishikawa T, Yasuda T, Doi T, Okayama T, Sakamoto N, Gen Y, Dohi O, Yoshida N, Kamada K, Uchiyama K, Uchiyama K, et al: The amino acid-rich elemental diet Elental® preserves lean body mass during chemo- or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Oncol Rep 36: 1093-1100, 2016.
APA
Ishikawa, T., Yasuda, T., Doi, T., Okayama, T., Sakamoto, N., Gen, Y. ... Itoh, Y. (2016). The amino acid-rich elemental diet Elental® preserves lean body mass during chemo- or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Oncology Reports, 36, 1093-1100. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4877
MLA
Ishikawa, T., Yasuda, T., Doi, T., Okayama, T., Sakamoto, N., Gen, Y., Dohi, O., Yoshida, N., Kamada, K., Uchiyama, K., Handa, O., Takagi, T., Konishi, H., Yagi, N., Kokura, S., Naito, Y., Itoh, Y."The amino acid-rich elemental diet Elental® preserves lean body mass during chemo- or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer". Oncology Reports 36.2 (2016): 1093-1100.
Chicago
Ishikawa, T., Yasuda, T., Doi, T., Okayama, T., Sakamoto, N., Gen, Y., Dohi, O., Yoshida, N., Kamada, K., Uchiyama, K., Handa, O., Takagi, T., Konishi, H., Yagi, N., Kokura, S., Naito, Y., Itoh, Y."The amino acid-rich elemental diet Elental® preserves lean body mass during chemo- or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer". Oncology Reports 36, no. 2 (2016): 1093-1100. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4877
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ishikawa T, Yasuda T, Doi T, Okayama T, Sakamoto N, Gen Y, Dohi O, Yoshida N, Kamada K, Uchiyama K, Uchiyama K, et al: The amino acid-rich elemental diet Elental® preserves lean body mass during chemo- or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Oncol Rep 36: 1093-1100, 2016.
APA
Ishikawa, T., Yasuda, T., Doi, T., Okayama, T., Sakamoto, N., Gen, Y. ... Itoh, Y. (2016). The amino acid-rich elemental diet Elental® preserves lean body mass during chemo- or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Oncology Reports, 36, 1093-1100. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4877
MLA
Ishikawa, T., Yasuda, T., Doi, T., Okayama, T., Sakamoto, N., Gen, Y., Dohi, O., Yoshida, N., Kamada, K., Uchiyama, K., Handa, O., Takagi, T., Konishi, H., Yagi, N., Kokura, S., Naito, Y., Itoh, Y."The amino acid-rich elemental diet Elental® preserves lean body mass during chemo- or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer". Oncology Reports 36.2 (2016): 1093-1100.
Chicago
Ishikawa, T., Yasuda, T., Doi, T., Okayama, T., Sakamoto, N., Gen, Y., Dohi, O., Yoshida, N., Kamada, K., Uchiyama, K., Handa, O., Takagi, T., Konishi, H., Yagi, N., Kokura, S., Naito, Y., Itoh, Y."The amino acid-rich elemental diet Elental® preserves lean body mass during chemo- or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer". Oncology Reports 36, no. 2 (2016): 1093-1100. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4877
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team