Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
October-2016 Volume 36 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2016 Volume 36 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Casticin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Yung-Luen Shih
    • Jason Chou
    • Ming-Yang Yeh
    • Hsiao-Min Chou
    • Hsiu-Chen Chou
    • Hsu-Feng Lu
    • Hung-Sheng Shang
    • Fu-Shin Chueh
    • Yung-Lin Chu
    • Shu-Ching Hsueh
    • Jing-Gung Chung
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Pathology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Office of Director, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C., International Master's Degree Program in Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
  • Pages: 2094-2100
    |
    Published online on: August 17, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5027
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Casticin, a polymethoxyflavone, has been demonstrated to possess anticancer activities, yet no study has shown in detail that casticin induces DNA damage in lung cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of casticin which induce DNA damage and nuclear condensation in murine melanoma cancer B16F10 cells. In this study, by examining and capturing images using phase contrast microscopy, we found that casticin induced cell morphological changes. Moreover, it decreased the total number of viable cells which was measured by flow cytometry. Casticin-induced DNA damage and nuclear DNA condensation were measured by DAPI staining, respectively. Western blotting indicated that casticin decreased the protein levels of O6‑methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1), mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) but increased phospho-p53 tumor suppressor protein (p-p53), phospho-ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (p-ATM), phospho-histone H2A.X (Ser139) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in the B16F10 cells. Furthermore, we used confocal laser system microscopy to examine the protein expression levels and we found that casticin increased the expression of p-p53 and p-H2A.X in the B16F10 cells. Collectively, casticin induced DNA damage and affected DNA repair proteins in the B16F10 cells in vitro.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Parrella A, Lavorgna M, Criscuolo E, Russo C and Isidori M: Ecogenotoxicity of six anticancer drugs using comet assay in daphnids. J Hazard Mater. 286:573–580. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Li X, Tian J, Bo Q, Li K, Wang H, Liu T and Li J: Targeting DNA-PKcs increased anticancer drug sensitivity by suppressing DNA damage repair in osteosarcoma cell line MG63. Tumour Biol. 36:9365–9372. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Liu LP, Cao XC, Liu F, Quan MF, Sheng XF and Ren KQ: Casticin induces breast cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of forkhead box protein M1. Oncol Lett. 7:1711–1717. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Weisskopf M, Schaffner W, Jundt G, Sulser T, Wyler S and Tullberg-Reinert H: A Vitex agnus-castus extract inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in prostate epithelial cell lines. Planta Med. 71:910–916. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Haïdara K, Zamir L, Shi QW and Batist G: The flavonoid casticin has multiple mechanisms of tumor cytotoxicity action. Cancer Lett. 242:180–190. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Imai M, Kikuchi H, Denda T, Ohyama K, Hirobe C and Toyoda H: Cytotoxic effects of flavonoids against a human colon cancer derived cell line, COLO 201: A potential natural anti-cancer substance. Cancer Lett. 276:74–80. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Tang SY, Zhong MZ, Yuan GJ, Hou SP, Yin LL, Jiang H and Yu ZY: Casticin, a flavonoid, potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis through modulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and death receptor 5 in colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 29:474–480. 2013.

