Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 36 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 36 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Pterostilbene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through p53/SOD2/ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis

  • Authors:
    • Liying Guo
    • Kai Tan
    • Hao Wang
    • Xuan Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hepatology, Xi'an No. 8 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China, Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China, Department of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
  • Pages: 3233-3240
    |
    Published online on: October 5, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5151
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and the second cause of cancer-related deaths around the world. Pterostilbene (PTE), is a natural analog of resveratrol, possessing diverse pharmacological activities. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effect of PTE on tumor growth in mouse models of HCC and to elucidate the possible molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro. We showed that PTE dose-dependently suppressed tumor growth in mice induced by diethylnitrosamine plus carbon tetrachloride, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of tumors and in the maximum size of the tumors. PTE concentration-dependently inhibited cell viability and proliferation in HepG2 cells. PTE increased caspase-3 activities and apoptosis in liver tumor tissues and cells, indicating the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. PFTα, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) lentivirus and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited PTE-induced inhibition of tumor growth and cell proliferation and increase in apoptosis. PTE dose-dependently increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels both in liver tumor tissues and cells, which were inhibited by PFTα, SOD2 lentivirus and NAC. PTE resulted in a significant decrease in SOD2 expression in liver tumor tissues and cells, which were inhibited by PFTα, but not NAC, indicating that PTE-induced ROS generation was attributed to p53-mediated downregulation of SOD2. Collectively, PTE increased p53 expression, decreased SOD2 expression, and resulted in an increase in the ROS levels and the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, leading to inhibition of tumor growth and cell proliferation. These data demonstrated that the p53/SOD2/ROS pathway is critical for PTE-mediated inhibition of tumor growth and HCC cell proliferation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C and Parkin DM: Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 127:2893–2917. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

El-Serag HB and Rudolph KL: Hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology. 132:2557–2576. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D and Bray F: Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 136:E359–E386. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Yeh YP, Hu TH, Cho PY, Chen HH, Yen AM, Chen SL, Chiu SY, Fann JC, Su WW, Fang YJ, et al: Changhua Community-Based Abdominal Ultrasonography Screening Group: Evaluation of abdominal ultrasonography mass screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. Hepatology. 59:1840–1849. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Pascual S, Herrera I and Irurzun J: New advances in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol. 8:421–438. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Cabibbo G, Enea M, Attanasio M, Bruix J, Craxì A and Cammà C: A meta-analysis of survival rates of untreated patients in randomized clinical trials of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 51:1274–1283. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Schmidt S, Follmann M, Malek N, Manns MP and Greten TF: Critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 26:1779–1786. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Roxburgh P and Evans TR: Systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: Are we making progress? Adv Ther. 25:1089–1104. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Tejeda-Maldonado J, García-Juárez I, Aguirre-Valadez J, González-Aguirre A, Vilatobá-Chapa M, Armengol-Alonso A, Escobar-Penagos F, Torre A, Sánchez-Ávila JF and Carrillo-Pérez DL: Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update. World J Hepatol. 7:362–376. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bruix J, Gores GJ and Mazzaferro V: Hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical frontiers and perspectives. Gut. 63:844–855. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Lombardi G, Vannini S, Blasi F, Marcotullio MC, Dominici L, Villarini M, Cossignani L and Moretti M: In vitro safety/protection assessment of resveratrol and pterostilbene in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Nat Prod Commun. 10:1403–1408. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Pan MH, Chiou YS, Chen WJ, Wang JM, Badmaev V and Ho CT: Pterostilbene inhibited tumor invasion via suppressing multiple signal transduction pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis. 30:1234–1242. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Remsberg CM, Yáñez JA, Ohgami Y, Vega-Villa KR, Rimando AM and Davies NM: Pharmacometrics of pterostilbene: Preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic activity. Phytother Res. 22:169–179. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Feng Y, Yang Y, Fan C, Di S, Hu W, Jiang S, Li T, Ma Z, Chao D, Feng X, et al: Pterostilbene inhibits the growth of human esophageal cancer cells by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Physiol Biochem. 38:1226–1244. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Dhar S, Kumar A, Zhang L, Rimando AM, Lage JM, Lewin JR, Atfi A, Zhang X and Levenson AS: Dietary pterostilbene is a novel MTA1-targeted chemopreventive and therapeutic agent in prostate cancer. Oncotarget. 7:18469–18484. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Nikhil K, Sharan S and Roy P: A pterostilbene derivative suppresses osteoclastogenesis by regulating RANKL-mediated NFκB and MAPK signaling in RAW264.7 cells. Pharmacol Rep. 67:1264–1272. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Sun Y, Wu X, Cai X, Song M, Zheng J, Pan C, Qiu P, Zhang L, Zhou S, Tang Z, et al: Identification of pinostilbene as a major colonic metabolite of pterostilbene and its inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 60:1924–1932. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Huang CS, Ho CT, Tu SH, Pan MH, Chuang CH, Chang HW, Chang CH, Wu CH and Ho YS: Long-term ethanol exposure-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion through lysyl oxidase activation are attenuated by combined treatment with pterostilbene and curcumin analogues. J Agric Food Chem. 61:4326–4335. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Hacker HJ, Mtiro H, Bannasch P and Vesselinovitch SD: Histochemical profile of mouse hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas induced by a single dose of diethylnitrosamine. Cancer Res. 51:1952–1958. 1991.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Fausto N and Campbell JS: Mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 30:87–98. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Zhao X, Fu J, Xu A, Yu L, Zhu J, Dai R, Su B, Luo T, Li N, Qin W, et al: Gankyrin drives malignant transformation of chronic liver damage-mediated fibrosis via the Rac1/JNK pathway. Cell Death Dis. 6:e17512015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Qin XY, Tatsukawa H, Hitomi K, Shirakami Y, Ishibashi N, Shimizu M, Moriwaki H and Kojima S: Metabolome analyses uncovered a novel inhibitory effect of acyclic retinoid on aberrant lipogenesis in a mouse diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic tumorigenesis model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 9:205–214. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Shibata Y, Hara T, Nagano J, Nakamura N, Ohno T, Ninomiya S, Ito H, Tanaka T, Saito K, Seishima M, et al: The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in diethylnitrosamine-induced liver carcinogenesis. PLoS One. 11:e01462792016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Goldar S, Khaniani MS, Derakhshan SM and Baradaran B: Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and roles in cancer development and treatment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 16:2129–2144. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Kundu J, Chun KS, Aruoma OI and Kundu JK: Mechanistic perspectives on cancer chemoprevention/chemotherapeutic effects of thymoquinone. Mutat Res. 768:22–34. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Jiang CF, Wen LZ, Yin C, Xu WP, Shi B, Zhang X and Xie WF: Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 mediates the inhibitory effect of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α on hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget. 7:27408–27421. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Li J, Liang L, Liu Y, Luo Y, Liang X, Luo D, Feng Z, Dang Y, Yang L and Chen G: Clinicopathological significance of STAT4 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its effect on cell growth and apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther. 9:1721–1734. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Chen X, Tan M, Xie Z, Feng B, Zhao Z, Yang K, Hu C, Liao N, Wang T, Chen D, et al: Inhibiting ROS-STAT3-dependent autophagy enhanced capsaicin-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Free Radic Res. 50:744–755. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Zhang B, Wang XQ, Chen HY and Liu BH: Involvement of the Nrf2 pathway in the regulation of pterostilbene-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells via ER stress. J Pharmacol Sci. 126:216–229. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Hsiao PC, Chou YE, Tan P, Lee WJ, Yang SF, Chow JM, Chen HY, Lin CH, Lee LM and Chien MH: Pterostilbene simultaneously induced G0/G1-phase arrest and MAPK-mediated mitochondrial-derived apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. PLoS One. 9:e1053422014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Pan C, Hu Y, Li J, Wang Z, Huang J, Zhang S and Ding L: Estrogen receptor-α36 is involved in pterostilbene-induced apoptosis and anti-proliferation in in vitro and in vivo breast cancer. PLoS One. 9:e1044592014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Jiang L, Kon N, Li T, Wang SJ, Su T, Hibshoosh H, Baer R and Gu W: Ferroptosis as a p53-mediated activity during tumour suppression. Nature. 520:57–62. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Nakano K and Vousden KH: PUMA, a novel proapoptotic gene, is induced by p53. Mol Cell. 7:683–694. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Liu J, Zhang C, Hu W and Feng Z: Tumor suppressor p53 and its mutants in cancer metabolism. Cancer Lett. 356:197–203. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Chi SW: Structural insights into the transcription-independent apoptotic pathway of p53. BMB Rep. 47:167–172. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Maillet A and Pervaiz S: Redox regulation of p53, redox effectors regulated by p53: a subtle balance. Antioxid Redox Signal. 16:1285–1294. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Wang X, Liu J, Jiang L, Wei X, Niu C, Wang R, Zhang J, Meng D and Yao K: Bach1 induces endothelial cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest through ROS generation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016:62340432016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Wang H, Sun N, Li X, Li K, Tian J and Li J: Diallyl trisulfide induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated downregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Oncol Rep. 35:3648–3658. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Jia J, Qin Y, Zhang L, Guo C, Wang Y, Yue X and Qian J: Artemisinin inhibits gallbladder cancer cell lines through triggering cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep. 13:4461–4468. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Bhakkiyalakshmi E, Sireesh D, Sakthivadivel M, Sivasubramanian S, Gunasekaran P and Ramkumar KM: Anti-hyperlipidemic and antiperoxidative role of pterostilbene via Nrf2 signaling in experimental diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol. 777:9–16. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Elango B, Dornadula S, Paulmurugan R and Ramkumar KM: Pterostilbene ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetes through enhancing antioxidant signaling pathways mediated by nrf2. Chem Res Toxicol. 29:47–57. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Fridovich I: Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutases. Annu Rev Biochem. 64:97–112. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Yang J, Qiu B, Li X, Zhang H and Liu W: p53-p66shc/miR-21-Sod2 signaling is critical for the inhibitory effect of betulinic acid on hepatocellular carcinoma. Toxicol Lett. 238:1–10. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Guo L, Tan K, Wang H and Zhang X: Pterostilbene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through p53/SOD2/ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Oncol Rep 36: 3233-3240, 2016.
APA
Guo, L., Tan, K., Wang, H., & Zhang, X. (2016). Pterostilbene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through p53/SOD2/ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Oncology Reports, 36, 3233-3240. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5151
MLA
Guo, L., Tan, K., Wang, H., Zhang, X."Pterostilbene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through p53/SOD2/ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis". Oncology Reports 36.6 (2016): 3233-3240.
Chicago
Guo, L., Tan, K., Wang, H., Zhang, X."Pterostilbene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through p53/SOD2/ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis". Oncology Reports 36, no. 6 (2016): 3233-3240. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5151
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Guo L, Tan K, Wang H and Zhang X: Pterostilbene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through p53/SOD2/ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Oncol Rep 36: 3233-3240, 2016.
APA
Guo, L., Tan, K., Wang, H., & Zhang, X. (2016). Pterostilbene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through p53/SOD2/ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Oncology Reports, 36, 3233-3240. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5151
MLA
Guo, L., Tan, K., Wang, H., Zhang, X."Pterostilbene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through p53/SOD2/ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis". Oncology Reports 36.6 (2016): 3233-3240.
Chicago
Guo, L., Tan, K., Wang, H., Zhang, X."Pterostilbene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through p53/SOD2/ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis". Oncology Reports 36, no. 6 (2016): 3233-3240. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5151
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team