Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
August-2017 Volume 38 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2017 Volume 38 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Galangin suppresses human laryngeal carcinoma via modulation of caspase-3 and AKT signaling pathways

  • Authors:
    • Hai-Xu Wang
    • Chen Tang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 703-714
    |
    Published online on: June 29, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5767
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Laryngeal cancers are mostly squamous cell carcinomas. Although targeting radio-resistant cancer cells is important for improving the treatmental efficiency, the signaling pathway- and therapeutic strategy-related to laryngeal carcinoma still require further study. Galangin is an active pharmacological ingredient, isolated from propolis and Alpinia officinarum Hance, and has been reported to have anticancer and anti-oxidative properties through regulation of cell cycle, resulting in angiogenesis, apoptosis, invasion and migration without triggering any toxicity in normal cells. PI3K/AKT and p38 are important signaling pathways to modulate cancer cell apoptosis and proliferation through caspase-3, NF-κB and mTOR signal pathways. Autophagy is also enhanced by activating LC3s and Beclin 1. In the present study, galangin was found to suppress laryngeal cancer cell proliferation. Also, flow cytometry, immunohistochemical and western blot analysis indicated that cell apoptosis was induced for galangin administration, promoting caspase-3 expression through regulating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB. Furthermore, galangin inhibited laryngeal cancer cell proliferation, related to p38 inactivation by galangin treatment. Additionally, mTOR activation regulated by PI3K/AKT was reduced by galangin, suppressing cancer cell transcription and proliferation. Our data also indicated that the tumor volume and weight in nude mice were reduced for galangin use in vivo accompanied by Ki-67 decrease and TUNEL increase in tumor tissues. Together, our data indicated that galangin has a potential role in suppressing human laryngeal cancer via inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, activating apoptosis and autophagy, which were regulated by p38 and AKT/NF-κB/mTOR pathways, providing a therapeutic strategy for human laryngeal cancer treatment.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

View References

1 

Zhang Y, Chen Y, Yu J, Liu G and Huang Z: Integrated transcriptome analysis reveals miRNA-mRNA crosstalk in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Genomics. 104:249–256. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Liu M, Wu H, Liu T, Li Y, Wang F, Wan H, Li X and Tang H: Regulation of the cell cycle gene, BTG2, by miR-21 in human laryngeal carcinoma. Cell Res. 19:828–837. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

van Dijk BA, Karim-Kos HE, Coebergh JW, Marres HA and de Vries E: Progress against laryngeal cancer in The Netherlands between 1989 and 2010. Int J Cancer. 134:674–681. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Hoffman HT, Porter K, Karnell LH, Cooper JS, Weber RS, Langer CJ, Ang KK, Gay G, Stewart A and Robinson RA: Laryngeal cancer in the United States: Changes in demographics, patterns of care, and survival. Laryngoscope. 116:(Suppl 111). 1–13. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ouyang D, Liu TR, Liu XW, Chen YF, Wang J, Su X and Yang AK: Combined hyoid bone flap in laryngeal reconstruction after extensive partial laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 270:1455–1462. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Diab S, Pascoe J, Shahriar M, Read D, Kinde H, Moore J, Odani J and Uzal F: Study of laryngopharyngeal pathology in Thoroughbred horses in southern California. Equine Vet J. 41:903–907. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Silver CE, Beitler JJ, Shaha AR, Rinaldo A and Ferlito A: Current trends in initial management of laryngeal cancer: The declining use of open surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 266:1333–1352. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Ulualp SO: Mapping regional laryngopharyngeal mechanoreceptor response. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 7:319–323. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Zhang SY, Lu ZM, Chen LS, Luo XN, Ge PJ, Song XH, Chen SH and Wu YL: Supracricoid partial laryngectomy cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (SCPL-CHEP) versus vertical partial laryngectomy for the treatment of glottic carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 270:1027–1034. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Zhang HT, Luo H, Wu J, Lan LB, Fan DH, Zhu KD, Chen XY, Wen M and Liu HM: Galangin induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the mitochondrial pathway. World J Gastroenterol. 16:3377–3384. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Capasso R and Mascolo N: Inhibitory effect of the plant flavonoid galangin on rat vas deferens in vitro. Life Sci. 72:2993–3001. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Kim DA, Jeon YK and Nam MJ: Galangin induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells via regulation of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 and glutathione S-transferase P. Food Chem Toxicol. 50:684–688. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Zhang W, Tang B, Huang Q and Hua Z: Galangin inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of B16F10 melanoma. J Cell Biochem. 114:152–161. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Heo MY, Sohn SJ and Au WW: Anti-genotoxicity of galangin as a cancer chemopreventive agent candidate. Mutat Res. 488:135–150. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Agati G, Azzarello E, Pollastri S and Tattini M: Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: Location and functional significance. Plant Sci. 196:67–76. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Parhiz H, Roohbakhsh A, Soltani F, Rezaee R and Iranshahi M: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the citrus flavonoids hesperidin and hesperetin: An updated review of their molecular mechanisms and experimental models. Phytother Res. 29:323–331. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Schultz DR and Harrington WJ Jr: Apoptosis: Programmed cell death at a molecular level. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 32:345–369. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Tomita T: Cleaved caspase-3 immunocytochemical staining for pancreatic islets and pancreatic endocrine tumors: A potential marker for biological malignancy. Islets. 2:82–88. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