8 

Koh DJ, Ahn HS, Chung HS, Lee H, Kim Y, Lee JY, Kim DG, Hong M, Shin M and Bae H: Inhibitory effects of casticin on migration of eosinophil and expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules in A549 lung epithelial cells via NF-κB inactivation. J Ethnopharmacol. 136:399–405. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Zhou Y, Peng Y, Mao QQ, Li X, Chen MW, Su J, Tian L, Mao NQ, Long LZ, Quan MF, et al: Casticin induces caspase-mediated apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway and upregu-lation of DR5 in human lung cancer cells. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 6:372–378. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Zeng F, Tian L, Liu F, Cao J, Quan M and Sheng X: Induction of apoptosis by casticin in cervical cancer cells: Reactive oxygen species-dependent sustained activation of Jun N-terminal kinase. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 44:442–449. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Zhou Y, Tian L, Long L, Quan M, Liu F and Cao J: Casticin potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress. PLoS One. 8:e588552013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Jiang L, Cao XC, Cao JG, Liu F, Quan MF, Sheng XF and Ren KQ: Casticin induces ovarian cancer cell apoptosis by repressing FoxM1 through the activation of FOXO3a. Oncol Lett. 5:1605–1610. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Liu E, Kuang Y, He W, Xing X and Gu J: Casticin induces human glioma cell death through apoptosis and mitotic arrest. Cell Physiol Biochem. 31:805–814. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Shen JK, Du HP, Yang M, Wang YG and Jin J: Casticin induces leukemic cell death through apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe. Ann Hematol. 88:743–752. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Qu L, Liu FX, Cao XC, Xiao Q, Yang X and Ren KQ: Activation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway is involved in the casticin-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Exp Ther Med. 8:1494–1500. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Garbe C and Leiter U: Melanoma epidemiology and trends. Clin Dermatol. 27:3–9. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Jilaveanu LB, Aziz SA and Kluger HM: Chemotherapy and biologic therapies for melanoma: Do they work? Clin Dermatol. 27:614–625. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Siegel R, Naishadham D and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 62:10–29. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Lillehammer T, Engesaeter BO, Prasmickaite L, Maelandsmo GM, Fodstad O and Engebraaten O: Combined treatment with Ad-hTRAIL and DTIC or SAHA is associated with increased mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human melanoma cell lines. J Gene Med. 9:440–451. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Chang YM, Velmurugan BK, Kuo WW, Chen YS, Ho TJ, Tsai CT, Ye CX, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ and Huang CY: Inhibitory effect of alpinate Oxyphyllae fructus extracts on Ang II-induced cardiac pathological remodeling-related pathways in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. BioMedicine. 3:148–152. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Chueh FS, Chen YL, Hsu SC, Yang JS, Hsueh SC, Ji BC, Lu HF and Chung JG: Triptolide induced DNA damage in A375.S2 human malignant melanoma cells is mediated via reduction of DNA repair genes. Oncol Rep. 29:613–618. 2013.

22 

Roos WP and Kaina B: DNA damage-induced cell death by apoptosis. Trends Mol Med. 12:440–450. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Hsu YC, Weng HC, Lin S and Chien YW: Curcuminoids cellular uptake by human primary colon cancer cells as quantitated by a sensitive HPLC assay and its relation with the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis. J Agric Food Chem. 55:8213–8222. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Ireson C, Orr S, Jones DJ, Verschoyle R, Lim CK, Luo JL, Howells L, Plummer S, Jukes R, Williams M, et al: Characterization of metabolites of the chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat hepatocytes and in the rat in vivo, and evaluation of their ability to inhibit phorbol ester-induced prostaglandin E2 production. Cancer Res. 61:1058–1064. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Ireson CR, Jones DJ, Orr S, Coughtrie MW, Boocock DJ, Williams ML, Farmer PB, Steward WP and Gescher AJ: Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 11:105–111. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

26 

McCall MR and Frei B: Can antioxidant vitamins materially reduce oxidative damage in humans? Free Radic Biol Med. 26:1034–1053. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Ohia SE, Opere CA and Leday AM: Pharmacological consequences of oxidative stress in ocular tissues. Mutat Res. 579:22–36. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Wood RD, Mitchell M, Sgouros J and Lindahl T: Human DNA repair genes. Science. 291:1284–1289. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Christmann M, Verbeek B, Roos WP and Kaina B: O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in normal tissues and tumors: Enzyme activity, promoter meth-ylation and immunohistochemistry. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1816:179–190. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Verbeek B, Southgate TD, Gilham DE and Margison GP: O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase inactivation and chemotherapy. Br Med Bull. 85:17–33. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Venkitaraman AR: Cancer susceptibility and the functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2. Cell. 108:171–182. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Xu X, Gammon MD, Zhang Y, Bestor TH, Zeisel SH, Wetmur JG, Wallenstein S, Bradshaw PT, Garbowski G, Teitelbaum SL, et al: BRCA1 promoter methylation is associated with increased mortality among women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 115:397–404. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