McCormick J, Knight RA, Barry SP, Scarabelli TM, Abounit K, Latchman DS and Stephanou A: Autophagy in the stress-induced myocardium. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 4:2131–2141. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Li Y, Zhang Q, Tian R, Wang Q, Zhao JJ, Iglehart JD, Wang ZC and Richardson AL: Lysosomal transmembrane protein LAPTM4B promotes autophagy and tolerance to metabolic stress in cancer cells. Cancer Res. 71:7481–7489. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Liu Z, Antalek M, Nguyen L, Li X, Tian X, Le A and Zi X: The effect of gartanin, a naturally occurring xanthone in mangosteen juice, on the mTOR pathway, autophagy, apoptosis, and the growth of human urinary bladder cancer cell lines. Nutr Cancer. 65:(Suppl 1). 68–77. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Ling YH, Aracil M, Zou Y, Yuan Z, Lu B, Jimeno J, Cuervo AM and Perez-Soler R: PM02734 (elisidepsin) induces caspase-independent cell death associated with features of autophagy, inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and activation of death-associated protein kinase. Clin Cancer Res. 17:5353–5366. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Zhai B, Hu F, Jiang X, Xu J, Zhao D, Liu B, Pan S, Dong X, Tan G, Wei Z, et al: Inhibition of Akt reverses the acquired resistance to sorafenib by switching protective autophagy to autophagic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 13:1589–1598. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Graham TR, Odero-Marah VA, Chung LW, Agrawal KC, Davis R and Abdel-Mageed AB: PI3K/Akt-dependent transcriptional regulation and activation of BMP-2-Smad signaling by NF-kappaB in metastatic prostate cancer cells. Prostate. 69:168–180. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Pugazhenthi S, Nesterova A, Sable C, Heidenreich KA, Boxer LM, Heasley LE and Reusch JE: Akt/protein kinase B up-regulates Bcl-2 expression through cAMP-response element-binding protein. J Biol Chem. 275:10761–10766. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Hale AN, Ledbetter DJ, Gawriluk TR and Rucker EB III: Autophagy: Regulation and role in development. Autophagy. 9:951–972. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Li C, Han X, Zhang H, Wu J and Li B: The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis induced by tanshinone IIA in prostate cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 37:7667–7674. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Platanias LC: Map kinase signaling pathways and hematologic malignancies. Blood. 101:4667–4679. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Rauch BH, Weber A, Braun M, Zimmermann N and Schrör K: PDGF-induced Akt phosphorylation does not activate NF-kappa B in human vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. FEBS Lett. 481:3–7. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ryu HJ, Kim JE, Yeo SI and Kang TC: p65/RelA-Ser529 NF-κB subunit phosphorylation induces autophagic astroglial death (Clasmatodendrosis) following status epilepticus. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 31:1071–1078. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Samuels Y and Velculescu VE: Oncogenic mutations of PIK3CA in human cancers. Cell Cycle. 3:1221–1224. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Chen K, Song F, He M, Li H, Qian B, Zhang W, Wei Q and Hao X: Trends in head and neck cancer incidence in Tianjin, China, between 1981 and 2002. Head Neck. 31:175–182. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Li XY, Guo X, Feng S, Li XT, Wei HQ, Yang HA, Ren Z and Jiang XJ: Relationship between a family history of malignancy and the incidence of laryngeal carcinoma in the Liaoning province of China. Clin Otolaryngol. 34:127–131. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Li S, Chou G, Hseu Y, Yang H, Kwan H and Yu Z: Isolation of anticancer constituents from flos genkwa (Daphne genkwa Sieb.et Zucc.) through bioassay-guided procedures. Chem Cent J. 7:1592013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Lee LT, Huang YT, Hwang JJ, Lee AY, Ke FC, Huang CJ, Kandaswami C, Lee PP and Lee MT: Transinactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation by dietary flavonoids: Effect on invasive potential of human carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 67:2103–2114. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Khandelwal VK, Mitrofan LM, Hyttinen JM, Chaudhari KR, Buccione R, Kaarniranta K, Ravingerová T and Mönkkönen J: Oxidative stress plays an important role in zoledronic acid-induced autophagy. Physiol Res. 63:(Suppl 4). S601–S612. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

37 

McLeland CB, Rodriguez J and Stern ST: Autophagy monitoring assay: Qualitative analysis of MAP LC3-I to II conversion by immunoblot. Methods Mol Biol. 697:199–206. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Giménez-Xavier P, Francisco R, Platini F, Pérez R and Ambrosio S: LC3-I conversion to LC3-II does not necessarily result in complete autophagy. Int J Mol Med. 22:781–785. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Kroemer G and Levine B: Autophagic cell death: The story of a misnomer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 9:1004–1010. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Reggiori F, Monastyrska I, Verheije MH, Calì T, Ulasli M, Bianchi S, Bernasconi R, de Haan CA and Molinari M: Coronaviruses Hijack the LC3-I-positive EDEMosomes, ER-derived vesicles exporting short-lived ERAD regulators, for replication. Cell Host Microbe. 7:500–508. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Saini KS, Loi S, de Azambuja E, Metzger-Filho O, Saini ML, Ignatiadis M, Dancey JE and Piccart-Gebhart MJ: Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Raf/MEK/ERK pathways in the treatment of breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 39:935–946. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Han L, Yang Y, Yue X, Huang K, Liu X, Pu P, Jiang H, Yan W, Jiang T and Kang C: Inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling inhibits glioma cell growth through modulation of β-catenin-mediated transcription. Brain Res. 1366:9–17. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Lee J, Zhang G, Wu X, Xu F, Zhou J and Zhang X: Growth inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin on Bcr/Abl+ chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells involve AKT, ERK and NF-κB modulation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 138:2095–2102. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Yip KW and Reed JC: Bcl-2 family proteins and cancer. Oncogene. 27:6398–6406. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Noble P, Vyas M, Al-Attar A, Durrant S, Scholefield J and Durrant L: High levels of cleaved caspase-3 in colorectal tumour stroma predict good survival. Br J Cancer. 108:2097–2105. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Liu K, Liu PC, Liu R and Wu X: Dual AO/EB staining to detect apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells compared with flow cytometry. Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 21:15–20. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Sheppard KE, Cullinane C, Hannan KM, Wall M, Chan J, Barber F, Foo J, Cameron D, Neilsen A, Ng P, et al: Synergistic inhibition of ovarian cancer cell growth by combining selective PI3K/mTOR and RAS/ERK pathway inhibitors. Eur J Cancer. 49:3936–3944. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Kim KW, Moretti L, Mitchell LR, Jung DK and Lu B: Combined Bcl-2/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition leads to enhanced radiosensitization via induction of apoptosis and autophagy in non-small cell lung tumor xenograft model. Clin Cancer Res. 15:6096–6105. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Levine B, Sinha S and Kroemer G: Bcl-2 family members: Dual regulators of apoptosis and autophagy. Autophagy. 4:600–606. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar :

50 

Go EK, Jung KJ, Kim JY, Yu BP and Chung HY: Betaine suppresses proinflammatory signaling during aging: The involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB via nuclear factor-inducing kinase/IkappaB kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 60:1252–1264. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Lin YG, Kunnumakkara AB, Nair A, Merritt WM, Han LY, Armaiz-Pena GN, Kamat AA, Spannuth WA, Gershenson DM, Lutgendorf SK, et al: Curcumin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in ovarian carcinoma by targeting the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Clin Cancer Res. 13:3423–3430. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Jayasooriya RG, Choi YH, Moon SK, Kim WJ and Kim GY: Methanol extract of Hydroclathrus clathratus suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-9 in T24 bladder carcinoma cells by suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Oncol Rep. 27:541–546. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

53 

Li W, Wang H, Kuang CY, Zhu JK, Yu Y, Qin ZX, Liu J and Huang L: An essential role for the Id1/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB/survivin signalling pathway in promoting the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells in vitro. Mol Cell Biochem. 363:135–145. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Roberts PJ and Der CJ: Targeting the Raf-MEK-ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade for the treatment of cancer. Oncogene. 26:3291–3310. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Sun CH, Chang YH and Pan CC: Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway correlates with tumour progression and reduced survival in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Histopathology. 58:1054–1063. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Whelan J, Bertrand FE, Ludwig DE, Bäsecke J, Libra M, Stivala F, Milella M, Tafuri A, et al: Contributions of the Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR and Jak/STAT pathways to leukemia. Leukemia. 22:686–707. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Zhang P, Pang X and Tu Y: Thioredoxin-interacting protein as a common regulation target for multiple drugs in clinical therapy/application. Cancer Transl Med. 1:26–30. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H and Tang C: Galangin suppresses human laryngeal carcinoma via modulation of caspase-3 and AKT signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 38: 703-714, 2017.
APA
Wang, H., & Tang, C. (2017). Galangin suppresses human laryngeal carcinoma via modulation of caspase-3 and AKT signaling pathways. Oncology Reports, 38, 703-714. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5767
MLA
Wang, H., Tang, C."Galangin suppresses human laryngeal carcinoma via modulation of caspase-3 and AKT signaling pathways". Oncology Reports 38.2 (2017): 703-714.
Chicago
Wang, H., Tang, C."Galangin suppresses human laryngeal carcinoma via modulation of caspase-3 and AKT signaling pathways". Oncology Reports 38, no. 2 (2017): 703-714. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5767
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H and Tang C: Galangin suppresses human laryngeal carcinoma via modulation of caspase-3 and AKT signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 38: 703-714, 2017.
APA
Wang, H., & Tang, C. (2017). Galangin suppresses human laryngeal carcinoma via modulation of caspase-3 and AKT signaling pathways. Oncology Reports, 38, 703-714. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5767
MLA
Wang, H., Tang, C."Galangin suppresses human laryngeal carcinoma via modulation of caspase-3 and AKT signaling pathways". Oncology Reports 38.2 (2017): 703-714.
Chicago
Wang, H., Tang, C."Galangin suppresses human laryngeal carcinoma via modulation of caspase-3 and AKT signaling pathways". Oncology Reports 38, no. 2 (2017): 703-714. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5767
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team