33 

Bartkova J, Horejsí Z, Sehested M, Nesland JM, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Skakkebaek NE, Stucki M, Jackson S, Lukas J and Bartek J: DNA damage response mediators MDC1 and 53BP1: Constitutive activation and aberrant loss in breast and lung cancer, but not in testicular germ cell tumours. Oncogene. 26:7414–7422. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Gorgoulis VG, Vassiliou LV, Karakaidos P, Zacharatos P, Kotsinas A, Liloglou T, Venere M, Ditullio RA Jr, Kastrinakis NG, Levy B, et al: Activation of the DNA damage checkpoint and genomic instability in human precancerous lesions. Nature. 434:907–913. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Gou Q, Xie Y, Liu L, Xie K, Wu Y, Wang Q, Wang Z and Li P: Downregulation of MDC1 and 53BP1 by short hairpin RNA enhances radiosensitivity in laryngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep. 34:251–257. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Jackson SP: DNA-dependent protein kinase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 29:935–938. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Belenkov AI, Paiement JP, Panasci LC, Monia BP and Chow TY: An antisense oligonucleotide targeted to human Ku86 messenger RNA sensitizes M059K malignant glioma cells to ionizing radiation, bleomycin, and etoposide but not DNA cross-linking agents. Cancer Res. 62:5888–5896. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Mi J, Dziegielewski J, Bolesta E, Brautigan DL and Larner JM: Activation of DNA-PK by ionizing radiation is mediated by protein phosphatase 6. PLoS One. 4:e43952009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Shintani S, Mihara M, Li C, Nakahara Y, Hino S, Nakashiro K and Hamakawa H: Up-regulation of DNA-dependent protein kinase correlates with radiation resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 94:894–900. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Matuo R, Sousa FG, Escargueil AE, Grivicich I, Garcia-Santos D, Chies JA, Saffi J, Larsen AK and Henriques JA: 5-Fluorouracil and its active metabolite FdUMP cause DNA damage in human SW620 colon adenocarcinoma cell line. J Appl Toxicol. 29:308–316. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Jäämaa S, Af Hällström TM, Sankila A, Rantanen V, Koistinen H, Stenman UH, Zhang Z, Yang Z, De Marzo AM, Taari K, et al: DNA damage recognition via activated ATM and p53 pathway in nonproliferating human prostate tissue. Cancer Res. 70:8630–8641. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Brum G, Carbone T, Still E, Correia V, Szulak K, Calianese D, Best C, Cammarata G, Higgins K, Ji F, et al: N-acetylcysteine potentiates doxorubicin-induced ATM and p53 activation in ovarian cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 42:211–218. 2013.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Shih Y, Chou J, Yeh M, Chou H, Chou H, Lu H, Shang H, Chueh F, Chu Y, Hsueh S, Hsueh S, et al: Casticin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells. Oncol Rep 36: 2094-2100, 2016.
APA
Shih, Y., Chou, J., Yeh, M., Chou, H., Chou, H., Lu, H. ... Chung, J. (2016). Casticin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 36, 2094-2100. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5027
MLA
Shih, Y., Chou, J., Yeh, M., Chou, H., Chou, H., Lu, H., Shang, H., Chueh, F., Chu, Y., Hsueh, S., Chung, J."Casticin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36.4 (2016): 2094-2100.
Chicago
Shih, Y., Chou, J., Yeh, M., Chou, H., Chou, H., Lu, H., Shang, H., Chueh, F., Chu, Y., Hsueh, S., Chung, J."Casticin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36, no. 4 (2016): 2094-2100. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5027
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Shih Y, Chou J, Yeh M, Chou H, Chou H, Lu H, Shang H, Chueh F, Chu Y, Hsueh S, Hsueh S, et al: Casticin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells. Oncol Rep 36: 2094-2100, 2016.
APA
Shih, Y., Chou, J., Yeh, M., Chou, H., Chou, H., Lu, H. ... Chung, J. (2016). Casticin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 36, 2094-2100. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5027
MLA
Shih, Y., Chou, J., Yeh, M., Chou, H., Chou, H., Lu, H., Shang, H., Chueh, F., Chu, Y., Hsueh, S., Chung, J."Casticin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36.4 (2016): 2094-2100.
Chicago
Shih, Y., Chou, J., Yeh, M., Chou, H., Chou, H., Lu, H., Shang, H., Chueh, F., Chu, Y., Hsueh, S., Chung, J."Casticin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36, no. 4 (2016): 2094-2100. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5027
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team